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Experiment in Electronics 3

1. The document describes an experiment to construct and test two types of voltage regulator circuits - a transistor series regulator and transistor shunt regulator. The objective is to measure load and no-load output voltages to calculate percent voltage regulation. 2. A voltage regulator maintains a constant output voltage despite changes in load or input voltage. A linear regulator uses feedback to adjust resistance to keep the output steady. Good voltage regulation is typically under 3% for simple resistive loads. 3. The series regulator draws only the current needed by the load, making it more efficient than a shunt regulator, but it regulates poorly under high loads. Shunt regulators require more space due to heat dissipation and cannot increase output above the

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Percival Cylas Cabrales
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45 views4 pages

Experiment in Electronics 3

1. The document describes an experiment to construct and test two types of voltage regulator circuits - a transistor series regulator and transistor shunt regulator. The objective is to measure load and no-load output voltages to calculate percent voltage regulation. 2. A voltage regulator maintains a constant output voltage despite changes in load or input voltage. A linear regulator uses feedback to adjust resistance to keep the output steady. Good voltage regulation is typically under 3% for simple resistive loads. 3. The series regulator draws only the current needed by the load, making it more efficient than a shunt regulator, but it regulates poorly under high loads. Shunt regulators require more space due to heat dissipation and cannot increase output above the

Uploaded by

Percival Cylas Cabrales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ECE 591L – EXP 3: VOLTAGE REGULATOR

OBJECTIVE: After performing the experiment, the student should be able to:
- Construct an experimental circuit of a voltage regulator on an Electronic Circuits Simulator.
- Measure the load and no-load output voltage of the voltage regulator.
- Compute for the % voltage regulation from the gathered data.

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND:

A voltage regulator is an integrated circuit (IC) that provides a constant fixed output voltage regardless of a
change in the load or input voltage. It can do this many ways depending on the topology of the circuit within,
but for the purpose of keeping this project basic, we will mainly focus on the linear regulator. A linear voltage
regulator works by automatically adjusting the resistance via a feedback loop, accounting for changes in both
load and input, all while keeping the output voltage constant.

Where:
VNL = no load voltage
VFL = full load voltage
%VR = percent voltage regulation

The transistor series voltage regulator working is when the voltage at the transistor’s base voltage is held to the
stable voltage across the diode. For instance, if Zener voltage is 8V, the transistor’s base voltage will stay
approximately 8V. Therefore, Vout = VZ – VBE.

Fig 1. Transistor Series Voltage Regulator

The transistor shunt voltage regulator, regulates voltage by shunting current away from the load to regulate the
output voltage. The voltage drop on the series resistance depends upon the load supplied to the load RL. The
output voltage is equal to the sum of the voltage of the Zener diode and the value of VBE. Therefore, Vout = VZ +
VBE.
Fig 2. Transistor Shunt Voltage Regulator
MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT:
- Function Generator
- Oscilloscope
- Diodes (1N4001)
- Resistors (1.8k, 2k, 33, 100)
- Multitester
- Zener diode

PROCEDURES:

1. Construct the circuit shown in Fig 1. Let Rs = 1.8k ohm, RL = 2k ohm and Zener diode = 8.3V.
2. Set the input voltage to 15 volts.
3. Measure the no-load output voltage (i.e. remove RL temporarily)
4. Measure the full-load output voltage by connecting the RL again.
5. Compute for the voltage regulation. Tabulate the results in Table 1.
6. Construct the circuit in Fig 2. Let Rs = 33 ohm, RL = 100 ohm and Zener diode = 10V.
7. Repeat steps 2 to 5 and record the results in Table 2.

DATA AND RESULTS:


QUESTIONS:
1. What is meant by voltage regulation?
- Voltage regulation is the measure of how well a power transformer can maintain constant
secondary voltage given a constant primary voltage and wide variance in load current. The
lower the percentage (closer to zero), the more stable the secondary voltage and the better
the regulation it will provide.

2. Name some advantages and disadvantages of using series and parallel voltage regulators.
- The main advantage of the series voltage regulator is that the amount of current drawn is
effectively used by the load. It does not draw the full current even when the load does not
require any current. As a result, the series voltage regulator is considerably more efficient
than a shunt voltage regulator.
- It has not so good voltage regulation for large loads currents.
- The series pass transistor should be power transistor and it has to be mounted on a suitable
heat sink. This makes the series regulator circuit bulky and heavy.
- The output voltage cannot be changed easily as no such means is provided.

Parallel regulators
Disadvantages
- Efficiency is very low.
- Requires large space – heatsink is needed.
- Voltage above the input cannot be increased.

3. What is considered as a good value for voltage regulation?


- Powering a simple resistive load like this, a good power transformer should exhibit a
regulation percentage of less than 3%.
CONCLUSION:
- The students conclude that the experiment was a success and all parameters are met all
objectives are achieved and completed.

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