1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM/New Strand). This strand will hone

the skills of the students to repair and installation of domestic refrigeration and air-

conditioning servicing, transmission line installation and maintenance, electrical

installation and maintenance. The EIM is part of the Technical-Vocational track, and it

was an industrial art. The students are specialized with analyzing signs, electrical

symbols and data, interpretation of technical drawings and plans, maintaining of electric

hydraulic tools, installation of electric metallic tubing, wire ways and cable trays,

installing telephone terminal cabinet, cable Bridge. Also the selection of wiring devices

used for floor and ground fault current interrupter which is based from the Philippine

Electrical Code standards. (MFI FOUNDATION, 2014).

The Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM) strand aims to prepare

students with skills and abilities when it comes to electrical industry. This strand consists

of laboratory activities to show the effectiveness of developing the Electrical Installation

and Maintenance students’ skills essential to the field of electrical. Every student begins

with the basic fundamentals of electricity and wiring of simple circuits, then will proceed

to the advanced phases which are the residential interior wiring, the alternating current

power, and wiring of more complex circuits and equipment. For the National Electrical

Code, emphasis when it comes to working on wirings should be applied. (Honolulu,

2011) In the study of Amadike (2006), EIM show various practical exercises,

maintenance of electrical system and circuits, electrical installation, inspection and test
 2

procedures. From the report of National Board for Technical Education (NBTE) (2004),

EIM should consist of skills when it comes to electrical industry in order to lead with the

effective production of craftsman, technicians and other skilled personnel.

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of study is to know the significant relationship of the Tracer

Study among the EIM Senior High School Students of La Paz National High School S.Y

2017-2019. This study attempted to investigate how was the performance of the EIM

students of the La Paz National High School.

1. What are the demographic profiles of the respondents?

1.1 Respondents Information

2. What are respondent status?

2.1 Studying

2.2 Working

3. What is the implication of the study?

3.1 Skills

3.2 Knowledge

Significance of the Study

This study aims to know how EIM affects the academic performance and what are

the advantages when taking the EIM strands. Through this study, the following would be

benefited:
 3

To the students, this study may serve as a guide and reference when taking the

EIM strands.

To the school,

To the teachers, it would help them to encourage more the students and teach

them better to improve the skills of the students.

To the future researchers, this study will be useful reference for the researchers

who would plan to make any related study.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The highlight of this study is the effects of Electrical Installation and

Maintenance. This study will take place at La Paz National High School. The respondents

included 50 graduate students in EIM strand. Further, the researchers delimited the

domains of EIM strand. It did not include to the other strand since the skills to be

assessed are specialized in Electrical Installation and Maintenance. Only the sections of

EIM 12 students were included in the study. The study was based only on the responses

of the respondents, thus, their honesty in answering affected the results.

Definition of Terms

Academic Performance. This refers to the extent to which a student, teacher or

institution has achieved their short- or long-term educational goals, commutative SPA

and completion of educational benchmark such as secondary school’s diplomas and

bachelor’s degrees represented academic achievement. This study, this refers to the

grades of the students in EIM subject.

 4

Electrical. This refers to devices, materials, tools, and the things that related to

electricity. Electricity is an energy that flow into the wires and going to the load to work.

Electricity can conduct a heat to while performing to and need a good bind from source to

load to work.

Electrical Installation and Maintenance. It is one of the strands offered in K-12.

In this study, this refers to the major subject of specialization of EIM students where

acquired skills, academic performance, and factors affecting skills acquisition would be

demonstrated in this study to claim that the students was needed more elaboration or

visual, deep understanding, and mostly, the actual performing or hands-on activities to

know what is EIM for. In addition, for major tutor like teachers and professors will take

an advantage while teaching to their learners.

Tracer. Person who has the ability to track changes at an individual level,

following a development intervention. For example, a tracer might be designed to track

individuals who have received vocational training in order to find out whether or how

they use the training, and how their lives progress over time.
 5

Chapter 2

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter present the literature and studies closely related to the present study

which researchers viewed and provided as basis framework in the preparation of their

study.

Related Literature

Electrical installation and maintenance work (EIMW) is a technical vocational

education and training course that capacitate the learners with skills in rural

electrification, domestic installation, electrical testing and instrumentation, machine

maintenance, etc (Shodipe&Ohanu, 2020).

To explain further, described the subject as one which inculcates theory and

practical skills in electrical machine installation and maintenance, fault detection and

repair services on electrical machines and battery charging (Ohanu et al., 2020)

Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) is the foundation for the

entrepreneurial program in technical institutions in Nigeria. TVET courses offered by

students in technical colleges include automobile repair and maintenance, electrical

works, EIMW welding and fabrication, etc (Amedorme and Fiagbe, 2013).

  EIMW is an area of specialization in Vocational and Technical Education

programmed of technical colleges in Nigeria, designed to impart knowledge and practical

skills in different engineering trade areas such as house wiring (conduit and surface), coil

winding and re-winding, electrical gadgets repairs, installation and maintenance of

 6

electrical machines, battery charging, installation and maintenance of electric motors, etc

(Ohanu et al. 2020).

 Vocational curricula provide more practical-oriented training to the students.

Despite the rigorous entrepreneurial training process in technical colleges, many of the

EIMW students roam the street in search of blue-collar jobs in industries backsliding

from the core objectives of entrepreneurial education and training received. Many EIMW

students do not have the intention to become entrepreneurs or rather some lost their

pursuit to become entrepreneurs. (Bhattacharyya and Kumar, 2020).

Related Studies

A. Foreign

Vocational courses offered by technical college students include automotive

repair and maintenance, electrical engineering, electrical installation and maintenance

work (EIMW), welding and manufacturing (Amedore and Fiagbe, 2013).

A large-scale cloud data center needs to provide high service reliability and

availability with low failure occurrence probability. However, current large-scale cloud

data centers still face high failure rates due to many reasons such as hardware and

software failures, which often result in task and job failures. Such failures can severely

reduce the reliability of cloud services and also occupy huge amount of resources to

recover the service from failures. Therefore, it is important to predict task or job failures

before occurrence with high accuracy to avoid unexpected wastage (Jiechao Gao et al.,

2020).
 7

With the dynamic nature of businesses today, the development of technical and

vocational education and training can greatly improve when periodic feedback is given to

help shape the development and implementation of curriculum. After five (5) years of

offering training and technical support to artisans in the informal sector in deprived

communities, in Ghana, by Koforidua Polytechnic through the Institute of Open and

Distance Learning, (IODL) with support from Commonwealth of Learning (COL), this

paper traced graduates of the Artisan Programs from 2010 to 2015(Akuffo et al.,2016).

This paper examines the employment status of the graduates related to their

present occupations. This was done to assist the administrators and faculty in the

enhancement of the Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology program of Palompon

Institute of Technology. The study used the descriptive type of research method with 159

graduates as respondents. The result revealed that majority or more than half (55.34%) of

the total respondents were employed and were working with jobs related to their

specialization. However, there were seven percent (6.92%) of the total respondents were

unemployed as revealed in the study (Montuerto et al., 2019).

The Australia Pacific Training Coalition (APTC) is a major Australian

government foreign aid initiative that commenced in 2008, that has spent over $350

million, and that has turned out over 15,000 graduates with Australian qualifications.

Analysis of graduate tracer surveys shows that employment outcomes for APTC

graduates looking for a job (jobseekers) have worsened markedly over the last decade.

Graduates from each of the seven Pacific countries for whom there is sufficient data show

worsening outcomes over time. Employment outcomes have worsened in part because

APTC has changed the composition of courses it offers towards qualifications with
 8

weaker employer demand, but mainly because of the falling demand for the trades and

hospitality qualifications it has offered since inception (Curtain et al.,2021).

The Technische Universität Dresden (TU Dresden), Faculty of Education and the

Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH) Faculty of Engineering, collaborate for the

period from01.01.2017 to 31.12.2020 in the research and development project "

Strengthening engineering training at Chilean universities through practice partnerships,

STING Project. This paper presents goals, activities and results of the STING Project,

focused on the needs of academic training related to the different pedagogical and

technological aspects that influence the training of engineers in the engineering faculty of

the USACH (Diaz et al., 2020).

B. Local

Over the years, the Technological University of the Philippines sustains the rank

as a highly performing State University in the Philippines in terms of the employability of

the graduate students. This qualitative research aimed to explore the relevance of

competencies of the graduates of Industrial Education from the school year 2013 to 2017.

Convenience sampling techniques were employed in the selection of the respondents. A

validated survey questionnaire was utilized to investigate the necessary educational

competencies and their relevance to the current labor market. The gathered data were

treated statistically using frequency counts, percentage, mean and ranking (Celarta et al.,

2021).

This paper examines the employment status of the graduates related to their

present occupations. This was done to assist the administrators and faculty in the
 9

enhancement of the Bachelor of Science in Industrial Technology program of Palompon

Institute of Technology. The study used the descriptive type of research method with 159

graduates as respondents. The result revealed that majority or more than half (55.34%) of

the total respondents were employed and were working with jobs related to their

specialization (Montuerto et al., 2019).

People live in a rapidly changing world with the diverse demands and challenges.

They additionally call on universities to facilitate the shift to cognizance-predicated

economy and high-technology through efficacious linkages between research and

industry to ascertain that their countries have a competitive edge in the ecumenical

market. This study used the descriptive method of research and survey questionnaire as

the main data gathering instrument to trace the Batangas State University-College of

Industrial Technology graduates of the Bachelor of Industrial Technology program from

2013-2016. Based from the findings, the Bachelor of Industrial Technology graduates

mostly were male, 20-24 years old, single and graduates of Instrumentation and Control

Technology. In term of educational profile, the Bachelor of Industrial Technology

graduates across major of specialization have no professional examination but they are

willing to pursue advance studies for professional development. (Del Rosario, 2019).

The study's purpose was to examine the employment characteristics of teacher

education graduates from the classes of 2013 to 2017. Specifically, to explore a

graduate's perception of the extent of the relevance of their chosen program curriculum

learning areas to employment, and the extent of the use of competencies and values they

learned at university. A survey study design that is descriptive was utilized in the study

with a random sample of 179 graduates identified as the primary study respondents.
 10

Based on the results, the majority of respondents were employed with permanent or

regular employment status and worked locally within the region (Cornillez et al., 2021)

The main objective of the study is to determine the present employment status of

the graduates of BS Electrical Engineering from 2007 – 2010. It established among

others, the level of employment, professional registration, labor mobility, job satisfaction

and utilization of skills. The study also assessed the relevance of the Electrical

Engineering program outcomes and school factors to the world of work. The study had

79 respondents which were purposively selected because they used the same curriculum.

A big number of graduates are passers of licensure examination and other certificates and

attend to various relevant trainings. Significantly, findings revealed that the graduates are

highly employable in a wide range of industry such as Consultancy, Design and

Inspection, Operation, Maintenance and Repair and Electric Utility and holding a

position that varies from supervisor, designer, academician, technician, and staff engineer

(Pontillas, 2018).
 11

Conceptual Framework

This study focused on identifying the significant relationship of the Tracer Study

among the EIM Senior High School Students of La Paz National High School S.Y 2017-

2019. As shown in figure 1, the study was undertaken to describe the demographic profile

of the respondents and up to the implication of the study. This study also explored some

reasons related to respondents’ status. From the results of the study, the researcher came

up with a proposed pedagogical use of tracer study in identifying the respondents’ career

and whereabouts.

Demographic Respondents Status

Profile
Studying
Respondents’ Information Working

Implication of the
Study

Skills
Knowledge

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

 12

Chapter 3

METHODS OF STUDY AND SOURCES OF DATA

This chapter present the methods of research, the subject study, the method of

gathering data, the research instrument or tools and the statistical treatment of the

gathered data.

Research Design

This research will describe the graduate students in EIM strand in S.Y 2017-

2019 if they apply their skills in EIM after they graduate that is why we used descriptive

research design that aims to systematically obtain information to describe a phenomenon,

situation or population.

Sources of Data

The primary and secondary sources were drawn in obtaining the essential data

needed in this research. The primary sources were the students graduated for the past 3

(3) years of EIM graduates of La Paz National High School Year 2017-2019. Books,

articles and unpublished thesis and internet were the secondary sources of data.

Methods of Gathering Data

This data we gather is all about EIM student graduate year 2017-2019, first do the

survey form then we gather the data about EIM strand then we survey EIM student

graduate house to house, and some student are far away we ask them about their life now

and also some information like what is work now hubby in life also there name and
 13

others this EIM student graduate survey are so good because we learned something that

we all need to focus our study for the future.

Statistical Treatment

Data is the act of taking raw data and turning it into something that can be

interpreted and used to make decisions. This process is important for businesses because

it allows them to take customer feedback and turn it into actionable insights.

What method or process

Elaborate further

Lack of explanation
 14

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter present analyzes and interprets the data obtained from the

respondent/subjects though the questionnaire checklist and competency test. The

presentation is done according to the problem raised in the study. (1). What are the

demographic profiles of the respondents? 1.1 Gender, (2). What are their educational

attainments now? 2.1 Studying 2.2 Working (3). What is the implication of the study?

1. Demographic Profile of Respondents

Table 1

Demographic Profile of Respondents

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 46 92%

Female 4 8%

Total 50 100%

The frequency of males is 46 which is equal to 92% of the respondents. On the

other hand, the frequency of the females is 4 which is equal to 8% of the respondents. All

in all, the sum of all respondents is 40 which equates to 100%.

 15

2. Educational Attainment of the Respondents

Table 2
Educational Attainment of the Respondents
Status Frequency Percentage
Studying 10 20%
Working 40 80%
Total 50 100

In educational attainment 20% of the respondents are currently studying and

taking the program that is connected to the EIM strand. While the 80% are working, but

they’re using the knowledge, they got while they are studying.

Data Analysis

In gathering all data, the researchers use questionnaire to gather all the data they

needed. The researchers used a Likert Scale to express different verbal interpretations

into numerical data more easily. Samples from a selected respondent were given surveys

with answers college and vocational. Data is collected and analyzed statistically in order

to validate the quantitative findings of the study.

3. Implication of the Study

EIM supports inquiry into higher practice and exploration of improvement

opportunities, improving student learning, and possible contributions to society. It is

possible to find generic design advice for each type of interaction that can help tailor the

model to specific development contexts. This study utilizes descriptive method of

research to determine the factors. It would see if dependent variables relating to

 16

personality, family/relatives, interests and job opportunities were significant factors

influencing the track preferences of the respondents.

Chapter 5

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The study's final remarks were presented in this chapter. The study was examined

in light of the previous chapters' hypotheses and limitations giving an overview of the

results of the survey. In addition, recommendations were made for further improving the

study in terms of aspects that could be explored in future research.

Summary of Findings

1. Demographic profile of the Respondents

1.1 The frequency of males is 46 which is equal to 92% of the respondents. On

the other hand, the frequency of the females is 4 which is equal to 8% of the respondents.

2. Educational attainment of the Respondents

Twenty 20% of the respondents are currently studying and taking the program

that is connected to the EIM strand. While the 80% are working, but they are using the

knowledge, they got while they are studying.

This study aims to trace the graduate of the EIM strand if they still schooling,

working or self-employed. This study used descriptive quantitative research. Majority

 17

male are the gender of the respondents which is equal to 46 has 92% frequency while

female is 4 has 8% frequency. Educational attainment of the respondents 20% of the

respondents currently studying and taking the program that is connected to the EIM

strand while 80% are working using the knowledge of electricity.

3. Implication of the Study

The findings of the researchers from the tracer study will assist graduate student

in adjusting necessary practices in the EIM programs of La Paz National High School's

Senior High School. This research's findings will also help La Paz National High

School's graduating EIM Senior High School students choose their future career paths.

Future researchers who want to study a topic related to this research may find this useful

in comparing data. Tracer studies are often designed to track changes at an individual

level, following a development intervention. A tracer study might be designed to track

individuals who have received vocational training in order to find out whether or how

they use the training, and how their lives progress over time.
 18

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Online Sources

[Link]
09vW1KyL0mr5GH2vQXv_nQ

[Link]
nf7aRetnq3jxFmpqGjhziNIdDCkRMw

[Link]
mportance_Advantages_Disadvantages_Methods_Gathering_Procedure_Findings?
fbclid=IwAR2Zf7K1bJ8ymw27FYloH7d6ZFt91NZfZV7uH8xrRSl7WOvH2JBwRDgnv
Hw

[Link]
jxFmpqGjhziNIdDCkRMw

[Link]
09vW1KyL0mr5GH2vQXv_nQ

[Link]
nf7aRetnq3jxFmpqGjhziNIdDCkRMw

[Link]
mportance_Advantages_Disadvantages_Methods_Gathering_Procedure_Findings?
fbclid=IwAR2Zf7K1bJ8ymw27FYloH7d6ZFt91NZfZV7uH8xrRSl7WOvH2JBwRDgnv
Hw

[Link]
jxFmpqGjhziNIdDCkRMw
 19

APPENDICES
 20

Appendix A
Request Letter of the Principal
ALEXANDER R. AMIGO
Secondary School Principal II
La Paz National High School

Sir:
We have the honor to request permission from your good office to administer the
survey/questioner checklist on the “Tracer Study Among the EIM Senior High School
Students of La Paz National High School S.Y 2017-2019. We are enrolled in the
Practical Research 2 subject of La Paz National High School in San Roque, La Paz,
Tarlac. Rest assured that the information that will be gather and unearth will be treated
with utmost confidentiality result shall be held in strict confidence to safeguard the
welfare and the smooth operation of the school.
We look forward with gratitude for your favourable action in this request
Respectfully yours,

Jessie E. Andallena jr
Jasfer P. Briones
Gabriel Luis M. Cahimbing
Jess Nico C. Carlos
Jomar D. Espino
Henry P. Fabrero
Kian Gehard S. Gozun
Lorenz G. Jose
John Anthony L. Sabanal
Dexter M. Sahagun
Xyrell Kent Nathaniel C. Salta
Mico U. Ymana

Researchers

Noted: Checked by:

BALDOMERO R. BORJE JR., PhD JUANA CONCEPCION B. RAZON
Practical Research 2 Adviser Assistant School Principal II
Field Research Coordinator
Approved:
 21

ALEXANDER R. AMIGO
Secondary School Principal II
Appendix B
Tracer Study Questionnaire

Name:_________

Permanent Address:_________

Email Address:(if any) ________

Telephone or Contact Number: _______________

Civil Status
(   )Single
(    ) Single Parent     
(   ) Married
(   ) Married but not living with spouse
(   ) Born a child but not married
(   ) With spouse

6. Sex:
Male/Female

7. Birthday : ____________________

8. Educational Attainment
College: ___________
Vocational:_________

Degree(s) Specialization(s) in College: ______________

 22

Professional Skills: (kindly write only which is applicable to you)

____________________
Appendix C
`Respondents Overall Response

Table 1

Demographic Profile of Respondents

Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 46 92%

Female 4 8%

Total 50 100%

Table 2
Educational Attainment of the Respondents
Status Frequency Percentage
Studying 10 20%
Working 40 80%
Total 50 100
 23

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Jessie E. Andallena Jr.

Date of Birth: December 13, 2004

Place of Birth: San Roque, La Paz, Tarlac

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parent: Mother Janet Andallena

: Father Jessie Andallena Sr.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: Engracio M. Castañeda Central Elementary School

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 24

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Jasfer P. Briones

Date of Birth: September 15, 2004

Place of Birth: San Isidro, La Paz, Tarlac

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parent: Mother Daisy P. Briones

: Father Zaldy D. Briones

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: Sierra Elementary School

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 25

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Gabriel Luis M. Cahimbing

Date of Birth: December 30, 2004

Place of Birth: Brgy Sierra, La Paz, Tarlac

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parent: Mother Elizabeth M. Cahimbing

: Father Garrylou M. Cahimbing

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: San Isidro Elementary school

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 26

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Jess Nico C. Carlos

Date of Birth: May 25, 2004

Place of Birth: Tarlac City, Tarlac

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parent: Mother Gemma C. Carlos

: Father Ernesto M. Carlos

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: Balanoy, La Paz, Tarlac

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 27

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Jomar D. Espino

Date of Birth: June 4, 2003

Place of Birth: Balanoy, La Paz, Tarlac

Civil Status: Single

Name of parent: Mother Marilyn Del Rosario

: Father Teodoro Espino Jr.

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: (BALES) Balanoy Elementary School

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 28

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Henry P. Fabrero

Date of Birth: November 15, 1999

Place of Birth: Gloria, Mindoro, Oriental

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parent: Mother Yolanda Panlilio Fabrero

: Father Henreqe Fabrero

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: (BALES) Balanoy Elementary School

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 29

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Kian Gehard S. Gozun

Date of Birth: October 29, 2004

Place of Birth: San Roque, La Paz, Tarlac

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parent: Mother Joanna Salceda Gozun

: Father Jayson Gozun

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: Engracio M. Castañeda Central Elementary School

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 30

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Lorenz G. Jose

Date of Birth: June 12, 2005

Place of Birth: Padapada, Sta. Ignacia, Tarlac

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parent: Mother Marina G. Jose

: Father Luisito N. Jose

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: Caramutan Elementary School

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 31

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: John Anthony L. Sabanal

Date of Birth: September 29, 2004

Place of Birth: Cabalawan, Magsaysay,

Misamis, Oriental

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parent: Mother Elizabeth Lumen Coronel

: Father Montano Dy Sabanal

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: San Vicente Elementary School

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 32

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Dexter M. Sahagun

Date of Birth: November 30, 2004

Place of Birth: Matayumtayum, La Paz, Tarlac

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parent: Mother Melissa M. Sahagun

: Father Danilo M. Sahagun

Educational Attainment:

Elementary: Matayumtayum Elementary School

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 33

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Xyrell Kent Nathaniel C. Salta

Date of Birth: October 08, 2003

Place of Birth: Matayumtayum, La Paz, Tarlac

Civil Status: Single

Name of parent: Mother Chonalyn C. Salta

: Father Eugene C. Salta

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: Matayumtayum Elementary School

Secondary: La Paz National High School

 34

CURRICULUM VITAE

Name: Mico U. Ymana

Date of Birth: June 21, 2005

Place of Birth: San Roque, La Paz, Tarlac

Civil Status: Single

Name of Parent: Mother Gloria U. Ymana

: Father Jose F. Ymana

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Elementary: Engracio M. Castañeda Central Elementary School

Secondary: La Paz National High School

35