Language policy - Are expressions of a long lasting ‘linguistic culture’ that are in accord with the brunt of
local historical experience and aspiration (Schiffman, 1996).
1973 constitution - SEC. 3. (1) This Constitution shall be officially promulgated in English and in Pilipino,
and translated into each dialect spoken by over fifty thousand people, and into Spanish and Arabic. In
case of conflict, the English text shall prevail.
Execute order 335 - President Corazon Aquino ordered in 1998 all government departments to take
steps in using the Filipino language in transactions communications and correspondence
1987 constitution - Sections 6 and 7 of Article XIV outline the main language policy in the country
SECTION 6. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino. As it evolves, it shall be further developed
and enriched on the basis of existing Philippine and other languages.
(2) The Batasang Pambansa shall take steps towards the development and formal adoption of a common
national language to be known as Filipino.
(3) Until otherwise provided by law, English and Pilipino shall be the official languages.
Unesco - has encouraged mother tongue-based instruction in primary education since 1953, and since
1980s studies have corroborated the wide-ranging advantages of conducting early education in children’s
mother tongues.
United nations educational and scientific cultural organization – meaning of unesco
Language policy - is what a government does either officially through legislation, court decisions or
policy to determine how languages are used, cultivate language skills needed to meet national priorities
or to establish the rights of individuals or groups to use and maintain languages.
Subtractive bilingualism –
Sub-coordinate Bilingualism- refers to a situation in which an individual knows two languages but has
one dominant language.
Thomasites - Thomasite teachers, the first of whom arrived in 1901 on the SS Thomas), to develop a
primary school curriculum and teaching materials where none had existed through centuries of Spanish
colonialism. The fact that it was in English meant that it could be used throughout the Philippines, i.e. in
Tagalog speaking areas in the north as well as the Visayan and Mindanao areas in the south
Diversity - the condition of being composed of different elements; the inclusion of different types of
people such as people of different races or cultures.
Culture - the customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group; also
: the characteristic features of everyday.
Globalization - globalization allowing languages and their cultures to spread and dominate on a global
scale, it also leads to the extinction of other languages and cultures. Language contributes to the
formation of culture, such as through vocabulary, greetings or humor. Language is in a sense the
substance of culture.
- is the word used to describe the growing interdependence of the world’s economies, cultures, and
populations, brought about by cross-border trade in goods and services, technology, and flows of
investment, people, and information.
Cultural development- always accompanies developments in human history; human beings create and
are molded by culture.
Human life- • This diversity of culture enriches human life and supports human development.
Supports human development -
Western culture- In developing countries, particularly in the Philippines, the crux of social problems lies
in the taken for granted reality that institutions – polity, economy, education, communication and
religion – have largely been imposed on colonized people. Western culture which has come through the
formal educational system is what I call the ‘dominant culture’, a culture so powerful because its main
symbols are money and high technology.
- The imbibed Western culture has its roots as far back as the enlightenment in Europe which spawned
all kinds of revolutions – the scientific and the industrial revolution. Since then the ‘factory’ has become
the metaphor of social life operating on the concept of ‘division of labor’. Transferred to educational life,
the linear rationalistic style of thinking brings students from classroom to classroom and at the end, they
are called ‘products’.
Sociolinguistics - It is the study of sociological aspects of language.
Concerned with what role language plays in maintaining the social roles in a community.
Language is ever-changing and as a result, language is not uniform or constant.
-This means that it is concerned with language as used for communication amongst different social
groups of people in different social situations
Bilingualism - It is the ability of an individual to use two languages effectively.
Multilingualism - Is pertaining to an individual who is able to speak multiple languages.
Code switching- Code switching is defined as the use of language of more than one language.
Occurs more frequently in conversation than in writing
The practice of moving back in forth between two language or between two dialects /register same
language.
Language shift - It means the process, or the event, in which a population hanges from using one
language to another.
It is due to underlying changes in the composition and aspirations of the society, which goes
from speaking the old to the new language.
Language revival – Language revival usually describes situations where a language has suffered some
loss or shift to a dominant language and there are people attempting to return it to greater use. Three
levels of language revival
Language Death - Language death is a linguistic term for the end or extinction of a language
Intra sentential code mixing - Intra- Sentential code mixing - this kind of code mixing occurs within a
phrase, a clause or a sentence boundary.
Code mixing - Code mixing refers to the transfer of linguistic elements or words from one language to
another or mixed together
Code mixing is possible in bilingual or multilingual environment
This is mainly used informal interaction
