NCM103 – FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING PRACTICE (FUNDA)

Name: Francine Dominique M. Collantes Course & Year: BSN1 Date: February 13, 2023

Chapter Test: Historical Perspectives of Nursing Practice

Direction: Read and understand the question or statement and be able to supply the information
being asked, be able to support your answer with evidences and examples.
1. Discuss the statement: Through the years, the nursing profession's struggle for autonomy and
professionalism is loud. (5 pts.)
 When it comes to the nursing profession's struggle for autonomy, this is quite difficult
because there are instances where patients make independent decisions, but the effect on
them is not always good. As a result of this action, nurses were the ones who took the blame
because they were the ones who always accompanied the patients. Nurses should ensure
that patients are informed and have access to all the information they need to make
decisions about their medical treatment. The patient's choice is not influenced by the
nurses. Nurses should respect the decisions made by patients.
 Nursing professionalism should not be ignored because it is how the nurses see their jobs
and serves as a model for their conduct in their field to ensure patients' safety and high-
quality treatment for them. Patient health outcomes that are poorly managed can limit a
nurse's opportunities for advancement and career development. When nurses perform
professionally, patients receive better treatment, team communication improves,
accountability among all practitioners increases, and the whole clinical environment
improves.

2. Describe the evolution of nursing profession and be able to mention the personalities who made
a mark in the history. (10 pts.)
 The evolution of the nursing profession has evolved throughout the years. From the founder
of modern nursing practice, which was Florence Nightingale, up to the recent nurses who
have made great contributions to the profession, the said profession really underwent such
tremendous evolution. Because of the changes and innovations in nursing practice, there
are many personalities who have made different marks and contributions to the history of
nursing. Its origin and evolution turned nursing into one of the most respected health care
professions.
 I should start with the Matriarch of Modern Nursing Practice, Florence Nightingale. She
was also called "The Lady with the Lamp" because of her contributions made during the
Crimean War, which was the battle between the alliance of Britain, France, Turkey, and
Sardinia against Russia. She was the one who looked for the wounded soldiers and helped
to heal them with her consoling hands. Nightingale was also a skilled statistician when she
presented her case for hospital reform. Her usage of numbers broke through rumor and
innuendo, while graphics provided real proof to back up her proposals for patient care
improvements.
 Next was Virginia Henderson; she was also known as "The First Lady of Nursing," "The
Nightingale of Modern Nursing," "Modern-Day Mother of Nursing," and "The 20th
Century Florence Nightingale." Henderson was the developer of the Nursing Need Theory,
which defines the unique focus of nursing practice. Her theory focuses on the importance
of increasing the patient’s independence to hasten their progress in the hospital. This
theory emphasizes the basic human needs and how nurses can meet those needs.
 Lastly, one of the nursing theorists who also made contributions to nursing practice was
Patricia Benner. Benner’s model was Skill Acquisition in Nursing from Novice to Expert.
This model maintains that knowledge emanates over time in a practice discipline and is
developed through experiential learning, situated thinking, and reflection in particular
practice situations.
 In conclusion, there are many other personalities related to nursing who have made
contributions to the profession. The nursing profession is still going through a development
where newer studies and research have contributed to efficient holistic care. Because of
the advanced knowledge and clinical experiences needed to become holistic primary care
providers, nursing has truly emerged as a profession.
 3. Continuing professional development is a professional responsibility of nurses and other
professionals in any disciplines, do you agree or disagree? Explain. (10 pts.)
 Yes, I agree on the said statement because the nurses and other professionals in any
disciplines should have a way of planning the development that links learning directly to
practice of their professional responsibility. It can help individuals grow more self-
assured, more reputable in their field, and more inventive in how they handle new issues.
The CPD can help them to manage their own learning and growth, and can have the
benefits that professional development can bring them in the real world. The goal of CPD
is to make it possible for nurses and other professionals across all fields to continuously
replenish and inform their knowledge and expertise, to improve evidence-based practice,
and to ultimately make sure they can satisfy patient or client needs and deliver services in
a practice setting that is continually shifting.

4. Discuss the four (4) major areas within the scope of nursing practice, be able to present your
answer in the matrix provided. (25 pts.)

Area of Nursing Practice Goal of Care Examples of Nursing Activities

➢ improving nutrition and
the patient having health physical fitness
treatments could not even ➢ preventing drug and alcohol
Promoting Health and Wellness be ill; instead, they are misuse
aiming to improve their ➢ restricting smoking
quality of life ➢ preventing accidents and injury
in the home and workplace

➢ immunizations
prevention of disease or ➢ prenatal and infant care
Disease Prevention
illness ➢ prevention of sexually
transmitted disease
focuses on the ill client; ➢ administering medications
provides direct care to the ➢ taking baths
Health Restoration
ill person; referred to as ➢ giving specific procedures and
hospital nursing treatments
➢ supporting and comforting the
patient and their family by
educating them on what they
an area of nursing practice might expect to happen during
which involves comforting this time
Caring for the Dying
the patient and his or her ➢ addressing their questions and
family concerns honestly
➢ being an active listener
➢ providing emotional support
and guidance

5. Nurses assume several roles, often concurrently, while providing care to clients. These roles
include caregiver, communicator, teacher, client advocate, counselor, change agent, leader,
manager, case manager, and research consumer. Discuss each of these nurses' role and be able
to support your answer with example/s. (2 pts. each)
a. caregiver – this role includes activities such as assisting the client physically and
psychologically; a nurse may provide care directly or indirectly
✓ examples: managing physical needs, preventing illness, and treating health conditions

b. communicator – this is important aspect of all nursing roles; the nurse may communicate
to other health care providers to meet the client’s health care needs
✓ examples: informing patients and family members of health conditions, diagnoses,
treatment plans, and medication protocols
c. teacher – primarily teach prospective nursing professionals’ clinical skills, patient care
methods, and best collaboration practices; they also take on several additional
responsibilities revolving around both the academic and research side of the profession
✓ examples: instructing hospital research; guiding students through clinical rotations;
designing and evaluating program curricula; researching related topics; maintaining
clinical skills and certifications

d. client advocate – nurse also acts to protect the client; represents the needs of the client to
other health care providers; and assists the client to exercise the patients’ rights
✓ examples: ensuring safety; listening to concerns; educating patients; checking for
errors; informing the health care team

e. counselor – nurse may also need to provide emotional, intellectual, and psychological
support; process of helping a client to recognize and cope with stressful psychologic or
social problems, to developed improved interpersonal relationships, and to promote
personal growth
✓ examples: encouraging the patient to speak out, tactfully sounding out the patient's
concerns and knowledge of impending surgery, listening to feedback, and building a
positive vision of the future for the patient

f. change agent – a coach who utilizes behaviors such as role modeling, guidance, and
facilitation to inspire peers and nurse leaders to adopt change; positive change agents can
provide a forum for influencing and supporting others toward successful program
implementation in healthcare organizations
✓ examples: to be a leader is to effect change in people's behaviors; when nurses suggest
that families adopt healthier communication patterns, they are asking them to change;
teaching parenting skills to teenagers is introducing a change

g. leader – nurse may need to motivate people at different levels, such as individual client,
family, groups of clients, colleagues, or the community; these leadership positions may be
strictly managerial or involve a combination of clinical and administrative responsibilities
✓ examples: human resources and financial management; quality-of-care standards;
organizational goals; patient and nurse advocacy

h. manager – nurse manages other health care workers by delegating other tasks,
supervising, and evaluating performances
✓ examples: responsible for managing human and financial resources; ensuring patient
and staff satisfaction; maintaining a safe environment for staff, patients, and visitors;
ensuring standards and quality of care are maintained; and aligning the unit's goals
with the hospital's strategic goals

i. case manager – nurse measures the effectiveness of the case management plan and
monitor outcomes; nurse case manager develops, implements, and reviews healthcare
plans for patients that are geriatric, recovering from serious injuries, or dealing with
chronic illnesses; case managers work both within and outside of a hospital or medical
facility
✓ examples: create and manage the plan of care for patients with chronic or serious
conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, Alzheimer's, and cancer; advocate for
personalized treatment options that address a patient's unique care needs

j. research consumer – nurse utilizes research evidenced care in the provision of nursing
care; role of the nurse as a knowledgeable research consumer is being able to research
evidence and determine if the research is appropriate to be used in a clinical setting from
existing standards
✓ examples: studying various aspects of health, illness, and health care; designing and
implementing scientific studies
6. More than a vocation, nursing is a well-established discipline or profession, explain by creating
a concept map, identify the criteria for saying nursing is a profession. (5 pts.)