Proposed Floor Area
Extension ‐ Technical
Specifications
Structural works
2/26/2019
Engr. John Neil G. Mitra
Proposed Floor Area Extension Specifications and Scope of
Works_____________________________________
Table of Contents
CLEARING AND GRUBBING ........................................................................................................................... 4
A.1 SCOPE OF WORK ...................................................................................................................... 4
A.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS ............................................................................................. 4
A. GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................... 4
A.1 SCOPE OF WORK ...................................................................................................................... 4
B. EXECUTION ........................................................................................................................................ 5
B.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................. 5
B.2 UTILIZATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS ................................................................................ 5
B.3 BACKFILL AND EMBANKMENT ................................................................................................. 6
CONCRETE FORMWORKS .............................................................................................................................. 6
A. GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 6
A.1 SCOPE OF WORK ...................................................................................................................... 6
B. PRODUCTS ......................................................................................................................................... 7
B.1 MATERIALS ............................................................................................................................... 7
C. EXECUTION ........................................................................................................................................ 7
C.1 ERECTION OF FORMS ............................................................................................................... 7
C.2 REMOVAL OF FORMS ............................................................................................................... 7
STEEL REINFORCEMENT ................................................................................................................................ 8
A. GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................... 8
A.1 SCOPE OF WORK ...................................................................................................................... 8
B. PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................................................. 8
B.1 GENERAL .................................................................................................................................. 8
B. 2 BAR REINFORCEMENT ............................................................................................................... 8
C. EXECUTION ............................................................................................................................................ 8
C.1 PROTECTION OF MATERIAL ...................................................................................................... 8
C.2 PLACING AND FASTENING ........................................................................................................ 8
C.3 SPLICING ................................................................................................................................... 9
CAST‐IN‐PLACE CONCRETE .......................................................................................................................... 10
A. GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................. 10
A.1 SECTION INCLUDES ................................................................................................................ 10
A.2 RELATED SECTIONS ................................................................................................................ 10
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A.3 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 10
B. PRODUCTS ........................................................................................................................................... 10
B.1 CONCRETE MATERIALS ........................................................................................................... 10
B.2 CONCRETE MIX ....................................................................................................................... 11
C. EXECUTION ...................................................................................................................................... 11
C.1 EXAMINATION ........................................................................................................................ 11
C.2 PREPARATION ........................................................................................................................ 11
C.3 PLACING CONCRETE ............................................................................................................... 11
C.4 CONCRETE FINISHING ............................................................................................................ 12
C.5 CURING AND PROTECTION .................................................................................................... 12
C.6 PATCHING ............................................................................................................................... 13
C.7 DEFECTIVE CONCRETE ............................................................................................................ 13
REINFORCED MASONRY .............................................................................................................................. 14
A. GENERAL ......................................................................................................................................... 14
A.1 REFERENCE STANDARDS: ....................................................................................................... 14
A.2 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING: .................................................................................... 14
B. PRODUCTS ....................................................................................................................................... 14
B.1 MASONRY UNITS: .................................................................................................................... 14
B.2 DEFORMED REINFORCING BARS: ............................................................................................ 14
B.3 MATERIALS FOR MORTAR AND GROUT: ................................................................................. 14
C. EXECUTION ...................................................................................................................................... 15
C.1 PREPARATION ........................................................................................................................ 15
C.2 LAYING MASONRY UNIT: ........................................................................................................ 15
C.3 PLACING REINFORCING STEEL: ............................................................................................... 15
C.4 PLACING GROUT ..................................................................................................................... 16
C.5 POINTING AND CLEANING: .................................................................................................... 16
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CLEARING AND GRUBBING
A.1 SCOPE OF WORK
This item shall consist of clearing, grubbing, removing and disposing all vegetation and
debris as designated in the Contract, except those objects that are designated to remain
in place or are to be removed in consonance with other provisions of this Specification.
The work shall also include the preservation from injury or defacement of all objects
designated to remain.
A.2 CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS
A.2. General
The Engineer will establish the limits of work and designate all trees, shrubs, plants and
other things to remain. The Contractor shall preserve all objects designated to remain.
A.2.2 Clearing and Grubbing
All surface objects shall be cleared and/or grubbed, including mowing as required, except
as provided below:
(1) Removal of undisturbed stumps and roots and nonperishable solid objects with
a minimum depth of one (1) meter below subgrade or slope of embankment will not
be required.
(2) In areas outside of the grading limits of cut and embankment areas, stumps
and nonperishable solid objects shall be cut off not more than 150 mm (6 inches)
above the ground line or low water level.
(3) In areas to be rounded at the top of cut slopes, stumps shall be cut off flush with or
below the surface of the final slope line.
(4) Grubbing of pits, channel changes and ditches will be required only to the
depth necessitated by the proposed excavation within such areas.
A. GENERAL
A.1 SCOPE OF WORK
This Item shall consist of the necessary excavation for the building structure. not
otherwise provided for in this document
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B. EXECUTION
B.1 GENERAL
The Contractor shall notify the Engineer sufficiently in advance of the beginning of
any excavation so that cross‐sectional elevations and measurements may be taken on
the undisturbed ground. The natural ground adjacent to the structure shall not be
disturbed without permission of the Engineer.
Trenches or foundation pits for structures or structure footings shall be excavated
to the lines and grades or elevations shown on the Plans or as staked by the Engineer.
They shall be of sufficient size to permit the placing of structures or structure footings of
the full width and length shown. The elevations of the bottoms of footings, as shown
on the Plans, shall be considered as approximate only and the Engineer may order, in
writing, such changes in dimensions or elevations of footings as may be deemed
necessary, to secure a satisfactory foundation.
Boulders, logs, and other objectionable materials encountered in excavation
shall be removed.
After each excavation is completed, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer to
that effect and no footing, bedding material or pipe culvert shall be placed until the
Engineer has approved the depth of excavation and the character of the foundation
material.
All rock or other hard foundation materials shall be cleaned all loose materials, and
cut to a firm surface, either level, stepped, or serrated as directed by the Engineer. All
seams or crevices shall be cleaned and grouted. All loose and disintegrated rocks and
thin strata shall be removed. When the footing is to rest on material other than
rock, excavation to final grade shall not be made until just before the footing is to be
placed. When the foundation material is soft or mucky or otherwise unsuitable, as
determined by the Engineer, the Contractor shall remove the unsuitable material
and backfill with approved granular material. This foundation fill shall be placed and
compacted in 150 mm (6 inches) layers up to the foundation elevation.
When foundation piles are used, the excavation of each pit shall be completed before
the piles are driven and any placing of foundation fill shall be done after the piles are
driven. After the driving is completed, all loose and displaced materials shall be
removed, leaving a smooth, solid bed to receive the footing.
B.2 UTILIZATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS
All excavated materials, so far as suitable, shall be utilized as backfill or embankment.
The surplus materials shall be disposed off in such manner as not to obstruct the
stream or otherwise impair the efficiency or appearance of the structure. No
excavated materials shall be deposited at any time so as to endanger the partly finished
structure.
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B.3 BACKFILL AND EMBANKMENT
Excavated areas around structures shall be backfilled with free draining granular
material approved by the Engineer and placed in horizontal layers not over 150
mm (6 inches) in thickness, to the level of the original ground surface. Each layer shall
be moistened or dried as required and thoroughly compacted with mechanical tampers.
CONCRETE FORMWORKS
A. GENERAL
A.1 SCOPE OF WORK
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This work includes the furnishing of all materials, equipment and labor required to
complete all concrete form work.
B. PRODUCTS
B.1 MATERIALS
Wood, plywood, metal or other approved materials that will not adversely affect the
surface of the concrete and that will produce or facilitate obtaining the specified surface
finish of the concrete.
(1) Wood
a. Unexposed concrete surface: Sound dressed and seasoned good quality
common lumber or better.
b. Exposed concrete surfaces: Dressed and matched boards uniformly thick and
not more than 254 mm (10") wide.
(2) Plywood
Commercial‐standard,moisture‐resistant (marine), concrete‐form plywood, not
less than 6‐ply and at least 12 mm thick.
C. EXECUTION
C.1 ERECTION OF FORMS
Use forms that conform to shape, lines and dimensions shown on the drawings. They
shall be substantially designed to resist the pressure and weight of the concrete and be
properly tied and braced or shored so as to maintain position and shape. They shall be
sufficiently tight to prevent leakage of mortar.
Provide temporary openings where necessary to facilitate cleaning and inspection
immediately before depositing.
C.2 REMOVAL OF FORMS
Exercise due care while stripping forms and protect corners subsequently against chipping
or other damages. Forms shall be readily removable without hammering or prying against
the concrete.
Forms shall not be removed without approval from the Engineer and in no case until the
members have acquired sufficient strength to support their weight and load thereon.
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STEEL REINFORCEMENT
A. GENERAL
A.1 SCOPE OF WORK
This work shall consist of furnishing, fabricating and placing of steel reinforcement of the
type, size, shape and grade required in accordance with the Specifications and in
conformance with the requirements shown on the drawings or as directed by the
Engineer.
B. PRODUCTS
B.1 GENERAL
All materials shall conform to the requirements hereinafter given.
B. 2 BAR REINFORCEMENT
Reinforcing steel bars for concrete reinforcement shall not be less than Grade 40for 10
and 12mm bars and Grade 60 for 16mm bars and larger. All reinforcing bars shall be new,
free from rust, oil, grease, defects, or kinks.
C. EXECUTION
C.1 PROTECTION OF MATERIAL
Steel reinforcement shall be protected at all times from deterioration. When placed in
the work, it shall be free from dirt, detrimental scale, paint, oil or other foreign matter.
However, when steel has, on its surface, easily removable and detrimental rust, loose
scale, or dust, it shall be cleaned by a satisfactory method.
C.2 PLACING AND FASTENING
All steel reinforcement shall be accurately placed in the position shown on the drawings
or required by the Engineer and firmly held there during the placing and setting of the
concrete. Bars shall be tied at all intersections except where spacing is less than 300 mm
in each direction, when alternate intersections shall be tied. Ties shall be fastened on the
inside.
Distance from the forms shall be maintained by means of stays, blocks, ties, hangers, or
other approved supports. Blocks for holding reinforcement from contact with the forms
shall be precast mortar blocks of approved shape and dimensions or approved chairs.
Layers of bars shall be separated by precast mortar blocks or by other equally suitable
devices. The use of pebbles, pieces of broken stone or brick, metal pipe and wooden
blocks or metal chairs shall not be permitted unless otherwise shown on the drawings or
required by the Engineer, the minimum distances between bars shall be 25 mm.
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C.3 SPLICING
All reinforcement shall be furnished in the full lengths indicated on the drawings. Splicing
of bars, except where shown on the drawings, will not be permitted without the written
approval of the Engineer. Splices shall be staggered as far as possible and with a minimum
separation of not less than 40 bar diameters. Not more than one third of the bars may
be spliced the same cross‐section, except where shown on the drawings.
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CAST‐IN‐PLACE CONCRETE
A. GENERAL
A.1 SECTION INCLUDES
Cast‐in‐place concrete building frame members, floors, shear walls,foundation walls and
supported slabs.
Floors and slabs on grade.
A.2 RELATED SECTIONS
See sections on Concrete Formwork and Steel Reinforcement.
A.3 REFERENCES
ACI 301 ‐ Structural Concrete for Buildings.
ACI 305R ‐ Hot Weather Concreting.
ACI 308 ‐ Standard Practice for Curing Concrete.
ACI 318 ‐ Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete.
ACI 614 ‐ Recommended Practice for Measuring, Mixing and Placing Concrete.
ASTM C33 ‐ Concrete Aggregates.
ASTM C150 ‐ Portland Cement.
B. PRODUCTS
B.1 CONCRETE MATERIALS
B.1.1 Cement: ASTM C150 or PNS 07.
Type I for all ordinary uses
B.1.2 Fine and Coarse Aggregates:
ASTM C33 or PNS 18.
B.1.3 Water
Clean and not detrimental to concrete.
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B.2 CONCRETE MIX
Mix and deliver concrete in accordance with ASTM C94.
Select proportions for normal weight concrete in accordance with ACI 301.
Provide concrete to the following criteria
Unit Measurement
Compressive Strength (28 day) 28Mpa
Aggregate Size (maximum) 3/4 inch
Slump ‐ Plus or minus 1 inch (25 mm) 50 mm and 100 mm.
C. EXECUTION
C.1 EXAMINATION
Verify site conditions.
Verify requirements for concrete cover over reinforcement.
Verify that anchors, seats, plates, reinforcement and other items to be cast into concrete
are accurately placed, positioned securely, and will not cause hardship in placing
concrete.
C.2 PREPARATION
Prepare previously placed concrete by cleaning with steel brush and applying bonding
agent in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
In locations where new concrete is dowelled to existing work, drill holes in existing
concrete, insert steel dowels and pack solid with non‐shrink grout.
C.3 PLACING CONCRETE
Place concrete in accordance with ACI 614. Subject to approval of the Engineer, concrete
pumping machines may be used and shall be in accordance with ACI 304.
(1) All concrete shall be placed in daylight, and the placing of concrete in any portion
of the work shall not be started unless it can be completed in daylight, without
written approval by the Engineer. Such approval will not be given unless an
adequate lighting system is provided.
(2) Depositing and compacting of concrete shall be conducted to form a compact,
dense mass. Concrete shall be placed in the forms immediately after mixing and
no concrete shall be moved to its final position in the forms by the use of
vibrators. Concrete shall be so placed as to avoid segregation or separation of the
aggregate or the displacement of the reinforcement.
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(3) Unless permission is obtained from the Engineer, concrete shall not be dropped
a distance of more than 1.50 meters and special care shall be taken to fill each
part of the forms by depositing the concrete as near its final position as possible.
(4) The placing of concrete shall be regulated so that pressure caused by it on the
forms shall not exceed that used in the design of the forms. Concrete shall be
placed in continuous horizontal layers not more than 60 cm deep and compacted
before the preceding layer has taken its initial set, to prevent lines of separation
between the batches, injury to the green concrete, and to avoid surfaces of
separation between the layers. The surface of each layer of concrete shall be left
somewhat rough to secure sufficient bonding with the next layer above. All
placements shall be made in one continuous operation.
(5) Immediately following the discontinuance of the placing of concrete, all
accumulations of mortar splashed upon reinforcing steel and the surface of the
forms shall be removed. Dried mortar chips and dust shall not be puddled into
the unset concrete. If accumulations are not removed prior to the concrete
becoming set, care shall be taken not to injure or break the concrete ‐ steel bond,
at and near the surface of the concrete, while cleaning the reinforcing steel. After
the concrete has taken its initial set, care shall be exercised to avoid jarring of
forms or placing any strain on the ends of projecting reinforcement.
C.4 CONCRETE FINISHING
Provide formed concrete surfaces to be left exposed with smooth rubbed finish.
Finish concrete floor surfaces in accordance with ACI 301.
Wood float surfaces which will receive ceramic tile with full bed setting system.
Steel trowel surfaces which will receive carpeting, resilient flooring, and thin set ceramic
tile.
Steel trowel surfaces which are scheduled to be exposed.
In areas with floor drains, maintain floor elevation at walls; pitch surfaces uniformly to
drains as indicated on drawings.
C.5 CURING AND PROTECTION
Immediately after placement, protect concrete from premature drying, excessively hot or
cold temperatures, and mechanical injury.
Maintain concrete with minimal moisture loss at relatively constant temperature for
period necessary for hydration of cement and hardening of concrete.
Cure floor surfaces in accordance with ACI 308.
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Ponding: Maintain 100 percent coverage of water over floor slab areas continuously for
4 days.
Spraying: Spray water over floor slab areas and maintain wet for 7 days.
C.6 PATCHING
Excessive honeycomb or embedded debris in concrete is not acceptable.
Patch imperfections in accordance with ACI 301.
C.7 DEFECTIVE CONCRETE
Defective Concrete: Concrete not conforming to required lines, details, dimensions,
tolerances or specified requirements.
Repair or replacement of defective concrete will be determined by the
Architect/Engineer.
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REINFORCED MASONRY
A. GENERAL
A.1 REFERENCE STANDARDS:
A.1.1 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
C 33 ‐ 86 Concrete Aggregates
C 144 ‐ 87 Aggregate for Masonry Mortar
C 150 ‐ 85 Portland Cement
B. Philippines National Standards (PNS):
07 ‐ 83 Specification for Portland Cement
16 ‐ 84 Specification for Concrete Hollow Blocks, Type I.
A.2 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING:
Handle, store and protect masonry units to avoid chipping, breakage or contact with the
soil. Keep anchors, ties and steel reinforcing bars and joint reinforcement free of rust
and loose scale. Deliver cement and lime in unbroken bags, barrels or other sealed
containers. Keep cementitious materials dry.
B. PRODUCTS
B.1 MASONRY UNITS:
Hollow Concrete Masonry Units: Shall conform to PNS 16.
B.2 DEFORMED REINFORCING BARS:
Grade 40 or as specified in the plans.
B.3 MATERIALS FOR MORTAR AND GROUT:
B.3.1 Aggregate for Mortar
ASTM C 144.
B.3.2 Aggregate for Grout
Fine Aggregate: ASTM C 404, Size No. 2
Pea Gravel : ASTM C 404, except that 100 percent shall pass the No. 8 sieve.
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Coarse Aggregate: ASTM C 404, Size No. 8 or ASTM C33, 3/4 inch maximum size.
B.3.3 Portland Cement
PNS 07 or ASTM C 150, Type I.
B.3.4 Water
Clean and not deleterious to the mortar or grout
C. EXECUTION
C.1 PREPARATION
Clean laitance, dust, dirt, oil, organic matter or other foreign materials from concrete
surface upon which reinforced masonry is to be placed.
C.2 LAYING MASONRY UNIT:
Placing Units: Lay hollow masonry units so as to preserve the vertical continuity of cells
filled with grout. The minimum clear horizontal dimensions of vertical cores shall be 3
inches by 3 inches. Masonry bond units at corners. Anchor intersections by reinforcing
bars or stirrups. Space back‐up courses to level with facing courses where metal ties
occurs. Adjust each unit to its final position while mortar is still soft and plastic. If any
unit is disturbed after mortar has stiffened, remove and re‐lay in fresh mortar. Keep
chases, raked out joints, and spaces to be grouted free from mortar and other debris.
Keep units in exposed masonry surfaces free from chipped edges or other imperfections
detracting from the appearance of the finished work when viewed from a distance of ten
feet.
Mortar Joints: Spread bed joints with mortar for the full thickness of the face shell. Avoid
fins of mortar that protrude into cells to be grouted.
C.3 PLACING REINFORCING STEEL:
Prior to placing grout, clean reinforcement of loose, flaky rust, scale, grease, mortar,
grout, or other coating which might destroy or reduce its bond with the grout. Do not
bend a straighten reinforcing in a manner injurious to the steel. Do not use bars with
kinks or bends not shown on the drawings.
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C.4 PLACING GROUT
Use a hand bucket, concrete hopper or grout pump. Place grout in final position within 1
1/2 hours after mixing. Place grout so as to completely fill the grout spaces without
segregation of the aggregates.
C.5 POINTING AND CLEANING:
After mortar joints have attained their initial set but prior to hardening, completely
remove mortar and grout daubs or splashings from exposed masonry surfaces.
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