Arellano University

College of Nursing

IT’S OKAY NOT TO BE OKAY: DESTIGMATIZING MENTAL

HEALTH TROUGH THE HELP OF SOCIAL MEDIA

A Research Paper
Presented to the
Faculty of the College of Nursing
Arellano University
Pasay City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING

Ciabal, Jam Iezek L.

Mejia, Yianah Leigh L.
Neyra, Carlos Jhon S.
Tatunay, Florian Cindy B.
Valdez, Dexel Lorren R.

Submitted to:
Prof. August I. Manzon RN, MAN
Carmi Portajada-Ejercito LPT, RM, RN, MAN
Prof. Elenita S. Blasco RN, MAN
Adviser
 Arellano University
College of Nursing

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. The Problem and its background

Introduction 1
Background of the Study 3
Research Paradigm 4
Statement of the Problem 5
Significance of the Study 6
Definition of Terms 6
Scope and Limitation 8

II. Review of Related Literature 9

III. Methods and Procedure

Research Design 13
Sampling Procedure 14
Research Instrument and Technique 14
Data Gathering Procedure 15
Statistical Treatment of Data 16

IV. Questionnaire 17

V. References 19

VI. Appendices 21
 Arellano University
College of Nursing

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

Stigma is when someone views you negatively due to a distinguishing

characteristic or personal trait that is perceived to be or is actually a disadvantage.

Unfortunately, there are many people who have unfavorable attitudes and ideas

about people who have mental health conditions.

Discrimination may result from stigma (Mayo Clinic, 2017). Discrimina-

tion can be overt and direct, like when someone disparages your mental illness or

your therapy. It could also be unintentional or covert, like when someone avoids

you because they believe you might be violent, unstable, or otherwise dangerous

because of your mental illness. You might even evaluate yourself.

According to (Lu, 2016) Many people are reluctant to seek care or dis-

close their disease in public due to these misconceptions and biases. Less than 1

in 10 of the 28 million people who required therapy in 2013 received it.

In the Philippines, the stigma against mental illness is still pervasive

(Mendoza, 2021). But there has been a steady movement toward genuine, long-

lasting change in recent years. The stigma surrounding people who have been di-

agnosed with mental disorders is gradually giving way to acceptance and compre-

hension through the use of social media. This is seen in how more opportunities

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for constructive conversation are emerging in Filipino culture. Each tale

advances the discussion and gradually reverses this feeling of shame.

Social media usage comes with some advantages. This awareness and de-

stigmatizing mental health are just a few examples, but extra materials, as well as

a connection platform for people when utilizing the apps, and users' mental health

issues, were discussed with one another (Lattie et al., 2019). Social media can al-

so be a helpful outlet for lowering the obstacles that people from all backgrounds

could encounter while dealing with a mental health diagnosis (Andrews et al.,

2018).

These long overdue changes are now further supported by recent legisla-

tion. The Mental Health Bill (Republic Act No. 11036) was passed by Congress

in 2018 and became law. This demonstrates that in the Philippines, mental health

is a fundamental human right.

On a bigger scale, the stigma associated with mental illness in the Philip-

pines is caused by a dearth of public health education. There are still some people

who are not fully informed about the differences between schizophrenia and bipo-

lar disorders, for example.

However, societal and cultural stigmas about mental illness will gradually

dissipate as a result of increased mental health education initiatives in schools and

the workplace, paving the way for awareness and understanding.

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Background of the Study

When someone does decide to disclose their emotional and mental issues,

most others reject them as easily treatable—often by simple socialization or reli-

gion. Others could jump to hasty conclusions and claim that a person with a men-

tal condition cannot contribute meaningfully to society. And the only choice left is

to admit them to a psychiatric hospital.

Although this earlier research contributes to our understanding of public

stigma in the Filipino setting, they were focused on the misconceptions, prejudic-

es, and discriminatory intentions that the general public had toward Primary Men-

tal Health Plan. As far as the researchers are aware, no research has been done on

the factors that contribute to stigma and discrimination against Primary Mental

Health Plan in the Philippines.

The researchers will be interviewing with Primary Mental Health Plan

(PMHP) and people who know them well to conduct a qualitative study on the

factors related to experiences of stigmas as well as the experiences themselves of

Primary Mental Health Plan in the Philippines in order to fill in the gaps in the

literature. This research in the Philippines settings can be aided by revealing the

existence, types, and sources of stigma experienced by Primary Mental Health

Plan (PMHP). Additionally, investigating experiences and associated factors can

provide fundamental knowledge for designing a successful stigma reduction pro-

gram in the Filipino context.

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Research Paradigm

Level of Awareness about Mental Health Issues

Use of Social Media

Leve l of
Awareness
about Mental Raising Awareness
Health Issues

Destigmatizing
Mental Health

Figure I. The use of Social Media

The purpose of this study is to explain how Social Media platform, partic-

ularly Facebook Mental Health Groups, raises awareness about mental health is-

sues which impact the level of awareness of the respondents and will bring them

to destigmatizing mental health as an output of the study.

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Statement of the Problem

The goal of this study is to investigate participants' awareness of or

knowledge of mental health issues through the use of social media. This study al-

so looks at how the therapy process is affected by such information or awareness

(or lack thereof). Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of:

Age:

18-27 _____ 38-47 _____

28-37 _____ 48-57 _____

Profession/occupation:

Highest Educational Attainment:

Elementary Graduate: _____ Highschool Graduate: _____
Highschool Undergraduate: _____ College Graduate: _____
College Undergraduate: _____ Vocational: _____

Mental Health Condition:

Length of membership in the Facebook mental health support group:

Reason for joining:

Companionship: _____ Self-acceptance: _____
Hope: _____ Affection: _____
Affordability: _____

2. To what extent does the social media mental health support group help the

respondents to cope with mental health problem/s?

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3. What is the effect of joining social media support groups in destigmatizing

mental health issue?

Significance of the Study

Due to the scarcity of research, the study is crucial on the reactions of

mental health professionals to the effects of rising social media uses on mental

health issue. The effects of heavy social media use on a client's mental health is-

sue have been called into question given that we live in a technology culture.

Mental health professionals need to be ready to screen clients for potential ad-

verse effects of frequent social media use as society transitions to digital culture.

By highlighting inadequacies in service provision, assessment, and treatment

planning with regard to social media's effects on mental health, the study's find-

ings will have repercussions for the field of social services.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are operationally defined;

Destigmatizing Mental Health.

Is the act of removing shame or disgrace from mental health of the re-

spondents.

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Social Media

Social media refers to methods of communication where the respondents

of this study create, share, and/or exchange knowledge and concepts in online

communities and networks.

Primary Mental Health Plan

Primary health care is to deliver essential healthcare, which is available to

everyone in the community especially to our respondents and is delivered as a

close as possible to people`s homes and places of employment. It speaks about

care that is provided in accordance with the population`s need. It is decentralized

and necessitates the involvement of the family and community of the respondents.

Mental Health

Is the overall health of how our respondents think, regulate your emotions

and act. This mental functioning can be significantly disrupted in some people.

Mental illness

There are many different mental health diseases that can influence your

emotions, thinking and behavior collectively referred to as mental illness, often

known as mental health disorder.

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Scope and Limitation

The researchers will be conducting this study to assess the influence of so-

cial media particularly Facebook in destigmatizing mental health issue. The as-

sessment focuses on respondents with depression, anxiety, and other mental

health issues that are currently using social media to raise awareness about their

current condition.

Another focus of the study is the level of awareness about mental health

issues on social media among the respondents and the significant relationship be-

tween the use of social media and how mental health has been destigmatized.

The respondents of this research are people from Mental Health Aware-

ness groups on different social media platforms which will be the basis of success

in achieving the study's main objective.

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CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter will serve as an overview and examination of prior research

conducts on social media use and its impact on destigmatizing mental health is-

sue. This chapter will be divided into subsections that discuss the prevalence of

social media use, the fact that the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders (DSM) does not recognize social media use as a mental health diagno-

sis, the dissemination of mental health information via social media, and current

treatment gaps.

According to a review from 2015, among Asian Americans, Filipino

Americans have some of the highest rates of depression. Adolescent Filipino-

American females have some of the highest rates of suicidal thoughts in America,

according to a different study. However, Filipino Americans as a whole have

some of the lowest rates of seeking mental health care (Gharib, 2018).

Because they are the causes of it, emotional and mental illnesses are stig-

matized in all industrial societies. Look at the industrial process for sorting carrots

for a useful parallel to how post-industrial "societies" treat persons dealing with

emotional or mental illness. Baby carrots are planted in a field; they likely under-

went genetic modification to meet societal standards (How Do We Destigmatize

Mental Health Here in the Philippines?) The amount of time and mental health in

the United States are both rising. The amount of time Americans

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spend on social media is also rising. To reiterate, Americans use the internet for

social media interaction 28% of the time on average (Huang, 2018). Several stud-

ies have identified the use of social media as a factor linked to a variety of mental

health symptoms connected to anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and poor

overall health (Ashford, 2017; Hardy & Castonguay, 2018; Hussain & Griffiths,

2018). This research concludes that due to the genuine nature of the information

and interactions found on social media platforms, social media has a direct impact

on mental health and well-being.

According to Ashford (2017), people may feel social discomfort. Using

social media can lead to feelings of loneliness, depression, insecurity, jealousy,

low self-esteem, and depression. In the meantime, everyone has access to social

media because it is so widespread. The globe is now limitless. Although social

media has introduced new methods of new chances for bullying have also evolved

in the area of communication, including cyberbullying.

One of the greatest obstacles to mental health is access to and participation

in seeking to address vulnerable at-risk individuals with mental health diagnoses,

health practitioners encounter obstacles. According to research, these obstacles are

caused by a lack of knowledge about the signs and characteristics of the ill-nesses,

as well as a refusal to seek treatment because of discrimination and stigma on the

part of both individuals and the general public (Henderson et al., 2013).

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(Naslund et al. 2017) carried out a study on Twitter as an online platform.

Study on people's choices for obtaining training and coping mechanisms for social

media signs of mental illness. The survey's findings showed that 85% of those

polled preferred getting mental health programs 72% look to social media to un-

derstand health and welfare, and 90% do so to find new coping mechanisms for

mental health symptoms.

It is well recognized that stigma against people with mental health issues

Primary Mental Health Plan (PMHP) has a significant negative influence on their

life. There needs to be a deeper investigation into the stigma and discrimination

faced by Primary Mental Health Plan (PMHP) in low and middle-income nations

(Tanaka et al., 2018). Previous studies indicate that the general Filipino popula-

tion has a lot of negative attitudes toward Primary Mental Health Plan. However,

no study has looked into how Primary Mental Health Plan themselves have expe-

rienced stigma in the Philippines.

In the Philippines, mental health conditions are the third most prevalent

cause of morbidity, according to the National Statistics Office (NSO) (Lally et al.,

2019). It is interesting to observe how the Philippines is now addressing this issue

given the frightening number of cases.

Using social media to run mental health campaigns is a successful strategy since it

allows one to quickly contact a large number of individuals. With the successful

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use of digital media as a platform for information dissemination, there is a grow-

ing trend in the awareness of mental health (Latha et al., 2020).

Relevance to the Present Study

In line with the relevant studies and literature cited, the importance of this

present study is to fill those gaps of understanding and misconception about men-

tal health illness. Using social media as a platform to raise awareness and in des-

tigmatizing mental health issues can help researchers in understanding the chal-

lenges and concerns about promoting mental health awareness in the country.

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CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter presents the research design, sources of data, target partici-

pants, sampling technique, data-gathering procedures, and statistical methods that

were used in this proposed study.

Research Design

In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a qualitative phenomeno-

logical approach will be used. Such a study would aim to elicit, through web-

based interviews, the meanings each individual attached to their interactions and

the classifications they employed to make sense of their experiences within this

context. Data would be analyzed inductively, focusing on allowing meanings to

emerge from the interviews. Specifically, this process would entail examining

statements from the interviews and clustering them to form common themes

linked to understanding the meanings of the answers of the respondents (Albert,

[Link]., 2008).

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Sampling Procedure

This study will be using a purposive sampling method. Also known as

judgmental, selective, or subjective sampling, purposive sampling relies on the

judgment of the researcher when it comes to selecting the units (e.g., people, cas-

es/organizations, events, and pieces of data) that are to be studied. Usually, the

sample being investigated is quite small, especially when compared with proba-

bility sampling techniques (Rai, N., & Thapa, B., 2015). In this case, the re-

searchers will look for a top social media support group on Facebook that advo-

cates for mental health awareness. The researchers will ask for the members’ con-

sent to participate in the study. The number of respondents will be based on the

return of the responses.

Research Instrument and Technique

The researchers will be selecting members of mental health groups to be

the respondents of the study. An open ended and closed ended questions will be

asked. The researchers will use the given judgement from their knowledge and

awareness on mental health issues, by allowing us to simply enter all of the gath-

ered data that the researchers need into a software application that will be used,

the data would be analyzed inductively, focusing on allowing meanings to emerge

from the interviews.

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Data Gathering Procedure

Web-based questionnaires will be use to collect data through online inter-

views. This is one of the most common and reliable approaches for doing internet-

base or online research. In a web-based questionnaire, participants are sent links

through email, which when click leads them to a secure Google Meet or Zoom-

platform where they will be interviewed using the questionnaire. Web-based in-

terview are favored by researchers because they are more cost-effective, faster,

and have a greater reach. The main advantage of a web-based questionnaire is its

flexibility; participants complete the interview at their leisure using a desktop,

laptop, tablet, or mobile device.

The Web-based questionnaire is composed of three parts. The first part

consists of questions that are compose of starter questions that seek the demo-

graphic profile of the respondents, and the following two parts include questions

regarding the awareness of the respondents about mental health, and are led to

answer the objectives of the study

The researcher will be conducting a pilot study using questionnaires in a

small number of respondents to check if the tools are appropriate and without any

error.

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Statistical Treatment of Data

Since this is a qualitative phenomenological study, the categorical data that

will be gathered will be coded to come up with the themes of the study. This data

will come from the answers of the participants to the open-ended and closed-

ended questions. Finally, the researchers will synthesize all of the statements re-

garding each participant's experience into one consistent statement that describes

and captures [of] the essence of the experience being studied.

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Dear Respondents:

Good day!

In partial fulfillment of our requirements for our subject Nursing Research 1,

we are conducting a study titled IT’S OKAY NOT TO BE OKAY: DES-
TIGMATIZING MENTAL HEALTH TROUGH THE HELP OF SOCIAL
MEDIA.

Suppose you participate in this study, we assure you that your responses
will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.

Thank you.

Sincerely yours,
The Researcher

Please supply the following items/questions with brief answers.

PART I.
Age:
18-27: _____ 38-47: _____
28-37: _____ 48-57: _____

Profession/Occupation:

Highest Educational Attainment:

Elementary Graduate: _____ Highschool Graduate: _____
Highschool Undergraduate: _____ College Graduate: _____
College Undergraduate: _____ Vocational: _____

Mental Health Condition:

Length of membership in the Facebook mental health support group:

Reason for joining:

Companionship: _____ Self-acceptance: _____
Hope: _____ Affection: _____
Affordability: _____

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PART II. Effects of joining a mental health support group

1. Did social media help you overcome your mental illness? (YES/NO)
(how?)
2. What is the effect of sharing your experiences in the group?
3. How do you cope with the perception of people about mental illness?

PART III. Destigmatizing mental health illness

1. Why do you think there are still people who cannot understand what a
mental illness really is?
2. Cite some instances where you experienced discrimination from your
friends or family.
3. How do you motivate and empower other people who are experiencing the
same condition as you?
4. What is your advice to those people who are suffering the same
condition as you?

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References

Albert, M., Hodges, B.D., Kuper, A., Reeves, S. (2008). Why use theories in qual-
itative research?. BMJ 2008;337:a949.

Andrews, G., Basu, A., Cuijpers, P., Craske, M., McEvoy, P., English, C., &
Newby, J. (2018). Computer therapy for the anxiety and depression disor-
ders is effective, acceptable and practical health care: An updated meta-
analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 55, 70–78.
[Link]

Ashford University. (2017). Causes of social media addiction illness.

Gharib, M. (2018, November 22). How I Learned To Talk To My Filipino Mom

About My Mental Health. [Link]. [Link]
shots/2018/11/22/669960524/how-i-learned-to-talk-to-my-filipino-mom-
about-my-mental-health

Hardy, B. W., & Castonguay, J. (2018). The moderating role of age in the rela-
tionship between social media use and mental well-being: An analysis of
the 2016 General Social Survey. Computers in Human Behavior, 85,
282–290. [Link]

Henderson, C., Evans-Lacko, S., & Thornicroft, G. (2013). Mental Illness Stigma,
Help Seeking, and Publhic Health Programs. American Journal of Public
Health, 103(5), 777–780. [Link]

How do we destigmatize mental health here in the Philippines? (n.d.). Quora. Re-
trieved October 30, 2022, from [Link]
destigmatize-mental-health-here-in-the-Philippines

Huang, C. (2017). Time Spent on Social Network Sites and Psychological Well-
Being: A Meta-Analysis. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Net-
working, 20(6), 346–354. [Link]

Hussain, Z., & Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Problematic Social Networking Site Use
and Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review of Recent
Large-Scale Studies. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9.
[Link]

Lally, J., Tully, J., & Samaniego, R. (2019). Mental health services in the Philip-
pines. BJPsych International, 16(03), 62–64.
[Link]

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 Arellano University
College of Nursing

Latha, K., Meena, K., Pravitha, M., Dasgupta, M., & Chaturvedi, S. (2020a). Ef-
fective use of social media platforms for promotion of mental health awareness.
Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9(1), 124.
[Link]

Lattie, E. G., Lipson, S. K., & Eisenberg, D. (2019). Technology and College
Student Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities. Frontiers in Psy-
chiatry, 10. [Link]

Lu, S. (2016). Destigmatizing mental illness needs a national push, report says.
American Psychological Association.
[Link]

Mayo Clinic. (2017, May 24). Mental health: Overcoming the stigma of mental
illness. [Link]
depth/mental-health/art-20046477

Mendoza, R. B. N. (2021, June 29). Understanding Mental Illness Stigma in the

Philippines. Hello Doctor. [Link]
mind/mental-illness-stigma-philippines/Myths about mental illness. (2016, March
30). Can We Talk. [Link]
mental-illness/

Naslund, J., & Reifer, M. (2018). Engagement and recovery: Social me-
dia/technology for outreach and engagement [webinar]. In Recovery to
Practice, SAMSHA Webinar Series. In Recovery to Practice, SAMSHA
Webinar Series.

Rai, N., & Thapa, B. (2015). A study on purposive sampling method in research.
Kathmandu: Kathmandu School of Law, 5.
Stuart, H. (2016). Reducing the stigma of mental illness. Global Mental Health, 3.
[Link]

Tanaka, C., Tuliao, M. T. R., Tanaka, E., Yamashita, T., & Matsuo, H. (2018). A
qualitative study on the stigma experienced by people with mental health
problems and epilepsy in the Philippines. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1).
[Link]

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Appendices

Professor Evangeline S. Simon RN, MAN

Dean, College of Nursing

Arellano University – Jose Abad Santos Campus

Greetings!

In partial fulfillment of our requirements for our subject Nursing Research 1,

we are conducting a study titled IT’S OKAY NOT TO BE OKAY: DES-

TIGMATIZING MENTAL HEALTH TROUGH THE HELP OF SOCIAL

MEDIA,.this coming December 1, 2022 that will be held via Google Meet start-

ing at 9:30 AM to 10:30 AM. Attached to this letter is Chapter I, II, and III of the

research proposal. We hope that this will merit your approval.

Sincerely Yours,

The Researchers

Noted by:

Carmi Portajada-Ejercito LPT, RM, RN, MAN

Research Adviser

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 Arellano University
College of Nursing

Dr. Alejandro Sandiko

Professor, College of Nursing

Arellano University – Jose Abad Santos Campus

Greetings!

In partial fulfillment of our requirements for our subject Nursing Research

1, we are conducting a study titled IT’S OKAY NOT TO BE OKAY: DES-

TIGMATIZING MENTAL HEALTH TROUGH THE HELP OF SOCIAL

MEDIA.

We are humbly requesting you to sit as our panelist for our Research Pro-

posal this coming December 1, 2022 that will be held via Google Meet starting at

9:30 AM to 10:30 AM.

As aspiring profound student nurses, we will be needing support for us to

fulfill our requirements to be full-pledge nurses in the future. Your positive

recognition will be highly appreciated.

Sincerely Yours,

The Researchers

Noted By:

Carmi Portajada-Ejercito LPT, RM, RN, MAN

Research Adviser

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Dear Sir/Ma’am

Good day! We the student of Arellano University – Jose Abad Santos Campus

studying Bachelor of Science in Nursing are currently conducting a study entitled

“Destigmatizing Mental Health through the help of Social Media”

In line with this study, may we ask your permission or assistance with regards

of validation of our questionnaires to be used in our study knowing you are capa-

ble and fit.

We highly anticipate your positive response as we send you this intent for re-

quest.

Sincerely Yours,

The Researchers

Jam Iezek L. Ciabal

Yianah Leigh L. Mejia

Carlos Jhon S. Neyra VII

Florian Cindy B. Tatunay

Dexel Lorren R. Valde

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College of Nursing

DR. REMEDIOS L. FERNANDEZ

Chairman, Ethics Review Board

Arellano University – Legarda

Dear Madam,

Good day! We the 3rd year student of Arellano University – Jose Abad Santos

Campus studying Bachelor of Science in Nursing are currently conducting a qual-

itative study entitled “Destigmatizing Mental Health through the help of Social

Media”. Included is a copy of Chapters I – III of our research papers.

Attached here are the copy of our statement of the problem and tool for

your reference.

Statement of the Problem

The goal of this study is to investigate participants’ awareness of or Knowledge of

mental health issues through the use of social media. This study also looks at how

the therapy process is affected by such information or awareness (or lack thereof).

Specifically, this study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of:

a. Age:

18-27: _____ 38-47: _____

28-37: _____ 48-57: _____

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b. Profession:

c. Mental health problem/s:

d. Length of membership in a Facebook mental health support group:

e. Reason for joining:

Companionship: _____ Self-acceptance: _____

Hope: _____ Affection: _____

Affordability: _____

2. To what extent does the social media mental health support group help the

Respondents to cope with mental health problem/s?

3. What is the effect of joining social media support groups in destigmatizing

Mental health

Sampling Tool

Dear Respondents:

Good day! In partial fulfillment of our requirements for our subject Nursing

Research 1, we are conducting a study titled IT’S OKAY NOT TO BE OKAY:

DESTIGMATIZING MENTAL HEALTH THROUGH THE HELP OF SOCIAL

MEDIA.

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 Arellano University
College of Nursing

Suppose you participate in this study, we assure you that your responses will

be treated with the outmost confidentiality.

Thank you.

Sincerely yours,

The Researchers

Please supply the following items/questions with brief answers.

PART I.

1. Age:

18-27: _____ 38-47: _____

28-37: _____ 48-57: _____

2. Profession/Occupation:

3. Highest Educational Attainment:

Elementary Graduate: _____ Highschool Graduate: _____

Highschool Undergraduate: _____ College Graduate: _____

College Undergraduate: _____ Vocational: _____

4. Mental Health Condition:

5. Length of membership in the Facebook mental health support group:

6. Reason for joining:

Companionship: _____ Self-acceptance: _____

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Hope: _____ Affection: _____

Affordability: _____

PART II. Effects of joining a mental health support group

1. Did social media help you overcome your mental illness? (YES/NO)

2. What is the effect of sharing your experiences in the group?

3. How do you cope with the perception of people about mental illness?

PART III. Destigmatizing mental health illness

1. Why do you think there are still people who cannot understand what a

mental illness really is?

2. Cite some instances where you experienced discrimination from

your friends or family.

3. How do you motivate and empower other people who are experiencing the

same condition as you

4. What is your advice to those people who are suffering the same condition

as you?

Sincerely Yours,

The Researchers

Jam Iezek L. Ciabal

Yianah Leigh L. Mejia

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College of Nursing

Carlos Jhon S. Neyra VII

Florian Cindy B. Tatunay

Dexel Lorren R. Valdez

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