BEADING AND BOXING

DR.JAMES REX

DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS
 INTRODUCTION

 DEFINITION:
 Building up vertical walls around an impression, usually in wax , to
produce the desired size and form of the base of the cast and to preserve certain
landmarks of the impression.
 -Robert M Marrow . Kenneth D Rudd
 BOXING DEFINITION: The enclosure of an impression to produce the desired size and
form of the base of the cast and to preserve desired details.
 -GPT9
 BEADING DEFINITION: Creating an irregular surface by means of stipples , dots and speckles.
 -GPT9
 BEADING AND BOXING WAX

USE: Beading and Boxing wax is used for enclosing an impression before the
plaster or stone cast is poured.

AVAILABLE : Pink-coloured flat sheets

PROPERTIES: It is soft and pliable and can easily be pressed to the desired
contour around the perimeter of an impression and self sealed at the overlapped
area with firm pressure.
 PURPOSE OF BEADING AND BOXING

To preserve the functional width and depth of the sulcus in the final cast by beading the final
impression.

To obtain a uniform , smooth and desired form and thickness of the base of cast by boxing the
final impression.
 EQUIPMENT AND
MATERIALS
1.Completed final impressions
2.Beading materials
-Beading wax
-Mix of dental plaster
-Caulking compound
3.Boxing materials
-Boxing wax
4.Base plate wax
5.Wax knife
6.Wax spatula
7.Bunsen Burner
8.Plaster Bowl
9.Plaster spatula
10.Plaster knife
11.Separating medium
12.A sheet of wax paper
13.Bard parker blade
VARIOUS METHODS OF BOXING IMPRESSION

*WAX BOXING METHOD

*PLASTER OF PARIS AND PUMICE BOXING METHOD

*CAULKING COMPOUND AND PADDLE BOXING METHOD

 WAX BOXING METHOD

*Wax boxing is effective for zinc oxide paste impression and rubber base or
Silicone impressions.

*Wax Available-Round or square strips.

*Orthodontic wax or Utility wax also is usuable for beading an impression.

*After the beading wax is adapted and sealed the impression is boxed with a wax strip and the
cast is poured.
 STEPS IN WAX BOXING METHOD

*Place the impression on the bench with impression surface up and use soft wax or modelling clay to
align the impression so that the ridge portion is approximately parallel to the bench top.
*Adjust the height until a boxing wax strip extends approximately 13mm above the height
point on the impression.

*Fill in the tongue space of a mandibular impression by adapting and sealing a sheet of
baseplate wax cut to the proper form . use a wax spatula to seal the wax to the impression.
*Seal it to the impression on both sides.

*Make the waxed-in tongue area smooth and seal it approximately 3 to 4 mm below the
border of the impression.

*Lower placement will compromise access to parts of the cast , such as adapting
baseplates.
*Adapt orthodontic tray wax or beading wax around the periphery of the impression .This wax
should be approximately 4mm wide and 3 to 4 mm below the border of the impression.
*Adapt another short length of beading wax to the heel region of the mandibular impression
and across the posterior edge of the waxed-in tongue area to make the border wider in these
areas.

*Seal the beading wax to the impressions with a wax spatula .Handle the hot spatula
carefully to avoid damaging the impression or allowing the wax to flow onto the border
of the impression.
*Check the width of the beading by looking down on the impression from directly
above to determine whether a border of acceptable width is visible around the entire
impression.

*Set the impression on the bench top , warm a strip of boxing a wax over a Bunsen
burner until the flexible and carefully fold it around the impression wax.
*Seal the ends of the boxing strip to the underlying layer of wax.

*Seal the beading wax to the boxing strip on both the impression side and the underside to
make it watertight.
*Fill the impression with cool water to check for leaks .Pour the impression in vacuum
spatulated artificial stone.
WAX BOXING METHOD:

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION

Borders of cast too narrow or Beading wax too narrow or too Make beading wax approximately
too wide. wide. 4mm wide.
Be careful when trimming cast on
Cast overtrimmed on cast
cast trimmer.
trimmer.
Adapt the beading wax; seal it 3 to 4
Beading wax placed too high on mm below border of impression.
Border of cast not high enough
impression.
to preserve thickness of Placed beading wax 3 to 4 mm
impression flanges. Beading wax placed too low on below the border of the
impression. impression.and trim cast to reduce
Border of cast too high. border height.
PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION
Base of master cast too Boxing strip is not Extend boxing strip
thin(less than 13mm) extended high enough approximately 13mm
above impression. above the highest area on
impression.
Base of master cast too Boxing strip extended too Keep boxing strip
thick( more than 13mm) high above the impression. approximately 13mm
above impression and no
higher.
Cast lopsided(high on one Impression not oriented Position impression used to
side and low on other side) properly prior to boxing. make ridges approximately
parallel to bench top ; use
soft wax or modelling clay
to maintain position when
boxing.
Boxing wax separated Beading wax not properly Exercise care to see that
from beading wax during luted to boxing strip. boxing strip is luted to
pouring of cast beading wax securely.
PLASTER OF PARIS AND PUMICE BOXING METHOD

The plaster of Paris and pumice boxing method is excellent for boxing impressions of
rubber base or silicone materials because maintaining contact between the boxing
material and the impression material presents no problem.
STEPS IN PLASTER OF PARIS AND PUMICE BOXING METHOD

*Make a 1:1 mixture by volume of plaster of Paris and pumice.

*The pumice weakens the set plaster and facilitates separation of the cast after pouring.
Approximately 200gm of plaster usually is adequate for impressions.
*Place a patty of the mix on a glass slab

*Keeping the ridge portion of the impression parallel to the bench top , settle the impression
into the patty.

*Use a spatula to draw the plaster mix around the impression until it is 3 to 4 mm below the
border.
*Smooth the plaster mix around the impression with a wet spatula to make the border of
the cast smooth.

*As the plaster and pumice mix begins to set, trim it to remove excess material. Do not
trim closer than 5 to 6 mm.
*After the plaster has set, remove it from the glass slab, and trim it on a cast trimmer
until the border is 4mm wide.

*Set the cast trimmer table to produce sides on the cast that are perpendicular to the
base.
*Trim the plaster with a sharp knife until it is 3 to 4 mm below the border of the
impression.This is necessary In the heel region of mandibular impressions and across the
posterior border of maxillary impressions the plaster may be 2mm below the border.
*Remove the plaster that adheres to the border of the impression by brushing gently with a soft
bristle toothbrush.

*Adapt the boxing wax to the invested impression so that the wax extends at least 13mm above
the highest point on the impression.
*Seal the boxing strip to the plaster.Paint the plaster surfaces with a separating medium

*Fill the boxed impression with a cool water to check for leaks.pour the cast.

*After settling,cut away the plaster and pumice boxing and remove the impression and
cast.
*Place the impression and cast in a plaster bowl containing warm water to soften the
impression material ,permitting separation without breaking the cast.

*Use sharp knife to reduce the height of the border on the cast.
*Trim the width of the border of the cast until it is 4mm.Soak the cast in clear water for 3 to
4 minutes before trimming it to prevent slurry splatter from the cast trimmer from sticking to
the cast.

*Trim the sides of the cast perpendicular to the base.

*Now the cast is ready for fabrication of the base plate.

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION
Border of cast too high or Plaster of paris and pumice Trim Plaster to Paris and
too low on border of cast not pumice until 3 to 4mm
trimmed to proper level or below border of
properly mixed. impression.
Mix of plaster of paris and Use thick mix of plaster of
pumice too thin, causing it paris and pumice to
to slump and make border prevent slumping.
too low on impression.
Borders of cast too narrow Plaster of paris and pumice Make plaster of paris and
or too wide border of wrong width. pumice border
approximately 4mm wide;
Use thick mix so that
plaster and pumice will not
slump.
PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION
Cast unable to be separated Separating medium not Paint separating medium
from plaster of paris and painted on plaster of paris on plaster of paris and
pumice boxing and pumice investment. pumice before pouring
stone cast.
Base of cast too high on Impression not oriented Position impression to
one side and too low on properly prior to boxing. make ridges approximately
other side parallel to bench top before
boxing.
Base of cast too thick or Height of boxing strip Place boxing strip 13mm
too thin wrong. above highest point on
impression ; cast too thin if
boxing strip is less than
13mm above ;cast is too
thick if boxing strip is
more than 13 mm above
impression.
CAULKING COMPOUND AND PADDLE
BOXING METHOD

A Paddle method for boxing impressions has been described by Blank 1961.The
impression is boxed on a paddle, and caulking compound is used for beading. then the
paddle is used as a convenient holder while vibrating stone into the impressions.
STEPS IN CAULKING COMPOUND AND PADDLE BOXING METHOD

*A table tennis paddle can be adapted for boxing impressions by attaching metal stripping to the
borders of the paddle.

*Scrap wax is melted into the metal enclosure to serve as a wax base for boxing impressions.
*Use strips of caulking compound rope to bead impressions, particularly for
those made in zinc-oxide impression paste.

*adapt a strip of caulking compound rope 3 to 4 mm below the border of the

impressions.

*Adapt the caulking compound rope 2 to 4 mm below the posterior border of

maxillary impressions and the heel region of mandibular impressions.
*Burnish the caulking compound with a warm wax spatula to make the border smooth and to
seal it to the impression.

*Check the width of the caulking compound border before boxing with a wax or metal strip.

*Fold a metal boxing strip around the impression and caulking cord, and secure it with a
rubber band. Make the boxing strip extends approximately 13mm above the highest point on
the impression.
*Seal the caulking compound to the metal or wax boxing strip on the impression side
and the underside.

*Check the boxed impression for the width and height of the border before sealing it to
the paddle.
*Seal the boxed impression to the wax on the paddle. If not sealed firmly, the boxed
impression can break away during vibration of the stone.

*Mix properly proportioned artificial stone, and pour it into the impression while
vibrating it gently.
*After setting peel the boxing strip from the impression and cast
Remove the caulking cord from the border of the cast and separate the impression
from the cast.
Caulking compound and paddle boxing
method:

PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION

Borders of cast too high or low Beading placed at wrong level Place beading material
approximately 3 to 4 mm below
border of impression.

Borders of cast too narrow or Beading too narrow or wide

wide Keep beading approximately
4mm wide.
PROBLEM PROBABLE CAUSE SOLUTION
Base of cast too thick or Boxing wax at wrong Place boxing strip
thin height border of approximately 13mm
impression. above border of
impression.
Cast lopsided Alignment of impression Position impression to
wrong when boxed make ridges nearly parallel
to bench top.
 PREFORMED BEADING AND BOXING APPLIANCE
To reduce the time and cost recyclable beading material, was used. ‘‘Preformed boxing
appliance’’ with moldable clay is used for
beading the secondary impression. Secondary impression was supported by 3
3 studs provided on the floor of the boxing appliance. The cast was poured. The duration for
the entire procedure was much less than the conventional procedure.

Preformed beading and boxing appliance. J Indian Prosthodontic Soc (Jan-Mar 2013) 13(1):49–51
 PROCEDURE
Step1: The lateral walls of the appliance are opened and coated with petroleum jelly.

Step2: The tray handle of the custom tray used for making secondary impression of
edentulous arch is trimmed off and a stainless steel wire is
attached horizontally. This wire passes through the slot anteriorly. In case of stock metal tray
this modification is not necessary.

Step 3: The beading area around the secondary impression

and the tongue space (in case of mandibular impression) is filled with mouldable clay up to
2mm below the flanges of the impression.
Step 4: The lateral walls of the appliance are closed and
latched.

Step 5: Dental stone is mixed as per proper water:

powder ratio and poured into the beaded impression
surface.

Step 6: The appliance is placed on the vibrator to

eliminate air bubbles from the impression.

Step 7: After the stone is set, the cast is retrieved and the
master cast thus obtained is trimmed and the
mouldable clay is preserved for later use (recyclable).
 Beading and Boxing by Denture flask

The method described uses a denture flask as a boxing border for impressions instead of
beading and sheet wax. Vigorous vibrating movements can be applied to the artificial
stone as it sets without distortion or damage to the border of the impression.

When wax or thermoplastic impression materials are used for the final impression, the
flask should be immersed in cold water as the plaster foundation and artificial stone set.
1. Draw a line around the impression to demarcate the desired depth of the denture border.

2. Fill the shallow lower half of a denture flask with plaster and embed the tray
surface of the impression into it. Trim the plaster to the previously
drawn demarcating line .

3. When the plaster has set, lubricate its entire surface with white petroleum jell Do not use a
tinfoil substitute , as this may spread and cover the surface of the
Impression.

4. Place the counter half of the denture flask in position . The flask now forms a box to
contain the artificial stone as it is poured onto the impression to form
the final working cast .
A New Simplified Beading and Boxing Procedure for Elastic
Impression:

In this article describes an alternative beading-boxing procedure that is

compatible with all impression materials . Instant adhesive is used around the border to act as a
joining agent between elastic impressions and beading wax.

A New Simplified Beading and Boxing Procedure for Elastic

Impression Indian prosthodontic society April 2011
PROCEDURE:

1.After taking and disinfecting the impression, remove the excess water from the impression.

2. Use permanent marker to place a line around the entire impression

approximately 3 mm from the peripheral border to designate the
desired extension for the border.

3. Adapt two or three pieces of beading wax to the tray’s polished surface to adjust the
impression above the countertop to keep the ridge level.
4. Invert the tube of the commercially available instant adhesive downwards
and then squeeze gently to apply it along the marked line, taking care that it does not contact
the skin.

5. Take the pre-prepared bead of the wax or bead made up of base plate wax
and stick it at the mark line with instant adhesive.

6. Further strengthening of the junction of bead and elastic impression is done

by melting the wax around.
7. Place the boxing wax over the wax beading in usual manner by instant adhesive or by
melting the wax.

8. Make a mix of dental stone and pour the boxed impression.

9. After the stone is set, remove the boxing and beading from the impression
and trim the cast if required to preserve the land of the cast.
A New Hybrid Technique for Beading and Boxing of Complete Denture Final
Impressions:

In this hybrid technique of beading and boxing an impression, a uniform layer of

modeling wax was applied over the beading of a plaster-pumice mixture around an
impression; after that, boxing & pouring of an impression was done to retrieve a cast.

A New Hybrid Technique for Beading and Boxing of Complete Denture Final
Impressions-Journal of Dental materials.
 A- FINAL MANDIBULAR IMPRESSION

B-TRIMMED PLASTER AND PUMICE BEADING AROUND AN IMPRESSION

C-Modeling wax layering over plaster pumice beading
around an impression & tongue space.

D-Boxed impression ready to pour

*In the hybrid technique, there is no need to apply Petrolleum jelly, to avoid wet appearance
to the cast. cast can be poured immediately after boxing the impression.

*If the impression is poured before the cold mold seal dries, it will lead to it’s entrapment
into unset stone and formation of bubbles in the land area of the final cast and dwindling it’s
strength.

*Hybrid technique can be used for beading and boxing of an elastomeric as well as zinc
oxide eugenol impressions.
*In wax technique: wax usually gets distorted during exposure to warm temperature,
affecting the accuracy of the cast. In hybrid technique: plaster pumice beading provides
support to the wax; therefore it will not be distorted and the resultant cast will be accurate
with perfect border thickness.

* In wax beading technique, the wax is usually distorted during pouring the impression
caused by the weight of the stone; but in the hybrid technique, wax is supported by plaster
pumice beading, preventing it from getting distorted.

FINAL ACCURATE CAST

 CONCLUSION

Beading and boxing is recommended to achieve a quality

master cast and prevent slumping of gypsum material when
an impression is inverted.
 REFERENCE
*Robert M Marrow . Kenneth D Rudd.

*Preformed Beading and Boxing Appliance J Indian prosthodontic

*Boxing impressions
The University o Tennessee, College o/Dentistry, Memphis, Tenn.

*A method of boxing impressions

R. G. Powter B.D.S., and M. Hope.

*A New Simplified Beading and Boxing Procedure for Elastic

Impression Indian prosthodontic Society.

*A New Hybrid Technique for Beading and Boxing of Complete Denture Final
Impressions-Journal of Dental materials.

*Dental materials- Anusavice.

THANK YOU