Unit 3 – vocabulary
revision, p. 43
Unit 3 vocabulary revision
Page 43, ex. IV Page 43, ex. V
1 – dividend / profits 1D
2 – shareholder / stockholder / 2B
stakeholder
3A
3 – borrowed / lent
4E
4 – work / jobs / job
goodwill – part of a company’s value
5 – sole that includes things that cannot be
directly measured (good reputation,
customer loyalty)
Unit 4
Reported Speech
Give an example for each of the tenses below:
Present Simple The shops are closed on Sundays.
Present Continuous It’s raining cats and dogs.
Present Perfect The employees have developed a new training method.
Past Simple Investors estimated the value of the deal.
Past Continuous Franchisees were taking a huge risk when they refused to pay the
license.
Past Perfect Distributors had delivered the last order before they ran out of supplies.
Future Simple Prices will never fall.
going to Peter has excellent qualifications. He is going to manage this company
extraordinarily.
Peter: ”The shops are
closed on Sundays.”
D IRE CT S P E E CH
What’s indirect speech?
Direct vs indirect speech
Professor Smith: “Students
usually take this exam in
the summer semester.”
Two types of reporting verbs:
REPORTING VERBS IN THE PRESENT REPORTING VERBS IN THE PAST
Professor Smith says that students Professor Smith said that…
usually take this exam in the summer
semester.
What shall we do next?
When the reporting verb is in the Present Simple Tense, there is no
backshift (ne vraćamo jedno vreme unazad).
e.g. Peter:”I need to buy some markers.”
Peter says that he needs to buy some markers.
When the reporting verb is in the Past Simple Tense, the backshift is
needed.
e.g. Peter said that he needed to buy some markers.
Which tenses don’t change?
The Past Perfect Simple
and
The Past Perfect Continuous
What happens with must?
It changes to had to.
May?
It changes to might.
Report these sentences:
Professor Smith: Professor Smith said that students took
the exam in the summer semester.
“Students take the exam in the summer
semester” Professor S. said that students were
taking the exam.”
“Students are taking the exam.”
Professor S. said that students had
“Students have already taken the
already taken the exam.”
exam.”
Report these sentences:
Professor Smith:
“Students took the exam.” Professor Smith said that students had taken the exam.
“Students were taking the exam.” Professor S. said that students had been taking the exam.
“Students had already taken the Professor S. said that students had already taken the
exam.” exam.
Report these sentences:
Professor Smith:
Professor Smith said that students would take the exam.
“Students will take the exam.”
Professor S. said that students were going to take the
“Students are going to take the exam.”
exam.
“Students can/may/must take the
Professor S. said that students could/might/had to take
exam.”
the exam.
What if we added…
“Students are taking the exam now.” Students were taking the exam then.
“Students took the exam yesterday.” Students had taken the exam the day
before/the previous day.
“Students will take the exam
tomorrow.” Students would take the exam the
next/following day.
Typical changes to
demonstratives, adverbs and
adverbial expressions
DIRECT INDIRECT
this → that
these → those
now → then
yesterday → they day before/the previous day
tomorrow → the next/following day
two weeks ago → two weeks before
here → there
Page 58, exercise I
Page 58, exercise I - key
1. He said that he had been waiting for the bus when he arrived.
2. He said that she was then living in Paris for a few months because of an
international assignment.
3. He said that he hadn’t travelled by underground before he came to London.
4. He said that he had been finishing his report when Julie called.
5. He said that he wouldn’t see me the next day because he was going away on a
business trip.
Page 59, exercise II
Page 59, exercise II - key
1. “We may change our food supplier next year.”
2. “We don’t know how high the overheads will be.”
3. “I will schedule the meeting for two o’clock tomorrow.”
4. “I have never worked in sales before.”
5. “I can’t see you because I’m busy.”
Reported questions
YES/NO QUESTIONS WH-QUESTIONS
Tom to Sue: ”Did you like Tom to Sue: “When does
the film?” the film start?”
Tom asks Sue if/whether Tom asks Sue when the film
she liked the film. starts.
Tom asked Sue if/whether Tom asked Sue when the
she had liked the film. film started.
True or false?
1) Word order in reported questions is subject + predicate + object, just like in an
affirmative sentence. T
2) Both whether and weather can be used in yes/no reported questions e.g. He
wanted to know whether / weather I would help him do his homework. F
3) Reported questions require a question mark (?) in the end e.g. Tom asked when the
film started? F
Tips:
DO NOT CONFUSE WHETHER WITH WEATHER!
e.g. Professor wanted to know whether the students were ready to do the exercise.
The weather was wonderful yesterday – the sun was shining and it wasn’t windy at all!
Word order in reported questions is: subject + predicate + object (kao u potvrdnoj
rečenici).
NOT: Tom asked Sue when did the film start.
BUT: Tom asked Sue when the film started.
Reported questions require a full stop, not a question mark in the end. Tom wanted to
known when the film started.
Page 60, exercise I
Page 60, exercise I - key
1. I enquired when you could deliver the goods.
2. He asked Jane if she would mind rescheduling the meeting.
3. John wants to know if we/I are/am attending the meeting.
4. Mark asked me where he could get the best lunch near the office.
5. A customer wanted to know if it was possible to order our products online.
Page 61, exercise III
Page 61, exercise III - key
1. Investor wanted to know if they had closed down the factory the year before.
2. Adam enquired whether his secretary could try out that new photocopier.
3. Sue asked Peter if the employees had met the new HR Manager.
4. Sonia asked Helen what Donald’s plans were.
5. Jacob enquired what Alcon company produces/produced.
