ENI - IRAQ

ZUBAIR OIL FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

DESIGN LOADS AND LOADS COMBINATIONS

- HAMMAR MISHRIF DGS

ISSUE FOR
EX-DE 00 18/07/14 [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
DESIGN
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ZUBAIR OIL FIELD 00251210DAST3Z028
DEVELOPMENT
eni iraq b.v. PROJECT Job N.
Contractor logo and business name Contractor Identification
00251210DAST3Z028
SAMSUNG ENGINEERING Contract N. 252/2011/DK/ZU
Vendor logo and business name Vendor Identification

Order N.
Facility Name Location Scale Sheet of Sheets
ZUBAIR-NORTH ONSHORE n.a. 1 of 19
NEW DEGASSING STATION
Document Title Supersedes N.

DESIGN LOADS AND LOADS COMBINATION Superseded by N.

- HAMMAR MISHRIF DGS Plant Area Plant Unit
n.a. n.a.
Software: Microsoft Word 97-2003 File N° 00251210DAST3Z028_EXDE00_18.doc
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REVISION HISTORY

Rev. Date Nr. of sheets Description

EX-DE 00 18/07/2014 18 Issue for Design

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INDEX

1 General ...................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4
1.2 Scope ..................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Codes and Standards .............................................................................................................. 5
2.1 Local Codes and Regulation .................................................................................................. 5
2.2 National and International Standards .................................................................................... 5
3 Reference Documents ............................................................................................................. 6
3.1 Project Specifications ............................................................................................................. 6
3.2 Project Standards and Design Practices ............................................................................... 6
4 Design Loads ............................................................................................................................ 6
4.1 Self Weight and Permanent load (G) ..................................................................................... 6
4.2 Fireproofing load .................................................................................................................... 6
4.3 Live Load (L, Lr) ..................................................................................................................... 6
4.4 Equipment and Piping Loads (E, P) ....................................................................................... 8
4.5 Thermal Loads from Piping and Equipment (Tr, Th) ............................................................. 9
4.6 Cable Trays (Ct) ................................................................................................................... 10
4.7 Erection Load (Er) ................................................................................................................ 10
4.8 Cranes and Lifting Appliances (C) ....................................................................................... 10
4.9 Bundle Pull (F) ..................................................................................................................... 10
4.10 Sand Load (S) ...................................................................................................................... 11
4.11 Differential Settlement (D) .................................................................................................... 11
4.12 Load acting on vibrating machine foundations (V)............................................................... 11
4.13 Thermal Load from Environmental Conditions (Te) ............................................................. 11
4.14 Wind Load (W) ..................................................................................................................... 11
4.15 Seismic Load (Se) ................................................................................................................ 13
4.16 Blast Load (B) ...................................................................................................................... 14
4.17 Paving and Trench Cover Loads ......................................................................................... 14
5 Load Combinations ................................................................................................................ 15
5.1 Ordinary R.C buildings ......................................................................................................... 15
5.2 R.C Structures and Foundations supporting Steel/Concrete Structures or Equipment ...... 16
5.3 Steel Structures Supporting Equipment or Service Steel Structure .................................... 17

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1 General

1.1 Introduction

ENI has been awarded the Zubair project for the development of an oil field
(ZUBAIR FIELD) in joint venture with Occidental, Korea Gas and Missan Oil
COMPANY (as state partner), with Eni as operator.

The Zubair Field is located in the southern area of Iraq, 20 km from Basra city.
The structure of the Zubair Field is a relatively gentle anticline oriented NNW -
SSE, approximately 60 km long and 10-15 km wide.

The Zubair project is a “brown field project”, with existing facilities and
infrastructure. The field is currently in production.

The oil is produced from reservoir with natural flowing and artificial lift systems
requiring also water injection to support reservoir pressure and maintain it above
saturation pressure.

The Zubair Field Development Plan foresees the rehabilitation of the existing
facilities in order to maintain them operable and reliable whilst the new facilities
required for the ramp-up of the field are installed.

Zubair field is currently in production through 5 degassing stations plus Safwan

flow station, with an initial production of about 182.8 kBOPD (February 2010),
while the total original design capacity of existing facilities was around 520k
BOPD.

The oil production increase targets require the installation of new production
facilities to achieve the plateau rate 850 kBOPD of oil.
The total plateau rate capacity will be achieved and managed through new
facilities, subdivided in IPF (Initial Production Facilities) with total capacity of 300
kBOPD and New DGS’s of which sum up 550 kBOPD of treating capacity.
Altogether, IPF plus New DGS’s will match the overall plateau rate capacity
requirements (850 kBOPD). New facilities include also water injection capacity to
meet the reservoir injection water requirements.

On existing DGS's wells are currently connected only through dedicated single
flowlines (no remote manifolds) directly to 5 existing DGS's and Safwan flow
station.

• Hammar Mishrif (HM),

• Hammar (H),
• Zubair Mishrif (ZM),
• Zubair (Z),
• Rafidiya (and Safwan Flow Station) (R)

For New Facilities, well fluids will be collected by individual flow lines which are
routed to local manifolds or remote manifold which conveys well fluid to each
New DGS's through trunklines.

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New train shall be configured with two 3-phase separators, a dehydrator and a
desalter. Treated oil from desalter will be degassed in a gas boot and than stored
in a flow tanks.

1.2 Scope

This specification contains the loads and loads combination to perform the
Civil/Structural Design of steel and concrete structures for the Zubair Oil Field
Development Project.

2 Codes and Standards

2.1 Local Codes and Regulation

The works shall comply in all aspects with Local Regulations, Planning Law and
other Statutory Regulations.

2.2 National and International Standards

The latest version of the following standards shall be considered:

 ASCE-7/05 Minimum Design Loads for Building and Other

Structures

 ASCE Wind Loads and Anchor Bolts Design for

Petrochemical Facilities

 AISC-13th Edition Specification for the Design, Fabrication, and

Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings –
Manual of Steel Construction – Load and
Resistance Factor Design (LRFD)

 ACI 318-08 Building Code Requirements for Structural

Concrete

 API 650 Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage

 ISO 10816 Evaluation of Machinery Vibration by

Measurements of Non-Rotating Parts

 AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges

 UBC 1997 Uniform Building Code (only for seismic zone

definition)

 IBC 2006 International Building Code

 

 ASCE Design of Blast Resistant Buildings in

petrochemical Facilities
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3 Reference Documents

3.1 Project Specifications

00251210DASG1A027 GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR CIVIL AND

STRUCTURAL DESIGN CRITERIA

00251210DAST1A001 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN CRITERIA

00251210DAST3Z002 STEEL STRUCTURE DESIGN CRITERIA

00251210DAST3Z003 BUILDINGS DESIGN CRITERIA

00251210DASG1A018 CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL BASIS OF DESIGN

00250600BGSG09005 SITE & CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

3.2 Project Standards and Design Practices

00251210DASG1A041 GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR FOUNDATIONS

FOR VIBRATING MACHINERY

4 Design Loads
Foundations and structures shall be designed for all loads and combination listed
below.

4.1 Self Weight and Permanent load (G)

The permanent load shall be the self weight of all the structural and non-
structural components of a building or structure, including fireproofing, if present,
insulation and casing, forming permanent part of the structure and foundation.
(Note: insulation and casing shall not be considered in erection case).
The specific gravity of materials shall be assumed as follows:

 Density of reinforced concrete 25.00 kN/m³

 Density of plain concrete 24.00 kN/m³
 Density of structural steel 78.50 kN/m³

4.2 Fireproofing load

Material adopted for passive fire protection and structures or pipe racks to be
fireproofed shall be defined according to hazard assessment and
00250600BASG10014 “General Specification for Cementitious Concrete
Fireproofing”.
4.3 Live Load (L, Lr)

"Live Loads" (L) shall be the imposed and moving loads on the structure, floor,

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platform, walkway or stair due to operation and intermittent loads including:

a) Personnel, portable machinery, tools and equipment

b) Material to be temporarily stored during maintenance, such as exchanger
parts, pipe and fittings, valves.
c) Material normally stored during operation such as tools, maintenance
equipment, catalyst and chemicals.
d) Storage weights

Platforms, floors walkways, stairs and ladders for all structures shall be designed
for the applied live load specified below:

Classification Live Load

2
General and Maintenance 5.0 kN/m or the actual load,
areas of equipment, structures, whichever is greater.
operating floors and platforms.
Vessel platform 4.0 kN/m2
Platform and floors subject to tube 7.5 kN/m2
bundle removal loads
Switch Gear room, Control room, HVAC 4.8 kN/m2
room floor
Office 2.4 kN/m2
Lobby, corridor 4.8 kN/m2
Access area of equipment, 2.5 kN/m2 or a point load of 3.0 kN.
structures, walkways, etc.
Access platforms serving 2.5 kN/m2 or a point load of 3.0 kN.
towers and vessels
Storage areas 7.5 kN/m2 or actual loading if
greater.
Handrails Concentrated load of 1.0 kN in
downward and outward direction,
acting at top handrail.
Stairs and Landings A moving concentrated load of 5.0
kN or 5.0 kN/m2 uniform load.
Whichever is more critical
Ladders A minimum concentrated load of a
1.0 kN at rung centre and two loads
of 1.0 kN each concentrated
between any two consecutive
attachments
Flat roofs Loading for flat roofs sloping less
than 10 degrees and accessible for
inspection and repair only shall be
1.0 kN/m2 applied to the horizontal
projection of the roof. 0.6 KN/m2 for
non accessible for inspection (equal
and more than 10 degrees). In

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Classification Live Load

addition all roof members shall be
checked for a single load of 2.0 kN.

Loadings for floors, stairs, and roof (Lr, live load on roof) in buildings shall
conform to the requirements of ASCE-7 and IBC 2006.
In case exceptional live loads are present, the same shall be carefully evaluated
and taken into consideration during detailed design.

4.4 Equipment and Piping Loads (E, P)

The equipments (such as vessels, heat exchangers, stacks, pumps, pipe etc.)
load shall be the empty weight of equipment only, inclusive of internal and
external parts, thermal insulation, platforms and pipes directly supported by the
equipment.
Electrical feeders, internal partition, false ceiling etc. supported by the structure
shall be also considered as an equipment load.

Equipment dead loads shall consist of the following:

a) Erection dead load (Ew): Weight of the empty equipment without insulation,
removable internals, or external attachments.
b) Operating dead load (Eo): Operating dead load with internal insulation,
intervals, external attachments and operating contents weight.
c) Test dead load (Et): Operating dead load with internal insulation omitted, if
applicable, except the equipment shall be filled with the test contents in
place of the operating contents.
When more than one vessel is supported by a structure, the latter need only
be designed on the basis that only one vessel is filled at any one time with
the others empty or still in operation.

For piping loads the following loads shall be considered:

a) Erection dead load (Pw): Weight of empty piping.
b) Operating dead load (Po): Operating piping dead load filled with the
operating contents
c) Test dead load (Pt): Weight of piping filled with the test contents in place of
the operating contents.

The following requirements apply to elevated and grade level pipes up to 12"
diameter. For larger pipes individual conditions must be investigated. Process
piping dead load shall be the empty weight of pipe which, in absence of indication
from piping design, can be estimated as 60% of the weight of the pipe full of
water, or operation condition.

Vertical test load on structure supporting up to four pipes (in addition to pipes
dead load) shall be taken as the weight of water in full pipes.

Vertical test load on structure supporting more than four pipes (in addition to
pipes dead load) shall be taken as half the weight of water in full pipes applied to
produce maximum stresses.

Generally the plant layout will avoid the need for elevated piperacks but if
required, shall as a minimum, be designed for the following:

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Min vertical loading = 1.70 kN/m2 on plan area

Vertical load on ties = 15 kN centrally
Compression load on ties = 15% of load on adjacent column, unless otherwise
specified by pipe stress department (2D Frame analysis only)
Minimum piping load of 2.5kN/m on longitudinal beam.

The above mentioned prescriptions shall be considered as minimum

requirements in design of the structure/foundation supporting the piping.

4.5 Thermal Loads from Piping and Equipment (Tr, Th)

Pipe anchors (Tr) shall be designed for the forces developed from the line
stressing.
When more than one anchor is supported on one support actual directions of
thrusts shall be considered, but in any case members shall be designed to resist
at least each single anchor thrust as a minimum. Anchor support members in
structures shall be suitably braced to reduce deflection to a minimum.
Horizontal load on the anchor bays (Tr) shall be taken as the greatest of:

- Anchor force from pipe stress section

- 15% of piping vertical loads from 4 bays length (applied directly on the
columns of anchor bay)
- 40 kN applied uniformly directly on the columns of anchor bay.

The mentioned loads, applicable only for anchor bay (i.e. vertical bracing bay),
shall be considered for the design of columns, longitudinal beams, bracing and
relevant foundation.

"Thermal Pipe Loading" (Th) shall be the load acting upon a structure due to
change in temperature of pipes, machinery or process equipment.

Pipe anchors (Tr) and Thermal piping loading (Th) shall act simultaneously.

The longitudinal thermal load on a pipeway shall be taken as 15% of the

operating pipe load. These forces shall not be distributed to the foundation.

For pipe anchor forces transferred by longitudinal girders to structural anchors

the forces shall be distributed to the foundations.

When thermal expansion results in friction between equipment and supports, the
friction force shall be taken as the operating load on the support factored with
friction coefficients given in the table below.

Surfaces Friction Factor

Steel to Steel 0.33
‘Lubrite’ or equivalent to steel 0.15
‘Teflon to Teflon’ 0.10
Steel to Grout 0.40
Graphite to Graphite 0.15

Note: Use 'Lubrite' only if bearing stress or temperature range prohibits the use of
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'Teflon'.

The horizontal force acting on members supporting exchangers and horizontal

vessels shall be applied as follows:

 The friction force at the 'free' end of vessel is applied at both 'fixed' and
'free' end.
 Any external thermal force is applied directly to the 'fixed' end.

Both supports will be designed as for the 'fixed' end.

4.6 Cable Trays (Ct)

Refer to the information in the sectional data of civil information.

4.7 Erection Load (Er)

The loads during erection shall be established by taking account of the erection
sequence for each structure.

4.8 Cranes and Lifting Appliances (C)

For structures carrying machinery and moving loads, in absence of information

provided by the equipment manufacturer, the assumed live load shall not be less
than the following:

Electric Hand
Operation Operation
Vertical loads - increase static
wheel loads by
25% 10%
Horizontal force transverse to
rails taken as percentage of 10% 5%
(load + crab weight)
Horizontal force along rails
taken as percentage of (load +
crab weight)
5% 5%

Vertical impact on monorail beams: 25 percent of the hoist capacity.

Longitudinal force on monorail beams: 10 percent of the hoist capacity.
Vertical impact on davits and hitch points: 25 percent of the lifted load.
Lateral force on davits and hitch points: 20 percent of the lifted load.

4.9 Bundle Pull (F)

The supports of heat exchangers shall be designed to withstand the tube bundle
pushing and pulling forces along the longitudinal axis of the heat exchanger. The
forces shall be based on the type of fluid on the shell side of the exchanger. For
crude residue, cracked tar, and similar services, 150 percent of the weight of the
tube bundle shall be used. For distilled oil, vapour, clean water, and steam, 100
percent shall be used. The foundation at the fixed end shall be designed for 100
percent of the calculated pushing and pulling force, and the foundation at the
sliding end shall be designed for at least 50 percent of the calculated pushing
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and pulling force. These loads are considered in load combinations as

maintenance load

4.10 Sand Load (S)

Sand load shall be derived from local experience of sandstorms that can continue
for 7 days, as per 00250600BGSG09005 “Site and Climatic Conditions”.
Sand load shall be additive to live loads only when the area under construction is
used as a work area.
The effect of sand accumulating behind walls and upstands shall be considered
in the design of walls and roofs.

4.11 Differential Settlement (D)

The variability of the soil strata may result in differential settlement. The resulting
bending moments, shear and axial forces shall be considered.

4.12 Load acting on vibrating machine foundations (V)

See specification n.00251210DASG1A041

4.13 Thermal Load from Environmental Conditions (Te)

The thermal effects due to temperature variation need to be taken into account in
calculations, especially for structures expose to external air, considering a ∆t of
±30°.

The thermal load shall be applied in any case in the design of the structure.

The linear deformations due to the temperature variation shall be evaluated

considering a thermal expansion coefficient of:

Steel Structures: 1.2x10-5

Concrete Structures: 1.0x10-5

4.14 Wind Load (W)

Buildings and structures shall be calculated with regard to the wind action
according to the requirement of ASCE-7/05 and to 00250600BGSG09005 “Site
and Climatic Conditions”.
The following parameters shall be adopted:

Basic wind speed 45 m/s

Importance factor 1.15
Exposure factor C
Category IV
Importance factor 1.15

The wind velocity pressure shall be evaluated as per section 6.5.10 as follow:

qz=0.613KzKztKdV2I
Kzt : topographic factor =1.0
Kd : directionality factor=0.85
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Table Velocity Pressures (qz) for Exposure ‘C’

Height above Velocity pressure Height above Velocity pressure

Ground level intensity qz (N/m2) Ground level intensity qz (N/m2)

0 ~ 4.6 m 1030 ~ 30.0 m 1531

~ 5.0 m 1050 ~ 40.0 m 1626

~ 10.0 m 1215 ~ 50.0 m 1704

~ 15.0 m 1323 ~ 60.0 m 1771

~ 20.0 m 1405 ~ 70.0 m 1829

Design wind load for buildings and other structures shall be determined as per
sections from 6.5.12 to 6.5.15 of ASCE-7/05.

Wind loads on piping or equipment supported on, or in, steel or concrete frames
shall be added to the wind loads on the frames.

Design wind load on an open type structure shall be the sum of the design wind
loads on its parts, taking into account effects of both shielding and group action
of the parts.

If a percentage of the gross area is used to calculate wind load on an open

structure containing more than one piece of equipment, vessel and other larger
parts shall be considered separately in computing the total wind load.

Wind loads on rack type pipe supports shall be assumed as follows:

a) Transverse wind at each level of rack, F= qz Gh Cf (Sb hw).

Where:

qz = Wind velocity pressure at height “z” above ground

Gh = Gust effect factor
Cf = Force coefficient
• For round shaped equipment : 0.8
(including vertical and horizontal vessel)
• For structural shape : 2.0
• For cable tray : 1.75

Dm = Diameter of largest pipe

Wr = Width of pipe rack
Sb = Bent spacing of pipe supports
hw = Values of windstrip height

The windstrip height in accordance with ASCE - “Wind loads and anchor bolt
design for petrochemical facilities”, shall be taken as:

hw = Dm + 0.1 Wr

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The area of all columns and the area of the outter beams should be used in the
wind load calculations. Refer to the figure below

b) For wind blowing in the longitudinal direction

A minimum longitudinal load to be evaluated considering a drag coefficient
Cfr = 0.05 for each square meter of horizontal pipe rack surface.

Allowance shall be made for equipment, platforms, ladders, columns, longitudinal

beams or other objects attached to the pipe rack.
If equipment such as air coolers are placed on pipe rack, the longitudinal wind
shall be considered.
Shielding: No allowance shall be made for shielding of vessels from horizontal
loads by nearby equipment except under unusual conditions.

4.15 Seismic Load (Se)

Buildings and structures shall be designed with regard to the seismic action
according to the requirement of UBC 1997, ASCE 7 and to
00250600BGSG09005 “Site and Climatic Conditions”. (UBC only for seismic
zone definition)
For the calculation of seismic action the following parameters shall be adopted:

Importance factor I = 1.25

All other parameters shall be defined according to UBC 1997 and Soil Report.

Seismic design for storage tanks at grade shall be in accordance with API 650
“Welded Steel Tanks or Oil Storage”, considering the following parameters:

Importance factor I = 1.25

All other parameters shall be defined according to API 650 and Soil Report.

The seismic design parameters shall be defined according to the soil type, site
location and condition described in the geotechnical report.

4.15.1 Seismic Force Calculation

(1) Seismic Base Shear

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The seismic base shear,V, in a given direction shall be determined in accordance with the
following equation:

• V = Cs W

Where:

Cs = the seismic response coefficient from Section [Link] of ASCE 7-05

W = the effective seismic weight from Section 12.7.2 of ASCE 7-05

The effective seismic weight, W, of a structure include the total dead load and other loads
lists below:

- In areas used for storage, a minimum of 25 percent of the floor live load (floor live
load in public garages and open parking structures need not be included).
- Where provision for partitions is required by Section 4.2.2 of ASCE 7-05 in the
floor load design, the actual partition weight or a minimum weight of 0.48 kn/m2 of
floor area, whichever is greater,
- Total operation weight of permanent equipment.

(2) Seismic Response Coefficient

• Cs = Sds / (R/I)

Where:

Sds = the design spectral response acceleration parameter in the short

period rage as determined from Section 11.4.4 of ASCE 7-05
I = the occupancy importance factor
R = the response modification factor as determined from Table 15.4-1 &
12.2-1 of ASCE 7-05

4.16 Blast Load (B)

The blast, fragment impact and thermal radiation load information shall be
obtained from a hazard assessment.

4.17 Paving and Trench Cover Loads

Concrete paving and cover slab in heavy traffic zone shall be designed with a
vertical load of 145 kN, considering an HS-20 truck load.

Concrete paving and cover slab in light traffic zone shall be designed with a
vertical load of 13.6 kN.

Cover slab in area with no vehicular access shall be designed considering a

uniform load of 5 kN/m2.

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5 Load Combinations

5.1 Ordinary R.C buildings

All ordinary R.C. buildings and their foundations shall be designed according to
ACI 318-08.
The live load for building shall be evaluated according to ASCE-7/05.

The following notations are used:

- G dead load
- E equipment
- P Piping Load
- Ct Cable tray
- L live load, except roof live load
- Lr roof live load
- D differential settlement
- W wind load
- Te thermal environmental load
- S sand load
- Se seismic load
- B blast load

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE COMBINATIONS

Required strength of the structure shall be at least equal to the effect of the
factored loads hereafter indicated, combined according to ASCE-7/05

1) 1.4 (G + E + P + Ct)
2) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct + D + Te) + 1.6 L + 0.5 Lr
3) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct + D + Te) + 1.6 L + 0.5 S
4) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct) + 1.6 Lr + L
5) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct) + 1.6 S + L
6) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct) + 1.6 Lr ± 0.8 W
7) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct) + 1.6 S ± 0.8 W
8) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 1.6 W + L + 0.5 Lr
9) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 1.6 W + L + 0.5 S
10) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 1.0 Se + L + 0.2 S
11) 0.9 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 1.6 W
12) 0.9 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 1.0 Se
13) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct) + 1.0 B + 0.5 L
14) 1.2 (G + E + P + Ct) + 1.0 B + 0.2 S

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE COMBINATIONS

The serviceability limit states for the structure shall be checked with regards to
the effects of the factored loads hereafter indicated, combined according to
ASCE-7/05

1) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct)
2) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) + 1.0 (L + D + Te)
3) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) + 1.0 Lr
4) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) + 1.0 S

This document is property of eni Iraq B.V.

It shall neither be shown to Third Parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
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5) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) + 0.75 (L + D + Te + Lr)

6) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) + 0.75 (L + D + Te + S)
7) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 1.0 W
8) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 0.7 Se
9) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 0.75 W + 0.75 (L + Lr)
10) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 0.75 W + 0.75 (L + S)
11) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 0.7 Se + 0.75 (L + Lr )
12) 1.0 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 0.7 Se + 0.75 (L + S)
13) 0.6 (G + E + P + Ct) ± W
14) 0.6 (G + E + P + Ct) ± 0.7 Se

5.2 R.C Structures and Foundations supporting Steel/Concrete Structures or

Equipment

These items shall be designed according to ACI 318-08 requirements but

considering the load concomitance given hereafter for operation, test, erection
and blast condition.
The following notations are used:

- G dead load, self weight of structural and non structural component.

- Ew equipment erection load
- Eo equipment operation load
- Et equipment test load
- Pw Piping erection load
- Po Piping operation load
- Pt Piping test load
- Ct Cable tray
- L live load
- W wind load
- C cranes and lifting appliance load
- Th friction force from pipes, exchangers and horizontal vessels when
sliding on their supports due to thermal effects.
- Tr anchor force exerted by restrained piping/equipment.
- Te force due to season temperature variation.
- Er erection load
- S sand load
- F bundle pull
- D differential settlement
- V vibration load
- B blast load
- Se seismic load

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE COMBINATIONS

Required strength of the structure shall be at least equal to the effect of the
factored loads hereafter indicated, combined according to ASCE-7/05.

Operating Condition without wind:

1) 1.4 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Th + Tr + Te)
2) 1.2 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Th + Tr + Te) + 1.6 (L + V + C + S + F)
3) 1.2 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct) + 1.6 F
4) 1.2 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct) + 1.6 F + (L + C + S)

This document is property of eni Iraq B.V.

It shall neither be shown to Third Parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
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Operating Condition with wind:

5) 1.2 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Tr + Te) ± 1.6 W + (L + V + C + S + F)
6) 1.2 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Tr + Te) ± 0.8 W + 1.6 (L + V + C + S + F)

Test Condition:
7) 1.4 (G + Et + Pt + Ct + D)
8) 1.2 (G + Et + Pt + Ct + D) ± 0.80 W + (C + L + V)

Erection Condition:
9) 0.9 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct + Er) ± 1.6 W
10) 1.2 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct + Er) ± 0.8 W + 1.6 (L + C + S)

Seismic Condition:
11) 1.2 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + Tr) ± 1.0 Se + 1.0 (L + V + S)
12) 0.9 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + Tr) ± 1.0 Se

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE COMBINATIONS

The serviceability limit states for the structure shall be checked with regards to
the effects of the factored loads hereafter indicated, combined according to
ASCE-7/05.

Operating Condition without wind:

1) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Th + Tr + Te)
2) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Th + Tr + Te) + 1.0 (L + V + C + S + F)

Operating Condition with wind:

3) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Tr + Te) ± 1.0 W
4) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Tr + Te) ± 0.75 W + 0.75 (L + V + C + S + F)

Test Condition:
5) 1.0 (G + Et + Pt + Ct + D) ± 0.50 W
6) 1.0 (G + Et + Pt + Ct + D) ± 0.38 W + 0.75 (C + L + V)

Erection Condition:
7) 1.0 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct + Er) ± 1.0 W
8) 1.0 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct + Er) ± 0.75 W + 0.75 (L + C + S)
9) 1.0 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct) + 1.0 F
10) 1.0 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct) + 0.75 F + 0.75 (L + C + S)

Seismic Condition:
11) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + Tr) ± 0.7 Se
12) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + Tr) ± 0.53 Se + 0.75 (L + V + S)

5.3 Steel Structures Supporting Equipment or Service Steel Structure

These items shall be designed according to AISC requirements but considering

the load concomitance given hereunder.
The following notations are used:

- G dead load, self weight of structural and non structural component..

- Ew equipment erection load
- Eo equipment operation load
- Et equipment test load
This document is property of eni Iraq B.V.
It shall neither be shown to Third Parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.
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- Pw Piping erection load

- Po Piping operation load
- Pt Piping test load
- Ct Cable tray
- L live load
- W wind load
- C cranes and lifting appliance load
- Th friction force from pipes, exchangers and horizontal vessels
when sliding on their supports due to thermal effects.
- Tr anchor force exerted by restrained piping/equipment.
- Te force due to season temperature variation.
- Er erection load
- S sand load
- D differential settlement
- V vibration load
- B blast load
- Se seismic load

ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE COMBINATIONS

Required strength of the structure shall be at least equal to the effect of the
factored loads hereafter indicated, combined according to ASCE-7/05.

Operating Condition without wind:

1) 1.4 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Th + Tr + Te)
2) 1.2 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Th + Tr + Te) + 1.6 (L + V + C + S)

Operating Condition with wind:

3) 1.2 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Tr + Te) ± 1.6 W + (L + V + C + S)
4) 1.2 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Tr + Te) ± 0.8 W + 1.6 (L + V + C + S)

Test Condition:
5) 1.4 (G + Et + Pt + Ct + D)
6) 1.2 (G + Et + Pt + Ct + D) ± 0.80 W + (C + L + V)

Erection Condition:
7) 0.9 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct + Er) ± 1.6 W
8) 1.2 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct + Er) ± 0.8 W + 1.6 (L + C + S)

Seismic Condition:
9) 1.2 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + Tr) ± 1.0 Se + 1.0 (L + V + S)
10) 0.9 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + Tr) ± 1.0 Se

SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE COMBINATIONS

The serviceability limit states for the structure shall be checked with regards to
the effects of the factored loads hereafter indicated, combined according to
ASCE-7/05.

Operating Condition without wind:

1) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Th + Tr + Te)
2) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Th + Tr + Te) + 1.0 (L + V + C + S)

Operating Condition with wind:

This document is property of eni Iraq B.V.
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3) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Tr + Te) ± 1.0 W

4) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + D + Tr + Te) ± 0.75 W + 0.75 (L + V + C + S)

Test Condition:
5) 1.0 (G + Et + Pt + Ct + D) ± 0.50 W
6) 1.0 (G + Et + Pt + Ct + D) ± 0.38 W + 0.75 (C + L + V)

Erection Condition:
7) 1.0 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct + Er) ± 1.0 W
8) 1.0 (G + Ew + Pw + Ct + Er) ± 0.75 W + 0.75 (L + C + S)

Seismic Condition:
9) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + Tr) ± 0.7 Se
10) 1.0 (G + Eo + Po + Ct + Tr) ± 0.53 Se + 0.75 (L + V + S)

If necessary, in order to have a good representation of the real loading conditions,

additional combinations should be analyzed.

This document is property of eni Iraq B.V.

It shall neither be shown to Third Parties nor used for purposes other than those for which it has been sent.