INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
COURSE TITLE: FUNDAMENTAL OF DATABASE SYSTEMS
COURSE CODE: COSC2041
Group Assignment
NAME ID_NO
1.BACHA TESFAYE……………………………… 1300472
2.ABENEZER ADUGNAW………………………... 1304967
3.KASAYEAGA………………………………… … 1301719
4.BARUDINUMAR ……………………………….. 1200384
5.ASHENAFIKASA……………………………….. 1300402
6. AWEKE ADISE………………………………….. 1306207
Submitted to: Mr. SEID M
WOLDIA, ETHIOPIA
FUNDAMETALS OF DATABASE ASSIGNMENT
ASSIGNMENT TITLE: HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Definition: Hospital management system is an integrated software that handles
different directions clinic workflows. It manages the smooth healthcare
performance along with administrative, legal and financial control.
It is the cornerstone for successful operation of the healthcare facility.
WHAT IS HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Hospital management system software is stage of implementation needs to be
accurate and explicit management system that provides a certain automation of
many vital daily processes.
The hospital system software covers the services that unify and simplify the work
of healthcare professionals as well as their interactions with patients.
The most important thing they are created to streamline various procedures that
meet the needs of all the users. The hospital management system is concentrated
on providing the smooth experience of patients, staff and hospital authorities.
Quality and security is still remaincriteria of the hospital management system
(medical industry).
It is also constant and rapid changes to improve the efficiency of medical services
and satisfaction of patients.
Hospital management system has greatly changed over the last decades. Business
expertise, modern technologies, connected devices, mobile apps, and knowledge of
healthcare the key elements for implementation of hospital management system.
The number of healthcare providers has increased and the patients have wide
choice of medical and the interactions between the hospital and patient can be
simplified.
The hospital management system has opportunity to create the efficient, clear and
fast delivering healthcare model.
FUNCTION OF USING HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
It helps to outline and implement policies, guarantee communication and
coordination between employees, automate routine tasks, design the patient-
oriented workflows, advertise services, manage human and financial resources and
provide the uninterrupted supply chain.
All medical records are protected and only accessible for the allowed users.
The convenient and informative interfaces should correspond to their roles and
responsibilities in order to protect the confidential data.
The hospital management system is the arrangement of necessary, precise and
appropriate data.
It improves quality, efficiency and the system work can be access data at any time.
Automation is one the main benefits, it helps to optimize the user experience,
medical specialists, patients and hospital authorities can interact online to make
appointments and exchange information.
As a general hospital management system is use for different purpose:
o Digital medical records
o Staff interaction
o Facility management
o Financial control and tax planning
o Insurance claims processing
o Less time consuming
o Patient self-service .
o Reduce costs and workload etc.
ER DIAGRAMS FOR HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
An Entity Relationship (ER) Diagram is a type of flowchart that illustrates
how“entities” such as people, objects or concepts relate to each other with a
system.
Hospitals are a very integral part of the infrastructure of society. So, they need to
have good management systems.
To establish a good system, must plan and decide everything. Even after a system
has been established, we need it for proper database that keeps track of everything
that goes on in the hospital.
So to develop a proper hospital management database we can use Entity-
Relationship diagrams. They will help to design an intricate and well thought out
system.
WHY WE USE ER DIAGRAM IN HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Every ER Diagram is different because each is fulfilling different requirement.
Some problems that arise while building a hospital management system are as
follows:
A large number of healthcare providers/doctors work in a hospital.
There is an influx of patients in every hospital. So it is difficult to
maintain such database. Thus, ER diagrams help in analyzing such a
large database with ease.
Since every patient has a medical record, it is very costly to store these
records in hard copy. So, it is better for the records to be stored in softy
copy.
So for the resolution of these issues, ER diagram is created for hospital
management system.
How to create an ER Diagram for hospital management system
Steps of designing an ER diagram for hospital management system.
Step 1: The first step is identifying the main entity of hospital management
system.
Hospital
Patient
Medical Record
Doctor
Step 2: map the entities with its attributes.
Hospital: Hospital_ID, address, name, patient_ID, and doctor_ID.
Patient: patients’_ID, patient’s name, address, diagnosis, record_ID
andHospital_ID.
Medical Record: record_ID, problem, date of examination, and
patien_ID.
Doctor: Doctor_ID, name, qualification, salary and hospital_ID.
Then we identify key attributes for the above attributes.
Hospital_ID, Patients_ID, Record_ID and Doctor_ID are the key
attributes.
Step3:identify the relationship between the entities.
Since a hospital has many patients, thus is one-to-many relationship.
Since a single hospital many doctors, thus is one-to-many
relationship.
Since a single patient have many medical record, thus is one-to-many
relationship.
Since a doctor is associated with many patients, thus is one-to-many
relationship.
Step 4: The last step is to combine all the relationships and draw a complete ER
diagram.
ER Diagrams of Hospital Management System
LName
FName
City
Name Hos_ID HName
Address
Diagnosis Pat_ID
N 1
Hospital
Address Patient Admitted in
1 1
Age
Sex
has
has
NN
Doc_id
Doctor
Medical record Salary
Rec_ID
Qualification
DName
Date of examination Problem
Fname
Lname
Convert ER Diagram into table( relational)
Converting entity to table and attributes to columns
Patient Table
Patient_id Name Street City State Zip Diagnosis FName Lname Age Sex
Hospital Table
Hosp_id Name Street City State
Medical Record Table
Record_id Problem Date of examination
Doctor Table
Doctor_id Name Qualification Salary Fname Lname Sex
Multivalued attribute becomes a separate relation with foreign key.
Doctor Qualification
Doctor_id Qualification
Foreign Key
Normalization of HMS Relational
Is the process (steps) of design database element as an important for database
operations.
It is used to minimize errors and data duplication.
It is a process of evaluating and correcting table structures to minimize data
redundancies and helps eliminate data anomalies.
First normal form (1NF)
Is the process of disallowing or removing foreign key.
Patient Table
Patient_id Name Address Diagnosis Age Sex Fname Lname
Hospital Table
Hosp_id Address Name City Street
Medical Record Table
Record_id Problem Date of examination
Doctor Table
Doctor_id Name Qualification Salary Fname Lname Sex
Second normal form(2NF)
It is the process of removing composite primary key attributes that found in 1NF
but not in 2NF.
Patient Table
Patient_id Name Address Diagnosis Age Sex
Hospital Table
Hosp_id Address Name
Medical Record Table
Record_id Problem Date of examination
Doctor Table
Doctor_id Name Qualification Salary Sex
Third normal form (3NF)
It is the process of removing, non key attributes that found in 2NF andnon
transitive dependency.
Patient Table
Patient_id
Hospital Table
Hosp_id
Medical Record Table
Record_id Problem
Doctor Table
Doctor_id
