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What Is Dale

Edgar Dale originally developed the Cone of Experience in 1946 to describe various learning experiences from the most concrete at the bottom to the most abstract at the top. The Cone shows that students remember the most from practical hands-on experiences. While more abstract experiences like reading and listening are still valuable, doing real things leads to greater retention. Dale's Cone should be used in second language classrooms by incorporating experiences from all levels, appealing to different senses and learning styles, rather than relying only on more abstract experiences like reading.

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Jay Louie Jarbonido
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33 views3 pages

What Is Dale

Edgar Dale originally developed the Cone of Experience in 1946 to describe various learning experiences from the most concrete at the bottom to the most abstract at the top. The Cone shows that students remember the most from practical hands-on experiences. While more abstract experiences like reading and listening are still valuable, doing real things leads to greater retention. Dale's Cone should be used in second language classrooms by incorporating experiences from all levels, appealing to different senses and learning styles, rather than relying only on more abstract experiences like reading.

Uploaded by

Jay Louie Jarbonido
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

What is Dale’s Cone of Experience?

The Cone was originally developed by Edgar Dale in 1946 and was intended as a way to describe various learning experiences. The
diagram presented to the right (Raymond S. Pastore, Ph.D) is a modification of Dale’s original Cone; the percentages given relate to
how much people remember and is a recent modification. Essentially, the Cone shows the progression of experiences from the most
concrete (at the bottom of the cone) to the most abstract (at the top of the cone). It is important to note that Dale never intended the
Cone to depict a value judgment of experiences; in other words, his argument was not that more concrete experiences were better than
more abstract ones. Dale believed that any and all of the approaches could and should be used, depending on the needs of the learner.

How should the Cone be interpreted?


The figure above shows what students will be able to do at each level of the Cone (the learning outcomes they will be able to achieve)
relative to the type of activity they are doing (reading, hearing, viewing images, etc.). The numerical figures on the left side of the
image, what people will generally remember, indicate that practical, hands-on experience in a real-life context will allow students to
remember best what they do. Again, it is important to remember that this doesn’t mean reading and listening are not valuable learning
experiences, simply that “doing the real thing” can lead to the retention of the largest amount of information. This is in part because
those experiences near the bottom of the Cone, closer to and including real-world experiences, make use of more of our senses; it is
believed that the more senses that are used, the greater our ability to learn from and remember an event or experience.

How can Dale’s Cone be used to enhance SL learning?


As stated above, the Cone should not be interpreted as indicating that teachers shouldn’t make use of reading, listening, viewing
experiences and the like. These are all valuable and important parts of learning a second language and all have a place in the B-SLIM
model. What should be taken from reviewing Dale’s Cone of Experience is that experiences at ALL of the levels described should be
used in the second language classroom. Just as Gardner describes the Multiple Intelligences and appealing to them all, Dale’s Cone
emphasizes learning experiences that appeal to the different senses and the different ways in which we learn.
RHIVEX DeW-COLA SuRe.

Reading Demonstration

Hearing Workshop
Images Collaborative Lessons

Visuals Simulation

EXhibits Real Thing

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