NETHERLANDS MARITIME UNIVERSITY COLLEGE

GROUP ASSIGNMENT

SUBJECT CODE DMS 2523

SUBJECT TITLE HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

SESSION SEMESTER II 2022 (MAY – SEPT)

LECTURER NAME MISS NUR AIN FATIHAH BINTI ABDUL RAZAK

DIPLOMA IN MARITIME OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
PROGRAM
HEALTH

STUDENT NAME ID
NUR TAJ MAHAL NURIN BINTI ABD RAZAK 1210103237
NUR AISHAH BINTI AYOB 1210103232
RODNEE CLAY VICTOR 1210103266
EYMRAN AKEEM BIN MOHD SUHAIMI 1210103222
MUHAMMAD NAQIB BIN AHMAD TAMIZI 1210103236
(All above to be filled in by student)

EXAMINER ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

1st Examiner

2nd Examiner

Weightage

Total mark (%)

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Contents
1.0 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.0 Characteristics of Hazardous Waste .......................................................................................... 4
3.0 Related law enactment ................................................................................................................. 6
4.0 Control Measure ............................................................................................................................ 8
4.1 Packaging ................................................................................................................................... 8
4.2 Labelling ...................................................................................................................................... 8
4.3 Storage ...................................................................................................................................... 10
4.4 Transportation .......................................................................................................................... 12
4.5 Emergency Spillage Plan ....................................................................................................... 14
5.0 APPENDIX.................................................................................................................................... 17
6.0 REFERENCES............................................................................................................................. 20

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1.0 Introduction
Waste that is toxic and capable of harming both people and the environment is referred
to as hazardous waste. Batteries and other industrial production trash, as well as waste in the
forms of solid, liquid, gas, and sludge, are just a few examples of the many sources that
produce hazardous waste. Both the quantity of hazardous waste products and the issues with
how and where they are stored are growing. Hazardous waste is a problem that needs to be
solved. The Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for regulating hazardous waste
in industry (EPA). With the use of corporate practice regulation, this organization will work to
safeguard both the environment and public health. The management of hazardous waste,
nevertheless, is likewise rife with mistakes.

Issues in company

The first issue is the failure to provide labelling for paint sludge. In this problem, it was
found that the workers responsible for handling this labelling did not label the paint sludge
container according to the regulations set in the Environmental Quality Act 2005 (EQA). The
label informs the workers about the particular hazardous substance. Although labels offer
crucial information to anybody who handles, consumes, stores, or transports dangerous
substances, their capacity to do so is constrained by design. The more comprehensive source
for information on hazardous substances is Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), which are required to
be included with dangerous chemicals. This negligence will cause other workers not to know
the type and danger of the chemical. The worker should properly label the scheduled waste
according to the Environmental Quality standard schedule and marked with the waste code
as scheduled in the EQA.

Next issues is that there is no proper storage area for waste materials. In this problem,
it was found that the company did not provide a room to store chemical containers and kept
them in the wrong place. Hazardous materials must be contained both to prevent
contamination of the environment and to safeguard workers who enter locations where
hazardous materials are handled and stored. The main factor contributing to industrial fires is
improper handling and storage of flammable liquids. The safe storage of flammable liquids
can prevent millions of dollars in damage and save the employees' lives. Storage of chemical
containers in the open such as exposed to sunlight can cause the chemical to become active
and possibly cause a fire and explosion.

The third is rags contaminated with oil not properly disposed. In this problem, workers
responsible for handling contaminated rags need to collect and store them in appropriate
containers. The storage of this container also needs to be kept in a safe and easily identifiable
place until the end of the observation conducted by the DOE and also until the disposal day

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arrives. If not stored safely, rags contaminated with oil may be used by other workers to wipe
up contaminants other than oil. In addition, if left exposed to high heat stress, it is possible that
the rags can burn easily. If oily rags are thrown out in garbage cans or dumpsters, they can
easily catch fire and cause a major disaster. If the oily rags catch fire within the garbage can,
surrounding objects like other rubbish, it will also catch fire, increasing the danger to the
attending firefighters and the people inside the building.

2.0 Characteristics of Hazardous Waste

SW 410

SW 410 is a waste which may contain either inorganic or organic constituents such as
rag, plastic, paper or filter contaminated with scheduled waste. This waste is always used in
most industries.

For the corrosivity, among the classification of substances or mixtures is that this waste
is corrosive to the skin and can cause skin irritation under category 2. In addition, it can also
cause damage and irritation to the eyes under category 2A. This category of waste is also
known as combustible dust. The pH value of this waste is 10.5 and this shows that this waste
is alkaline in nature. For the toxicity, the effect that an individual will experience if exposed to
this waste is to experience irritation and tears to the eyes and skin if the exposure occurs
excessively. Next, individuals will also experience irritation on the respiratory tract if exposed
excessively with this waste but, no acute health effects will occur. For the ignitibility, this waste
can form in the concentration of flammable dust in the air. However, information for the flash
point, vapor density and vapor pressure are not available. The explosive nature of this waste
is the explosive nature of the mixture but it has not yet been measured but it has been
determined that one or more of the components of this mixture have the potential to combine
explosively with the air when suspended as a dust cloud. For the reactivity, this waste is stable
at standard pressures and temperatures and won't respond on its own in terms of reactivity.
This waste also contains potent acids and oxidizing agents. When hydrofluoric acid comes
into touch with something, it reacts by releasing poisonous fumes into the air. Therefore, it's
important to prevent this waste from the airborne dust generation process and the dust
collection procedure. Aside from that, stay away from extreme temperatures and excessive
sunlight.

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SW 417
SW 417 is a waste of ink, paint, pigment, lacquer, dye or varnish. This waste is
commonly used in the manufacturing industry, printing, textile, automobile, furniture industry
and so on.

For ignitibility, the flash point for this waste was found not available. Based on the
referenced SDS, the flammability of this waste is unknown. This waste is also an oxidizer and
no information about explosion limit, vapor pressure as well as vapor density. The stability of
this chemical is stable under normal conditions for example under the recommended storage
and handling conditions prescribed. A dangerous reaction if in contact with chemicals such as
strong acids or bases can cause gas generation. There is no information for the explosion
limit. Furthermore, for its reactivity, the waste should be avoided from being exposed to
extreme heat or freezing temperatures. For the toxicity, the effect that will be experienced if
exposed to this waste is that when it comes into contact with the skin directly it will cause the
individual to experience skin irritation. If waste is exposed for a long time, the irritation on the
skin will be worse. In addition, for acute exposure, if the exposure is in large quantities, it may
harm the exposed individual and if the waste is found to be hot or still foggy, the individual
who inhales it will experience irritation to the nose, throat and respiratory tract. Side effects
can cause nausea and vomiting. Next, if the waste is exposed to the eyes it can cause eye
irritation. For the corrosivity, the hazard category for this waste is non-toxic because it does
not meet the classification criteria according to the hazard communication set by OSHA.
Furthermore, it can cause irritation to the skin and eyes. The pH value of this waste is between
8.8 and 9.2. This shows that this waste is alkaline in nature.

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3.0 Related law enactment
These rules concern Environmental Quality, often known as Scheduled Waste. Any
waste that falls into the category of waste listed in the First Schedule is referred to as
scheduled waste, whereas incompatible scheduled waste is a scheduled waste specified in
the Fourth Schedule that when mixed will result in hazardous situations such as heat
generation, fire, explosion, or toxic substance release. Each waste generator is responsible
for ensuring that its planned garbage is adequately maintained, treated on-site, recycled on-
site, or supplied or received in defined regions for processing, disposal, or recovery of such
organized waste material or product.

Regulation 10 concerns the labelling of planned waste. The date when the planned
waste is first generated must include the waste generator's name, address, and phone number
and must be labelled appropriately on the container used to keep the scheduled waste. This
is because it detects the chemical that has to be transferred or stored with simplicity.
Scheduled waste containers must be correctly labelled according to the type of waste applied
to them, as specified in the Third Schedule, and tagged with the scheduled waste code, as
specified in the First Schedule, for identification and warning purposes.

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 In Regulation 11 requires waste producers to retain a list of scheduled trash on hand.
According to the Fifth Schedule, waste producers are required to maintain an accurate and
up-to-date inventory of the amounts of planned waste categories to be manufactured,
processed, disposed of, and disposed of, as well as materials or products to be derived from
such planned garbage. Second, these conditions are covered by Regulation 9 (1) Storage of
Scheduled Wastes. This lubricating oil must be stored in containers that are appropriate for
the wastes being stored, durable, and capable of avoiding waste spills or leakage into the
environment.

In order to successfully follow this regulation is by the company follow the Occupational
Safety Health Act 1994, Section 15 by making arrangements for ensuring, so far as is
practicable, safety and absence of risks to health in connection with the use or operation,
handling, storage, and transport of plant and substances to make sure the substance will not
harm the environment or human.

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4.0 Control Measure
4.1 Packaging
Packaging process is a process or activity on how to package a certain object in a proper
container. Also, there are few conditions that needs to be meet in order to product a good
sample of packaging such as the container should be compatible with the hazardous waste,
high in durability, in a good condition, sturdy and able to absorb impact, able to being kept
close tightly to avoid any chance of spill, as well as suitable for the amount of waste. In this
case, it is about on how to package the hazardous waste in a proper way for example in a
bunghole drum to package the wasted oil. The reason to package the wasted oil is that to
ensure the oil from leaks causing the area to develop certain hazard as it can cause the worker
to slip since oil makes a surface to become oily and smooth. Not only that, given in the figure
3, it shows that the worker could probably clean the leaked wasted oil with rags and are not
disposed properly due to the poor hazardous waste management process. Hence, by
containing the wasted oil in the drum container could prevent any of those leaks and hazard
to be present at the workplace.

4.2 Labelling
Labeling is the process of attaching a piece of paper, plastic, or other similar material on
a packaged items in order to identify the item or to provide the owner or for use instructions
and information of that particular product. Not only that, there are conditions on how to make
a label for example a label should be placed contrasting in color with the background, able to
withstand extreme condition and many more. This can be used as the control measure due to
the fact that the paint sludge in Figure 1 are failed to be labelled to inform that it is a wasted
substance or to be specific it is a wasted paint sludge. As it appears from the code SW 417, it
represents a wasted of paints, inks, pigments, dye and etc. However, the worker still unable
to provide the information regarding those wasted materials as it can be hazardous at the
working environment. The worker should well aware of how dangerous a paint can be as it
can release a dangerous odor in that particular area and affecting the health of the worker and
yet it still overlooked as it is a small matter. By providing label on the hazardous material, we
can already detect of such dangerous material and began to handle it according to the
instruction that has been included in the labelling stickers. There are couple criteria to be
fulfilled in the labelled included:

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 Criteria Example:
a) Product identifier.

b) Supplier identification.

c) Signal word.

d) Hazard statement.

e) Hazard pictogram.

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 f) Precautionary statement.

4.3 Storage
For any facility, storing hazardous or scheduled waste is crucial because it allows for
temporary storage of the waste until it is transported, treated, and disposed of at a designated
location. The waste are kept in two different forms of storage for example on-site storage and
off-site storage. On-site storage, which is where waste is kept inside the premises of the waste
generator before treatment and disposal as opposed to off-site storage is when waste is kept
outside the premises of the waste generator before final treatment and disposal.

Factors

A suitably designated space in the waste generator's premises that is distant from the
processing or manufacturing area and staff activities is one of the things that must be taken
into consideration while storing these wastes. Additionally, storage spaces should be placed
far from any fire or heat sources. Moreover, the chosen place must be clear of floods and other
areas that might flood. Also, the design of the storage room should comply to DOE guidelines
as it is a crucial matter in managing hazardous waste.

Example of improper storage of hazardous Example of the proper storage of

or schedule waste. hazardous or schedule waste.

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Based on Department of Environment (DOE) guidelines
There are numerous guidelines made by DOE that should be complied by a company.
According to DOE guidelines, all storage for scheduled wastes must be appropriately planned,
maintained, and built to avoid leakage and spillage. According to DOE, it also needs to offer
25 percent greater storage capacity than the actual maximum amount of trash that may be
created, as well as enough room to store all scheduled waste that is generated. The storage
period should also not exceed 180 days. In addition, the total amount of storage should not
be greater than 20 metric tonnes. Storage areas need to be gated off and treated as restricted
spaces. Around the storage space, there should be a sump pit available.

Additionally, the design of the storage should be protected or covered with appropriate
covering material and have proper, clearly visible notice. In addition, the storage should be
secured with a lock and be encircled by a concrete bund or dike to control any spills. Each
storage facility should have a distinct compartment for various groups of incompatible wastes,
and the storage room should be well ventilated. The storage room needs to have an
emergency exit and be furnished with fire extinguishers and other safety gear. One pallet
should include no more than four drums or one giant bag for container layout within storage.
Pallet stacking should be limited to two levels, and drums should be placed vertically rather
than horizontally to guarantee stability. The container must be placed with enough space
between groups of containers to facilitate container inspection for spills or leakage and
movement of the lifting equipment procedure.

Storage layout plan. Example of proper placement.

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4.4 Transportation

i. CONTAINER CONDITION

Example of polyethylene Example of stainless Example of use steel tape

drum and plastic steel of drums. and pallets in good
wrapping. condition.

The chemical waste is regulated by Environmental Pollution Agency (EPS). All the
chemical waste needs to inform by company or employer to Environmental Pollution Agency
(EPA) or responsible agency hire by government requires transport to approval waste
treatment for disposal activities in right way in order to protect the environment. Transport is
given special attention by governmental agencies to prevent chemical from leaks during
transportation to landfill.
For the better management of hazardous waste in the company, suitable hazardous
management in transportation such as container condition. Container to be transported shall
be robust and capable to withstand transportation by truck. Also, all drum and bag must be
properly secured to prevent unwanted things from happening. Personnel need to make sure
that the pallets are in good condition. For the drum packaging, the drum should be secured
using plastic wrapping or steel tape and not to forget band. The UL SU2258 requirements for
non-metallic surface tanks for gasoline and other combustible liquids must be followed by
modern oil storage containers. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration's labels
must be correctly applied to places inside oil storage containers. According to this law,
employees are entitled to information about the chemicals they are using. Labels must
therefore list the goods within the storage container, the manufacturer, and describe any risk
the content may have. Stainless steel or polyethylene must be used for oil storage containers.
Ordinary steel is out of date, has a propensity to rust and corrode, resulting in oil pollution and
additive leaks. From little oil sampling to massive mass oil storage, polyethylene oil storage
containers have many advantages over stainless steel.

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 ii. RECORD KEEPING OR REPORT

Example of Record Keeping

Within 30 days, the waste generator must notify Department of environment (DOE)
regarding the waste generated at work area. Announcement of the schedule Waste and Waste
Generator are required to maintain an accurate and up-to-date inventory of the types and
quantities of scheduled waste that are produced, disposed of, and stored in the storage area.
Then, according to the sixth schedule of the Environment Quality Act (Scheduled
Waste) Regulation 2005, waste generators, contractors, transporters, and occupiers must
furnish.

iii. PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Employees handling lubricating oil should wear personal protection equipment to

prevent skin contact. For instance, if a risk assessment shows that it is conceivable for eye
contact to occur, the goggle must comply with an approved standard and be worn. The glove's
next function is to shield flesh from significant spills. Last but not least, if an employee
produces oil mist or checks to see if any airborne concentrations are below the occupational
exposure limit for mineral oil mist, they should wear a respirator that is certified and offers
sufficient protection.

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 Example of Goggle. Example of Rubber Example of Respirator.
glove.

4.5 Emergency Spillage Plan

Always take precautions to minimize or eliminate the danger of leakage when transporting,
using, or storing hazardous substances to maintaining the materials separation from water
during an oil or hazardous substance spill incident is crucial for minimizing migration and the
potential increase in human and environmental exposure that could ensue. Accidents can still
occur even when safeguards are taken due to unforeseen circumstances. Every effort should
be made to prevent spills and prioritize containing substances at their source rather than
separating them from enlarged environmental or downstream water areas. Organizations can
lessen risk and the effects of the spill by creating an emergency spillage plan.

i. (Identify the risk)

We will identify the risks and take fast action in the event of a chemical leak while
assessing the risk. As long as the question is pertinent to the situation, we might ask
ourselves (what caused the disaster; how it happened; why it happened). Make making
sure to act as quickly as possible to prevent chemical spills further as it pertains to "the
matter will be smaller the sooner you act.

ii. (Extinguish any Sources)

When material is released from a tank, container, or piece of equipment, specific

steps should be taken right away by remove any potential ignition sources from the
area until it is certain that the substance is not flammable or combustible. Switch off
the truck. Try to shift the spilt substance away from the ignite source if it is stationary.
Avoid movement that could cause static electricity and sparks. If the spill at storage
area, removing and clear the area from any potential sources to minimize the risk to
flammable or spill area become large and potential to effect to ground water.

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iii. (Identify the material)

Identify the chemical and quantity involve to assess the level of risk occur into the
spill by refer to Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) which give the details needed to
correctly identify the traits of the disclosed content. Make sure there is no threat to
human health before making an effort to halt the discharge at its source. During the
transportation or storage work, they will be provided with Material Safety Data Sheets
to easier the workers to identify the material in chemical. If the material is not
hazardous to human health and safety, plugging the leaks or turning valve to stop the
leaks to minimize the spill and make spill area become large. Particularly when dealing
with an emergency response to road spillages, speed and reaction time are crucial.

iv. (Inform to Management)

During the initial minutes following a spill, it is imperative to make the call if you are
unsure of the danger level or think there is any chance that health and safety are at
risk. Inform the Operations Control Room of the occurrence right away. An alarm
should be set off to alert people to leave the building if there is an imminent hazard to
human life. For example, an active fire or workers who are being overcome by fumes.
This will call the fire brigade to the scene. If there has been an unmanageable spill or
if the spill has spread outside the site perimeter, call the Fire Departments hazardous
materials response team for assistance. Must guarantee that the region is kept clear
and that the public is informed of the threat. In a situation like this, communication must
be honest, open, and direct.

v. (Clean-up the spill area)

Recovery and reuse of as much material as feasible should be prioritized. Treat

any substance that lacks the ability to be recycled as hazardous trash. If the scale of
the spill merits it, liquids that have been absorbed by solids should be poured into an
open-top drum. After a cleaning, when the drums are full, secure the lids and label
them to indicate the contents, the date of the spill and cleanup, and the name and
location of the site. Combining incompatible materials may significantly restrict
disposal alternatives or result in potentially hazardous chemical or physical interactions
refer to Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Using the right material, clean the affected
surfaces using soil, water and soap. Reduce, contain, and dispose of the cleanup water
properly.

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vi. (Report)

After the accident under control and spillage has been cleanup, it is necessary to
accurately document the circumstance and record keeping for improve in future. The
oil spill discoverer and the operator who was in charge at the time of the leak, date,
time of the spill, activities, location of spill, causes of the spill, equipment use for
cleaning activities, containment and cleanup action taken, weather conditions and
action taken to prevent the similar accident must all be recorded in the document. Keep
all spill accident reports on file for at least three or five years.

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5.0 APPENDIX

SW 417

17
SW 410

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6.0 REFERENCES
1. Abdul Aziz. N. (n.d). Chapter 4 Transportation management of hazardous chemical
and waste, NMUC, Maritime Occupational Safety and Health, retrieved from Chapter
4 transportation management of hazardous chemical and waste.pp

2. Safety. (n.d.). Retrieved August 4, 2022, from https://selectrode.com/sds/2141-

sds417_5-17.pdf

3. ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT 1974 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

(SCHEDULED WASTES) REGULATIONS 2005 ARRANGEMENT OF

REGULATIONS Regulation. (n.d.).

https://www.env.go.jp/en/recycle/asian_net/Country_Information/Law_N_Regulation/

Malaysia/Malaysia%20EQA%20Scheduled%20Waste%202005.pdf

4. Spill Response Training | 7 Steps to Spill Cleanup. (2013, February 5). [Video].
YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTfWT93pC1A

5. Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005 | Import Licensing

Procedures. (2022). Wto.org. https://importlicensing.wto.org/content/environmental-

quality-scheduled-wastes-regulations-2005

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