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Basic Human Anatomy & Physiology Guide

This document provides an overview of basic human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy and physiology, describing anatomy as the study of the structure of body parts and physiology as the study of how the body works. It describes the four levels of structural organization in the human body from tissues to organs and organ systems. It also defines important anatomical terms, body cavities, planes used to section the body, and homeostasis - the process by which the body maintains stable internal conditions.

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576 views23 pages

Basic Human Anatomy & Physiology Guide

This document provides an overview of basic human anatomy and physiology. It defines anatomy and physiology, describing anatomy as the study of the structure of body parts and physiology as the study of how the body works. It describes the four levels of structural organization in the human body from tissues to organs and organ systems. It also defines important anatomical terms, body cavities, planes used to section the body, and homeostasis - the process by which the body maintains stable internal conditions.

Uploaded by

louisphilippehubert
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

BASIC HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Learning objectives:
Define anatomy & physiology, and explain how they are related Describe each level of organization of the body with reference to an example List the organ systems of the body, and state the major organs associated with each Describe in general the functions of each organ system

Learning Objectives

Use anatomical terms to describe the relative positions of the body parts, the regions of the body, and the planes by which the body can be sectioned List the cavities of the body, and state their locations. Name the organs located in each of the body cavities Describe how a feedback system maintains homeostasis.

definition
Anatomy (Greek) ana + tome to cut off studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another Physiology (Greek) physis = nature + logos = study) studies how the body work
pathophysiologyis concerned with how physiological processes are altered in disease or injury

Levels of Structural Organization

Level of Structural Organization

The four basic tissue types in human body:


Muscle

tissue Nervous tissue Connective tissue Epithelium tissue

Organ discrete structure composed of at least two tissue types

Orientation and Directional Terms

Anatomical position: standing erect, with face forward, arms at the sides, and palms and toes directed forward

Body Planes and Sections

Body Planes and Sections

A sagittal (median) plane extends lengthwise and divides the body into right and left portions.
A

midsagittal plane passes exactly through the midline of the body. Sagittal cuts that are not along the midline are called parasagittal sections.

Body Planes and Sections

A frontal (coronal) plane also extends lengthwise, but it is perpendicular to a sagittal plane and divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior portions. A transverse (horizontal) plane is perpendicular to the bodys long axis and therefore divides the body horizontally to produce a cross section. A transverse cut divides the body or an organ into superior and inferior portions.

Body Cavities

Body Cavities

Homeostasis
in normal, healthy organismsblood pressure, body temperature, and bloodborne factors like oxygen, glucose, and sodium, for exampleare maintained at relatively steady states. Claude Bernard constant internal milieu that is a prerequisite for good health Walter Cannon homeostasis.
stable balance between the physiological variables

assignment
Components of homeostatic control systems, give an example! Negative feedback mechanism, example Positive feddback mechanism, example

"If you love life, life will love you back." !

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