Senior High School

Precalculus
Quarter 2 – SLHT Week 6 & 7
 SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT) 6

Subject: PRECALCULUS Grade Level: 11 Quarter: II Weeks: 6

MELCs: The learners illustrate the domain and range of the inverse trigonometric

functions. (STEM_PC11T-IIh-1)
The learners evaluate an inverse trigonometric expression. (STEM_PC11T-IIh-
2)

Name: ______________________________ Section: _________ Date: __________

School: _____________________________ District: __________________________

A. Readings/Discussions

INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Inverse of a function 𝑓 exits if the function is one–to–one. Since trigonometric

functions are many–to–one over their domains, we restrict their domains to make them one–
to–one and then find their inverse. The domains and ranges of inverse trigonometric
functions are given below.

Inverse Trigonometric Domain Range

Functions

𝑦 = sin−1 𝑥 [−1, 1] 𝜋 𝜋
[− , ]
2 2

𝑦 = cos−1 𝑥 [−1, 1] [0, 𝜋]

𝑦 = tan−1 𝑥 ℝ 𝜋 𝜋
(− , )
2 2

𝑦 = cot −1 𝑥 ℝ (0, 𝜋)

𝑦 = sec −1 𝑥 (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞] 𝜋 3𝜋

[0, ) ∪ (𝜋, ]
2 2

𝑦 = csc −1 𝑥 (−∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞] 𝜋 𝜋

[−𝜋, − ) ∪ (0, ]
2 2

NOTE:

𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧−𝟏 𝒙 𝐨𝐫 𝒚 = 𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙
means
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒚 = 𝒙
To find the value of the inverse sine function 𝑦, look for a value 𝑦 in the corresponding
closed interval for the inverse sine function such that the value of sin 𝑦 equals to 𝑥.

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 The development of all the inverse trigonometric functions follows similarly from the
inverse sine function stated above.

Throughout the lesson, we interchangeably use sin−1 𝑥 and arcsin 𝑥 to mean the
inverse sine function, same goes to the other inverse trigonometric functions.

EXAMPLES: Find the exact value of each expression.

1
1. sin−1
2
Solution:
1
𝑦 = sin−1
2
1 1 1
sin 𝑦 = 𝑦 = sin−1 is equivalent to sin 𝑦 =
2 2 2
𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝜋
𝑦= sin =
2
considering the interval [− 2 , 2 ]
6 6

2. arcsin 0

Solution:
𝑦 = arcsin 0
sin 𝑦 = 0 𝑦 = arcsin 0 is equivalent to sin 𝑦 = 0
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦=0 sin 0 = 0 considering the interval [− , ]
2 2

3. cos−1 0

Solution:
𝑦 = cos −1 0
cos 𝑦 = 0 𝑦 = cos −1 0 is equivalent to cos 𝑦 = 0
𝜋 𝜋
𝑦= cos = 0 considering the interval [0, 𝜋]
2 2

√3
4. arccos (− )
2

Solution:
√3
𝑦 = arccos (− )
2
√3 √3 √3
cos 𝑦 = (− ) 𝑦 = arccos (−
2
) is equivalent to cos 𝑦 = (−
2
)
2
5𝜋 5𝜋 √3
𝑦= cos = (− ) considering the interval [0, 𝜋]
6 6 2

2
5. tan−1 1

Solution:
𝑦 = tan−1 1
tan 𝑦 = 1 𝑦 = tan−1 1 is equivalent to tan 𝑦 = 1
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑦= tan = 1 considering the interval (− , )
4 4 2 2

6. arctan (−√3)

Solution:
𝑦 = arctan(−√3)
tan 𝑦 = −√3 𝑦 = arctan(−√3) is equivalent to tan 𝑦 = −√3
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑦=− tan (− ) = −√3 considering the interval (− , )
3 3 2 2

7. sec −1 (−2)

Solution:
𝑦 = sec −1 (−2)
sec 𝑦 = −2 𝑦 = sec −1 (−2) is equivalent to sec 𝑦 = −2
4𝜋 4𝜋 𝜋 3𝜋
𝑦= sec ( ) = −2 considering the interval [0, 2 ) ∪ (𝜋, 2 ]
3
3

2√3
8. csc −1 (− 3
)

Solution:
2√3
𝑦 = csc −1 (− 3
)
2√3 2√3 2√3
csc 𝑦 = − 𝑦 = csc −1 (− 3
) is equivalent to csc 𝑦 = −
3 3
2𝜋 2𝜋 2√3 𝜋 𝜋
𝑦=− csc (− ) = − 3 considering the interval [−𝜋, − ) ∪ (0, ]
3 3 2 2

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 B. Exercises

Exercise 1

Directions: Find the exact value of each expression.

1. sin−1 1
√2
2. arcsin (− )
2
√3
3. arcsin ( )
2
√3
4. sin−1 (− )
2
√2
5. arcsin (− )
2
𝜋
Example: sin−1 1 =
2

Exercise 2

Directions: Find the exact value of each expression.

1. cos−1 (−1)

2. cos−1 1

√2
3. arccos (− )
2
√3
4. arccos ( )
2
√2
5. cos−1 ( )
2
Example: cos−1 (−1) = 𝜋

C. Assessment/Application/Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)

Directions: Find the exact value of each expression.

1. sec −1(−1)

2. arctan(−1)

1
3. sin−1 (− )
2
4. tan−1 √3

4
 5. csc −1 1

6. sec −1(−2)

7. cot −1 (−1)
1
8. csc −1
2
9. arcsin 0

1
10. sin−1 (− )
2

D. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies

Directions: Simplify each expression.

𝜋
1. cos−1 (cos 3 )
𝜋
2. csc −1 (tan 6 )
5𝜋
3. tan−1 (tan )
4
𝜋
4. sin−1 (cos (− 4 ))
1 1
5. sin (sin−1 + cos −1 )
2 2

𝜋 𝜋
Example: cos−1 (cos 3 ) = 3

References:

Liethold, Louis. The Calculus 7. Addison – Wesley Pubishing Company Inc, 1996.

Bacani, Jericho B. Estrada, Glenn Rey A., Vidallo, Mark Anthony J., Eden, Richard B.,
Francisco, Flordeliza F. Precalculus Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education, 2016.

Ascano, Joy P., Olofernes, Arnel D., Martin, Jesus Lemuel Jr. L., Tolentino, Mark Anthony C.
Precalculus Learner’s Material. Department of Education, 2016.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

[Link]
0Textbook/[Link]

[Link]

[Link] ([Link])

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 SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT) 7

Subject: PRECALCULUS Grade Level: 11 Quarter: II Week: 7

MELCs: The learners solve trigonometric equations. (STEM_PC11T-IIh-i-1)

The learners solve situational problems involving inverse trigonometric
functions and trigonometric equations. (STEM_PC11T-IIi-2)

Name: ______________________________ Section: _________ Date: __________

School: _____________________________ District: __________________________

A. Readings/Discussions

We have studied equations in the previous lessons. We differentiated an identity

from a conditional equation. Recall that an identity is an equation that is true for all values
of the variable in the domain of the equation, while a conditional equation is an equation
that is not an identity. In this lesson, we mostly study conditional trigonometric equations.

TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS

Any equation that involves trigonometric expressions is called a trigonometric

equation. Recall that a solution or a root of an equation is a number in the domain of the
equation that, when substituted to the variable, makes the equation true. The set of all
solutions of an equation is called the solution set of the equation.

EXAMPLES: Find all solutions of each equation for the given interval.

1. cos2 𝑥 = 1; 0 rad ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋 rad

Solution:
cos2 𝑥 = 1

cos2 𝑥 − 1 = 0 Solve for zero

(cos 𝑥 + 1)(cos 𝑥 − 1) = 0 Factor

Using the Zero Product Property

cos 𝑥 + 1 = 0 cos 𝑥 − 1 = 0

cos 𝑥 = −1 cos 𝑥 = 1

𝑥=𝜋 𝑥=0

The solutions are 0 and 𝜋.

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 2. sin 2𝑥 = 2 cos 𝑥; 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋

Solution:
sin 2𝑥 = 2 cos 𝑥

2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 2 cos 𝑥 sin 2𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 − 2 cos 𝑥 = 0 Solve for zero

2 cos 𝑥 (sin 𝑥 − 1) = 0 Factor

Using the Zero Product Property

2 cos 𝑥 = 0 sin 𝑥 − 1 = 0

cos 𝑥 = 0 sin 𝑥 = 1

𝜋 3𝜋 𝜋
𝑥= or 𝑥=
2 2 2

𝜋 3𝜋
The solutions are and .
2 2

EXAMPLE: Solve trigonometric equations.

3. Solve 2 sin 𝑥 = −1 for all values of 𝑥 if 𝑥 is measured in radians.

Solution:
2 sin 𝑥 = −1
1
sin 𝑥 = − 2 Divide each side by 2

1
Look at the graph of 𝑦 = sin 𝑥 to find solutions of sin 𝑥 = −
2
.

7
 7𝜋 11𝜋 19𝜋 23𝜋 7𝜋 11𝜋 19𝜋
The solutions are , , , and so on, and − ,
6 − , − ,
6 6 6 6 6 6
23𝜋
− and so on.
6
7𝜋 11𝜋
The only solutions in the interval [0, 2𝜋] are and . The period of the sine
6 6
functions is 2𝜋 radians.

7𝜋 11𝜋
So the solutions can be written as + 2𝑘𝜋 and + 2𝑘𝜋 , where 𝑘 is any
6 6
integer.

If an equation cannot be solved easily by factoring, try rewriting the expression using
trigonometric identities. However, using identities and some algebraic operations, such as
squaring, may result in extraneous solutions. So, it is necessary to check your solutions
using the original equation.

EXAMPLE: Solve trigonometric equations using identities.

4. Solve cos 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 = 0

Solution:
cos 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 = 0

sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥
cos 𝑥 (cos 𝑥) − sin2 𝑥 = 0 tan 𝑥 =
cos 𝑥

sin 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 = 0 Multiply

sin 𝑥 (1 − sin 𝑥) = 0 Factor

Using the Zero Product Property

sin 𝑥 = 0 sin 𝑥 − 1 = 0

𝑥 = 0, 𝜋, 2𝜋 sin 𝑥 = 1
𝜋
𝑥=
2
𝜋
Checking 𝑥 = cos 𝑥 tan 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 = 0
2

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
cos tan − sin2 = 0 tan is undefined. Thus, is not a solution.
2 2 2 2 2

The only solutions are 0, 𝜋, 2𝜋 and so on. In general, the solution is 𝜋𝑘, where 𝑘 is
any integer.

8
 Trigonometric equations are often used to solve real–world situations.

EXAMPLES: Solve the problem.

5. Qiqi wants to wait to plant her flowers until there are at least 14 hours of daylight.
The number of hours of daylight 𝐻 in her town can be represented by 𝐻 = 11.45 +
6.5 sin (0.0168𝑑 − 1.333), where 𝑑 is the day of the year and angle measures are in
radians. On what day is it safe for Qiqi to plant her flowers?

Solution:
𝐻 = 11.45 + 6.5 sin (0.0168𝑑 − 1.333)
14 = 11.45 + 6.5 sin (0.0168𝑑 − 1.333) 𝐻 = 14
2.55 = 6.5 sin (0.0168𝑑 − 1.333) Subtract 11.45 from each side
0.392 = sin (0.0168𝑑 − 1.333) Divide each side by 6.5
0.403 = 0.0168𝑑 − 1.333 sin−1 0.392 = 0.403
1.736 = 0.0168𝑑 Add 1.333 to each side
103.333 = 𝑑 Divide each side by 0.0168

Qiqi can safely plant his flowers around the 104th day of the year, or around April 14.

B. Exercises

Exercise 1

Directions: Find all solutions of each equation for the given interval

1. 4 cos2 𝑥 = 1 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋
𝜋 3𝜋
2. 2 sin2 𝑥 − 1 = 0 ; <𝑥<
2 2
3. sin 2𝑥 = cos 𝑥 ; 0 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋
𝜋
4. 3 sin2 𝑥 − cos 2 𝑥 = 0 ; 0≤𝑥<
2

Exercise 2

Directions: Solve each equation for all values of 𝑥 if 𝑥 is measured in radians.

1. cos 2𝑥 = cos 𝑥

2. sin 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 0

3. sin 𝑥 = 1 + cos 𝑥

4. 2 cos2 𝑥 + 2 = 5 cos 𝑥

9
 C. Assessment/Application/Outputs (Please refer to DepEd Order No. 31, s. 2020)

Directions: Find all solutions of each equation for the given interval

1. sec 𝑥 + 2 = 0 ; −2𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋

2. (sin 𝑥 + 1)(tan 𝑥) = 0 ; −2𝜋 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋

3. sin 2𝑥 = sin 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ [0, 2𝜋)

4. (sin 𝑥 − 1)(sin 𝑥 + 1) = 0 ; 𝑥 ∈ [−2𝜋, 2𝜋]

5. 2 cos2 𝑥 = 1 + sin 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ [0, 2𝜋)

6. 16 sin4 𝑥 + 1 = 8 sin2 𝑥 ; 𝑥 ∈ [−𝜋, 𝜋]

Example:
2𝜋 4𝜋 4𝜋 2𝜋
1. , − , , −
3 3 3 3

D. Suggested Enrichment/Reinforcement Activity/ies

Directions: The voltage 𝑉 (in volts) coming from an electricity distributing company is
fluctuating according to the function 𝑉(𝑡) = 200 + 170 sin(120𝜋𝑡) at time 𝑡 in seconds.

1. Determine the first time it takes to reach 300 volts.

2. For what values of 𝑡 does the voltage reach its maximum value?

References:

Liethold, Louis. The Calculus 7. Addison – Wesley Pubishing Company Inc, 1996.

Bacani, Jericho B. Estrada, Glenn Rey A., Vidallo, Mark Anthony J., Eden, Richard B.,
Francisco, Flordeliza F. Precalculus Teacher’s Guide. Department of Education, 2016.

Ascano, Joy P., Olofernes, Arnel D., Martin, Jesus Lemuel Jr. L., Tolentino, Mark Anthony C.
Precalculus Learner’s Material. Department of Education, 2016.

Most Essential Learning Competencies

[Link]
0Textbook/[Link]

[Link]

10
Prepared by: LEIGH I. HERBIETO Edited by: JESSA O. BARBERO

Reviewed by: ANA MARIE TUMULAK

GUIDE

For the Teacher

Department of Education, as one of the significant stakeholders of learning,

researched and explored innovative ways on how to address the learners’ need of education
amidst today’s circumstance. DepEd initiated the making of Alternative Delivery Mode of
teaching using teacher–made self–learning home tasks.

For the Learner

The key to successfully finish this self–learning home task lies in the learners’ hands.
This self–learning home task is especially crafted for the learners to grasp the opportunity to
continue learning diligently, intelligently, and independently even at home. Learners are
expected to meet the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) specified in each self–
learning home task.

Here are some rules for the learners to follow in accomplishing the self–learning home
tasks.

1. The learners should schedule and manage their time to read and understand every
part of the self–learning home tasks.

2. The learners should study how they can manage to do the activities of this subject in
consideration of their other self–learning home tasks from other subjects.

3. The learners should finish one task at hand before proceeding to the next.

4. This self–learning home tasks is organized according to the learners’ level of

understanding. Skipping one part may lead them to confusion and misinterpretation.

5. If learners do not understand the activities and other tasks, they should re-read and
engage all possible resources. They may ask other family members to help them.

6. Learners should not procrastinate.

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