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Fiber optics, are the science of transmitting data,
voice, and images by the passage of light through
thin, transparent fibers.
Optical fibers are about the diameter of a strand of
human hair and when bundled into a fiber-optic
cable, they’re
capable of transmitting more data over longer
distances and faster than other mediums.
Fiber optic cables are commonly used because of
their advantages over copper cables.
Fiber optics is used for long-distance and
highperformance data networking. It is also
commonly used in telecommunication services,
such as internet, television and telephones.
A fiber optic cable can contain a varying number of
these glass fibers from a few up to a couple
hundred. Another glass layer, called cladding,
surrounds the glass fiber core. The buffer tube
layer protects the cladding, and a jacket layer acts
as the final protective layer for the individual strand
Fiber optics transmit data in the form of light
particles -- or photons -- that pulse through a
fiber optic cable. The glass fiber core and the
cladding each have a different refractive index that
bends incoming light at a certain angle.
When light signals are sent through the fiber optic
cable, they
reflect off the core and cladding in a series of zig-
zag bounces, following a process called total
internal reflection. The light signals do not travel
at the speed of light because of the denser glass
layers, instead traveling about 30% slower than the
speed of light.
The uses and application of optical fiber can be
seen in:
Internet
Computer Networking
Automotive Industry
Surgery and Dentistry
Decorations and Lighting
Telephone
Cable Television
Military and Space Applications
Fiber optic cables are used mainly for their
advantages:
They support higher bandwidth capacities.
Light can travel further without needing as much
of a signal boost.
They can be submerged in water.
Fiber optic cables are stronger, thinner and
lighter than copper wire cables.
They do not need to be maintained or replaced as
frequently.
The disadvantages of optical fiber include the
following:
The optical fiber cables are very difficult to
merge.
The Installation of these cables is costeffective.
Special devices are needed to check the
transmission of fiber cable.
Installation is not easy.
