CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1

CONTRACEPTION GRADE

Lesson 1 CALM

LEARNER OUTCOME1 P12:

Examine aspects of healthy sexuality and responsible sexual behaviour. Describe
sexually healthy actions and choices for one’s body, including abstinence.

MATERIALS:

1. SUPPLIES: Birth Control Kit

2. SLIDE: Female Anatomy (Secondary)
3. SLIDE: Male Anatomy (Secondary)
4. SLIDE: The Effectiveness Rate (Pregnancy)
5. SLIDE: The Effectiveness Rate (STI/HIV)
6. HANDOUT: Contraceptive Methods Chart
7. ANSWER KEY: Contraceptive Methods Chart
8. HANDOUT: Promoting Contraception
9. OPTIONAL: Birth Control Health Information Sheets

INTRODUCTION:

Comprehensive sexual health education suggests abstinence as the preferred

sexual behaviour amongst teens. Abstaining from sexual activity that involves
exchange of bodily fluids and/or genital to genital or skin to genital contact is the only
sure way of avoiding the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections.
Postponement of initial sexual activity, adherence to one sexual partner and
protected sexual intercourse are sequentially offered as the next best alternatives2.
The programs that are most effective in helping young people to abstain discuss
abstinence, contraception and sexual health decision making3. This lesson focuses
on exploring the different contraceptive methods.

You may want to consider completing the Examining Abstinence lesson before completing
this lesson.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1

APPROACHES/STRATEGIES:

A. GROUND RULES (5-10 min)

Ensure ground rules are established before beginning this lesson. For classes that
have already established ground rules, quickly reviewing them can promote a
successful lesson.

B. DISCUSSION QUESTIONS (15-20 min)

Students begin to examine abstinence and
postponing sexual activity. Encourage students to
take notes during the discussion to help them Some people have
complete assignments that come later in this lesson. sexual intercourse in
their teen years.
1. What is contraception? Many do not. Cultures
• Contraception occurs by either preventing and religions support
the fertilization of an ovum (egg) by the various values that
sperm cell, or the prevention of influence our
implantation of the embryo (fertilized egg) individual decisions. It
into the lining of the uterus.
is important to realize
these values may be
2. Why is it important to learn about
reflected in the
contraception?
attitudes of students
• Provide rationale for teaching birth
control/contraception – stress that there is in the class and they
not an assumption that students are may be struggling
sexually active. with sexual decision
• Stress that factual information is critical to making.
make healthy decisions now and in the
future.

3. What are some different methods of

contraception? Please list all the methods you
have heard of, even if you don’t think they are
reliable. Remember that
• List the methods identified by students on different cultures and
the board under the heading “Methods of families have different
Contraception”. You may choose to beliefs about the use
group these into the following columns: of contraception. In
hormonal, barrier, spermicidal, natural, many societies, there
myth and other. are cultural taboos
• Ensure abstinence is included on this list. against sexual
If students do not bring it up on their own, intercourse outside of
use questions to prompt them such as,
marriage.
“What is the only 100% effective method of
contraception?”

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• Review the Birth Control Health Information Sheets to find information about
contraceptive methods.
4. In the list we just created, which of the methods is a myth (unreliable)?
• Cross out myths, explaining why they do not work.
• Some common myths may include:
 Douching with various solutions after sexual intercourse, which does not
kill all sperm.
 Drinking vast amounts of medication or alcohol which, does nothing to
prevent pregnancy and could cause harm.
 Withdrawal before ejaculation (pulling out), which does not ensure
sperm are not released into the vaginal area because pre-ejaculate can
be unknowingly released.
 Using Saran Wrap®, instead of a condom which, does not protect
against pregnancy.
5. Of the methods, which are hormonal methods?
• Place the heading “Hormonal” above the column of methods identified
as being hormonal. Common hormonal methods include:
 Birth Control Pill: this method contains hormones similar to the
natural hormones in a woman’s body. The hormones in the pill stop
the release of an egg from the ovaries. No egg = no pregnancy. The
pill is taken at the same time everyday for 21 days, at this point there
is either a 7 day break from the pill or the 7 sugar pills (containing no
hormones) are taken. During this time a female will get her period.
 Birth Control Patch: The patch is worn daily on the skin for a week
at a time. The sticky part of the patch contains hormones similar to
the natural hormones that stop the release of an egg. No egg=no
pregnancy. The patch is worn for three weeks consecutively,
replacing the patch with a new one every 7 days. After 21 days the
patch is removed and left off for 7 days. During this time a female will
get her period.
 Vaginal Contraceptive Ring:is a soft, flexible plastic ring that is
inserted into the vagina. Hormones are slowly released and then
absorbed through the walls of the vagina, into the bloodstream. The
hormones stop the release of an egg. No egg = no pregnancy. Once
the ring is inserted it is left in place for 21 days, at which point it is
removed and left out for 7 days. During this time a female would get
her period. After the 7 day break a new ring is inserted.
 Birth Control Injection: is a hormone (progestin) that is injected into
a female’s arm or buttock every 12 weeks. The hormone stops the
release of an egg and makes the cervical mucous thicker so that
sperm cannot enter the uterus.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1

6. Of the methods, which are barrier methods?

• Place the heading “Barrier” above the column of methods identified as
being barriers to contraception.

All barrier methods prevent sperm from entering the vagina and/or the
cervix.
• Common barrier methods include:
 Condom (male): A protective covering made of latex, polyurethane
or animal membrane that fits over the erect penis.
 Condom (female): A loose-fitting plastic/polyurethane pouch that
lines the vagina. It has soft rings at each end.
 Diaphragm: A flexible latex or polyurethane shaped product that
covers the cervix.

7. Of the methods, which are spermicidal methods?

• Place the heading “Spermicidal” above the column of methods
identified as being spermicidal.
• Explain that spermicidal methods prevent pregnancy by using
chemicals to kill sperm on contact.
• Note: Spermicidal products containing Nonoxynol-9® may cause
skin/mucosal irritation/itchiness. This irritation may increase the risk for
STI and HIV.
• Common spermicidal methods include:
 Contraceptive Foam: A product that comes in a can and has an
applicator to put the foam into the vagina.
 Contraceptive Jelly: A product that comes in a tube and is usually
used with a diaphragm.
 Vaginal Contraceptive Film: A very thin transparent square of film
that dissolves quickly and releases nonoxynol-9®.
 Sponge:A piece of soft foam that covers the cervix filled with three
kinds of spermicides.
 Condom lubricated with spermicide.

8. Of the contraceptive methods, which is a natural method?

• Place the heading “Natural” above the column of methods identified as
being natural.
• Explain that natural methods prevent pregnancy by avoiding sexual
intercourse near the time of ovulation.
• The Fertility Awareness Method (FAM) is a common method that
involves keeping track of one’s menstrual cycle, taking basal body
temperature measurements and vaginal discharge observations, and
avoiding sexual intercourse during fertile days (before, during and after
ovulation). This method is also known as the calendar or rhythm
method.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1

9. What do we know about the remaining

methods? Methods such as
• IUD: A small soft piece of plastic with a the IUD and
nylon string attached. There are two types Emergency
of IUDs: one has a thin copper wire
Contraception are
wrapped around it, and the other type
sometimes
releases a small amount of hormone. An
controversial because
IUD can prevent ovulation, affects how the
sperm moves inside a female’s body or it they could prevent a
may stop a fertilized egg from growing fertilized egg from
inside the uterus. implanting in the
• Surgery: A method that prevents uterine wall. It is
fertilization by ensuring that sperm will not important to be
reach the ovum. In men, a vasectomy sensitive to various
ensures that sperm is not released. In belief systems when
women, a tubal ligation ensures that the discussing these
egg and sperm cannot meet. types of
• Emergency Contraception (the “morning contraception.
after pill”): A specific kind of hormone pill
that can prevent pregnancy after
unprotected sex. Depending on where a
female is in her menstrual cycle,
Emergency Contraception can stop or
delay the release of the ovum, change the The use of oral
lining of the uterus, or change the contraception and
movement of the ovum and sperm. It is condoms are reported
important for students to know that to be the commonly
Emergency Contraception cannot end a used among women
pregnancy already established. aged 15-176.

Emergency Contraception is for emergency use only (i.e., torn condom, missed pill,
unplanned/ unprotected sexual intercourse, etc.). It is not as effective as other contraceptive
methods and should not be used as routine birth control.

C. BIRTH CONTROL KIT (15-20 min)

Students examine and learn about specific contraceptive methods. The Birth
Control Kit is an optional tool that may be used to assist in teaching the common
methods of contraception.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1

Birth Control Kit Contents:

It is important for
1-Emergency Contraception Pills the teacher to be
1-Vaginal Ring familiar with the kit’s
1-Different Birth Control Pill packages contents and the
1-Birth Control Injection
discussion points for
1-Birth Control Patch
each item before
1-Diaphragm
proceeding with the
1-Female Condom
5-Male Condoms following activity.
1-Vaginal Contraceptive Film
1-Contraceptive Sponge
1-IUD – Copper
1-IUD – Hormonal
1-Contraceptive Foam and Applicator
1-Slide: Male Anatomy (Secondary)
1-Slide: Female Anatomy (Secondary)
1-Slide: The Effectiveness Rate (Pregnancy)
1-Slide: The Effectiveness Rate (STI and HIV)
1-Emergency Contraception (picture)
1-Card stating “Natural Family Planning”)
1-Card stating “Surgery”
1-Card stating “Abstinence”
1-Card stating “Chance”
1-Card stating “Withdrawal”

Check with your local Sexual and Reproductive Health clinic to see if it lends Birth Control
Kits. Teachers may be able to access these kits through their school nurse. For teachers who
are unable to access these kits these materials can be collected separately. While many are
available at the pharmacy, some may require a doctor’s prescription. It may be possible to get
such supplies from a doctor or clinic in your community. Teachers can also use pictures of the
methods they are unable to access.

Procedure:
1. Introduce the Birth Control Kit. Tell the students that you are going to use it
to teach them about the common contraceptive methods available to them.
2. Distribute the Contraceptive Methods Chart handout.
3. Have students form groups of 2-3.
4. Assign each group one of the contraception methods from the kit. Place all of

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the supplies in a container and allow each group to choose one item.
Provide each group with the corresponding Birth Control Fact Sheet, or
have students research each method independently.
5. Each group must fill in the appropriate section of the Contraceptive
Method Chart.
6. Display the overheads one at a time, informing students that they may want
to refer to these in their presentation.
7. Give the groups time to prepare a short presentation about their item to
share with the class.
8. Have each group present their item to the class, adding comments from the
overheads and the Contraceptive Method Chart Answer Key to enhance
the discussion. Depending on time and/or level of class, pass around each
item for students to examine.
9. Encourage the students to complete the handout during the presentations.
10. Debrief this activity. Questions can include:
 What do you think are the best methods of contraception? Why?
• Emphasize that abstinence is the only 100% effective method if
used properly.
• Emphasize that less than half of Canadian youth in high school
report being sexually active5.
 What do you think are the best methods of protecting oneself from
STI? Why?
• Emphasize that abstinence is the only 100% effective method if
used properly.
• Emphasize using dual protection (condom and the pill or condom
and Depo Provera®).
 In a sexual relationship, who is responsible to ensure contraception
is used?
• Using contraception is a shared responsibility.
 If a teen chooses to have sexual intercourse, what skills is he or she
going to need?
• Emphasize the need for STI testing.
• Comfort with one’s body.
• Comfort discussing pregnancy, birth control and STI with a
partner, a doctor and other important people in one’s life.
• Ability to go to a pharmacy or health/family planning clinic to
access the contraceptive supplies.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1

D. GROUP WORK: PROMOTIONAL MATERIAL (40 min)

Students work together to create promotional materials outlining the most
common contraceptive methods used by adolescents.

1. Form groups of 3-5 students.

2. Give each group the Promoting Contraception handout:
3. Explain that groups must plan and present promotional material as outlined
on the handout.
4. Allow groups time to plan and create their promotional material as outlined on
the handout.
5. Have groups present their promotional material to the class.
6. Display any/all assignments that promote the proper use of contraception.
7. Debrief using the following discussion questions:
• What are some of the most important things to know about each of
these methods of contraception?
• How realistic were the promotions? Are there any other suggestions to
make these products more appealing to adolescents who have
decided to become sexually active?

QUESTION BOX (10 min)

Have students fill out questions and address them next class.

SELF REFLECTION
During the lesson, were:

• Ground rules being followed?

• Good practices established regarding group work and discussion?
What will you change for future classes with this group?
What will you change for future use of this lesson?

STUDENT ASSESSMENT
During the lesson, did students:

Knowledge:

• Define contraception?
• Outline the importance of learning about contraception?

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Skills:

• Categorize the different methods of contraception?

• Analyze the effectiveness of different methods of contraception?
• Exemplify appropriate listening and speaking skills during class discussion?
Attitudes:

• Recognize the importance of using contraception within a sexual

relationship?
• Accept that using dual protection (i.e., the condom and the pill) is the most
effective use of contraception because it protects against both pregnancy
and STI?

You may want to collect the Contraceptive Methods Chart and the promotional material
for formal evaluation.

1. Alberta Education. (2002). Career and Life Management Guide to Implementation.

Retrieved from: http://education.alberta.ca/media/313521/calm_pos.pdf

2. SIECUS. (2007). Community Action Kit, Responding to Arguments Against Sexuality

Education. Retrieved
from http://www.communityactionkit.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page.viewPage&pageId=
887

3. SIECCAN. (2004). Sexual health education in schools: questions and answers.

Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality, Vol. 13 (3-4). Retrieved
from http://www.sieccan.org/pdf/sexual_health_qs.pdf

4. The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. (2012). Emergency

Contraception (Morning after pill). Retrieved from http://www.sexualityandu.ca/birth-
control/emergency-contraception-morning-after-pill

5. William, F.A, & Black, A. (2007). Contraception in Canada: A review of methods,

choices, characteristics, adherence and approaches to counselling. CMJA, 176(7), 953-
961. Retrieved from http://www.cmaj.ca/content/176/7/953.full.pdf+html?sid=2b60e904-
9ee2-4acb-8e84-69abe44ee5ce
http://www.cmaj.ca/content/176/7/953.full.pdf+html?sid=2b60e904-9ee2-4acb-8e84-
69abe44ee5ce

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 SLIDE: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 SLIDE: MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 SLIDE: PREGNANCY EFFECTIVENESS RATE

Birth Control Effectiveness Table

Birth Control Method Effectiveness Rate
Typical Use1 Perfect Use2
Abstinence (No Sexual Contact) 100% 100%
IUD- Hormonal 99.8% 99.8%
Vasectomy (Male Sterilization) 99.9% 99.9%
Vaginal Ring 92% 99.7%
Birth Control Patch 91% 99.7%
Birth Control Pill3 91% 99.7%
Depo-Provera® (Injection) 94% 99.8%
Tubal Ligation( Female Sterilization) 99.5% 99.5%
IUD- Copper T® 99.2% 99.4%
Male Condom 82% 98%
Natural Family Planning (FABS)4 76% 97%
Withdrawal 78% 96%
Female Condom 79% 95%
Diaphragm (with spermicide) 88% 94%
Sponge5 (Never Given Birth) 88% 91%
Spermicides6 72% 82%
Sponge7 (Given Birth) 76% 80%
Chance (no method) 15% 15%

1
Effectiveness rate for typical use refers to how effective each method is at preventing pregnancy during actual use including
incorrect or inconsistent use.
2
Effectiveness rate for perfect use refers to how effective each method can be at preventing pregnancy when the user follows
the directions for use.
3
Includes combined oral contraceptives and progestin only oral contraceptives.
4
Includes calendar, ovulation, and post-ovulation natural family planning methods..
6
Includes vaginal contraceptive film, foams, gels, creams, and vaginal suppositories

Source: Hatcher, R.A. et al. (2011). Contraceptive Technology (20th Ed.). New York: Ardent Media.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 SLIDE: STI EFFECTIVENESS RATE

STI EFFECTIVENESS RATE

RATE OF PROTECTION
CATEGORY CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD
AGAINST STI

No skin to skin or contact with sexual

Abstinence EXCELLENT
fluids

Condom (Male) GOOD

Condoms
Condom (Female) GOOD

Birth Control Pills NONE

Birth Control Patch NONE

Vaginal Ring NONE

Hormonal
Hormonal IUD NONE

Depo Provera NONE

Emergency Contraception NONE

Foam NONE

Spermicidal Vaginal Film NONE

Sponge NONE

Non Hormonal Copper IUD NONE

Withdrawal NONE

Fertility Awareness Methods (FABS) NONE

Tubal Ligation/Vasectomy NONE

Diaphragm NONE

Adapted from: Talking About Sexuality in Calgary Communities. (2011).

http://www.tascc.ca/wpcontent/uploads/2010/11/Birth-control-FAQ.pdf

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 HANDOUT CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS

Name:_____________________________________

CONTRACEPTION METHODS CHART

DO YOU NEED
A WHAT IS THIS
WHERE CAN WHAT DOES METHOD’S RATE OF
PRESCRIPTION WHO CAN BUY
YOU GET THIS THIS METHOD EFFECTIVENESS
METHOD ? THIS METHOD? AGAINST:
METHOD? COST?
Yes No
Pregnancy? STI?

Abstinence

Birth Control Pill

Chance

Contraceptive Jelly

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 HANDOUT CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS

Birth Control Patch

Birth Control Injection

Diaphragm

Emergency
Contraception Pill

Female Condom

Fertility Awareness
Method

Spermicides

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 HANDOUT CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS

IUD

Male Condom

Sponge

Sterilization

Vaginal Contraception
Ring

Withdrawal

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 ANSWER KEY CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Is a
Advantages and things to think
prescription What is this method’s
What is it? about effectiveness against:
Method needed?

Yes No
Pregnancy? STI?
Abstinence can mean different things to
different people. Abstinence is often Advantages:
referred to as being 100% safe, meaning
• Do not have to worry about pregnancy 100% Excellent
that it completely eliminates the risk of STI
or STI. effective (if protection
Abstinence or unplanned pregnancy. This is only true if 
used (if used
the definition includes eliminating any Things to think about: correctly) correctly)
intimate sexual behaviour involving skin to
genital, genital to genital or body fluid to • Means having the ability to say
genital contact. “no” to sex.

Advantages:

• Convenient.
The Birth control injection is a hormone
• Does not interrupt sex.
(progestin) that is injected into the arm or
Birth Control buttock every 12 weeks. It stops the Things to think about: 94% - 99.8%
Injection release of an egg and makes the mucous effective No

in the cervix (opening to the uterus) thicker • Many women stop having periods protection
so that sperm cannot enter the uterus. after about 6 months.
Pregnancy cannot occur if the body does • Some women may have a delayed
return to fertility once the injection is
not release an egg.
stopped (up to 2 years).
• May contribute to the development of
osteoporosis (thinning bones).
• No STI protection.

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 CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 ANSWER KEY CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Is a
Advantages and things to think
prescription What is this method’s
What is it? about effectiveness against:
Method needed?

Yes No
Pregnancy? STI?

The birth control patch looks like a large,

thin, beige bandage. The sticky side Advantages:
contains two hormones (estrogen and
• Convenient.
progestin) similar to the natural hormones • Does not interrupt sex. 91% - 99.7%
Birth Control Patch in a woman’s body. The hormones are No
effective
released continuously through the skin and 
protection
stop the release of an egg from the Things to think about:
ovaries. Pregnancy cannot occur if the
body does not release an egg. The patch • You must remember to change your
patch weekly.
is changed weekly for three weeks, and
• No STI protection.
then there is a one week break from the
patch.

Advantages:
The combined hormone birth control pill • Convenient.
contains small amounts of two natural • Does not interrupt sex. 91% - 99.7%
hormones (estrogen and progestin) that effective No
Birth Control Pill 
stop the release of an egg. Pregnancy protection
cannot occur if the body does not release Things to think about:
an egg.
• You must remember to take the Pill as
directed.
• No STI protection

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 CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 ANSWER KEY CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Is a
Advantages and things to think
prescription What is this method’s
What is it? about effectiveness against:
Method needed?

Yes No
Pregnancy? STI?
Advantages:

• Does not require any birth control 15%

supplies. effective at
No birth control method is used to prevent preventing No
Chance (No 
pregnancy during sex. pregnancy protection
Method) Things to think about:

• No protection from sexually STI and

unintended pregnancy.
• Fear of pregnancy and/or STI may
make sex less enjoyable.
Advantages:

• Provides good protection against STI.

• Can be bought at a drug store without
The female condom is a non-reusable a prescription. 79% - 95%
tube-like synthetic pouch that fits inside a • Made of polyurethane, so good for Good
effective
 people with latex allergies.
Condoms - Female woman’s vagina. It catches semen and protection
stops sperm from fertilizing an egg.
Things to think about:

• May be awkward to use.

• More expensive than the male
condom.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 ANSWER KEY CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Is a
Advantages and things to think
prescription What is this method’s
What is it? about effectiveness against:
Method needed?

Yes No
Pregnancy? STI?
Advantages:

• Can be bought at a drug store without

a prescription.
• Provides good sexually transmitted
infection (STI) protection.
• Can be purchased at a Sexual and
Reproductive Health clinic for a low
cost.
• Many agencies provide condoms free
A condom is thin latex or synthetic, non- of charge. 82% - 98%
reusable covering that fits over the erect • Comes in a variety of colors, flavors effective Good

Condoms - Male penis. It catches the semen and stops and sizes. protection
sperm from entering the woman’s body.

Things to think about:

• Some condoms have a spermicide

(Nonoxynol-9) that may cause skin and
vaginal irritation, which may increase
your risk of developing an STI or HIV.
• A water based lubricant can be used
with condoms to help with dryness.
• Polyurethane condoms are available
for people with latex allergies.

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 CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 ANSWER KEY CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Is a
Advantages and things to think
prescription What is this method’s
What is it? about effectiveness against:
Method needed?

Yes No
Pregnancy? STI?
Advantages:

• If inserted correctly, cannot be felt by

A diaphragm is made of latex. It is shaped either partner.
like a saucer and has a flexible rim. It fits • It is reusable.
over the cervix (opening to the uterus) to 88% - 94%
stop sperm from entering. It must be effective Some
 Things to think about:
Diaphragm inserted before intercourse and removed protection
and cleaned after. • A doctor must size a diaphragm.
• The diaphragm is used with
spermicidal cream or jelly. These
sometimes cause irritation or itchiness
which may increase your risk of
developing an STI or HIV.
• Some STI protection.
Advantages:

• Can be taken up to 5 days after

ECP is a hormone pill that can prevent unprotected sex. Emergency
pregnancy by stopping the release of an • Plan B may be available at your local contraceptio
egg, changing the lining of the uterus, or pharmacy without a prescription. n is 95%
Emergency • Available at sexual and reproductive
changing the movement of the egg and effective
Contraception PIll clinics at a reduced cost. No
sperm. EC can be used after unprotected  when taken
(ECP) protection
sex, or failure of a birth control method less than 24
such as a broken condom. Things to think about: hours after
unprotected
• It works best if taken as soon as intercourse
possible after unprotected sex.
• Does not give continued protection
against pregnancy.
• No STI protection.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 ANSWER KEY CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Is a
Advantages and things to think
prescription What is this method’s
What is it? about effectiveness against:
Method needed?

Yes No
Pregnancy? STI?
Advantages:
Mirena®
An IUD is a small soft piece of plastic • Convenient. IUD- 99.8%
shaped like a “T” with a nylon string on it. • Does not interrupt sex. effective
There are two types of IUDs. One type of • Can stay in place for up to 5 years but
IUD has a thin copper wire wrapped can be removed at any time.
Intrauterine around it (Copper T®) and another type of No
 Copper T®
Contraceptive IUD releases a small amount of hormone protection
Things to think about:
Device (IUD) (Mirena®). A doctor must insert the IUD. It IUD-99.2%-
mainly works by preventing fertilization. It • Not recommended for women who are 99.4%
may also stop a fertilized egg from growing at increased risk for STI, such as those effective
inside the uterus (womb). with more than one sexual partner.
There is a greater chance for a serious
pelvic infection with an STI.
• No STI protection.
Advantages:

• Does not require any birth control

supplies.
Methods can be used to keep track of
which days a pregnancy is most likely to Things to think about: 76%-97%
happen. A daily record must be kept of
Natural Family effective No
body temperature and changes in the  • It is best to use birth control or abstain
Planning/Fertility protection
secretions from the cervix (opening to the from intercourse during fertile times.
Awareness • Special teaching is available from a
uterus) and vagina. The woman must also
keep track of her periods. doctor, nurse, or group that explains
natural methods.
• It takes several months to become
familiar with your fertility cycle.
• It is not a reliable method for women
with irregular periods.
• No STI protection.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 ANSWER KEY CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Is a
Advantages and things to think
prescription What is this method’s
What is it? about effectiveness against:
Method needed?

Yes No
Pregnancy? STI?
Advantages:

• Can have sex more than one time as

long as the sponge remains in place for
six hours after sex.
• Can be bought at a drug store at a low
The sponge is a non-reusable piece of soft cost.
foam that is filled with spermicide and must
76-91% No
The Sponge be inserted inside the vagina before 
Things to think about: effective protection
intercourse and must remain in place for
six hours after intercourse. • More effective in preventing
pregnancy if used with another birth
control method.
• May cause some vaginal irritation
which may increase your risk of
developing an STI (sexually transmitted
infection) or HIV.
• No STI protection.
Advantages:
Tubal ligation is a permanent method of
• Highly effective immediately.
birth control that sterilizes the woman. A
• Does not interrupt sex or affect the
surgical operation is used to cut or “tie off” sex drive.
the fallopian tubes (the tube the egg 99.5%
travels through). This prevents the egg and effective No
Tubal Ligation 
sperm from meeting. Occasionally this Things to think about: protection
method can be reversed but you need to
talk to your doctor. Tubal ligation reversal • All surgery has some risk such as
bleeding, infection or effects of
can be expensive and is not covered by
anesthetic.
Alberta Health Care. • No STI protection.

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 CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 ANSWER KEY CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Is a
Advantages and things to think
prescription What is this method’s
What is it? about effectiveness against:
Method needed?

Yes No
Pregnancy? STI?
The vaginal contraceptive ring is a soft,
flexible, clear plastic ring that is inserted Advantages:
into the vagina, where it slowly releases
• Convenient.
two types of hormones (estrogen and • Does not interrupt sex.
progestin). These hormones are similar to • The ring is inserted into the vagina 91% - 99.7%
Vaginal a woman’s natural hormones and stop the once a month. effective No

Contraceptive Ring release of an egg from the ovaries. protection
Pregnancy cannot occur if the body does
not release an egg. A woman inserts and Things to think about:
removes the ring herself. It is left in place
• No STI protection.
for 21 days. After a 7 day break from the
ring, a new ring is inserted.

Advantages:

• Can be bought at a drug store.

There are different types of spermicides
• Neither partner can feel it.
available including: contraceptive foam;
contraceptive jelly; and vaginal 72% - 82%
Vaginal contraceptive film (VCF). A spermicide Things to think about: effective No

Spermicides must be inserted into the vagina before protection
each act of intercourse. It contains an • May cause some vaginal irritation,
active ingredient (Nonoxynol-9) that kills which may increase your risk of
developing STI or HIV.
sperm.
• More effective in preventing a
pregnancy if used with another birth
control method, such as a condom.
• No STI protection.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 ANSWER KEY CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Is a
Advantages and things to think
prescription What is this method’s
What is it? about effectiveness against:
Method needed?

Yes No
Pregnancy? STI?
Advantages:

• Local anaesthetic (freezing) is used.

• Procedure takes 15 to 30 minutes.
• Highly effective.
Vasectomy is a permanent method of birth
• Does not interrupt sex, affect sex
control that sterilizes the man. A surgical drive, or sexual performance.
procedure closes the vas deferens (tubes) 99.9%
that carry sperm. Occasionally this method effective No
Vasectomy 
can be reversed but you need to talk to Things to think about: protection
your doctor. Vasectomy reversals can be
expensive and are not covered by Alberta • Not effective right away. All sperm will
be cleared following a number of
Health Care.
ejaculations. Be sure to arrange a
sperm test at a lab – ask the doctor
about this.
• All surgery has some risk such as
bleeding or infection.
• No STI protection.
Advantages:

• Costs nothing.
• Convenient.
• Does not require any birth control
Withdrawal is when a man pulls his penis supplies. 78% - 96%
out of the vagina prior to ejaculation. effective No
Withdrawal 
protection
Things to think about:

• Sperm may be present in pre-

ejaculate fluid.
• No STI protection.
• Some men have difficulty knowing
when they are about to ejaculate.

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 HANDOUT: PROMOTING CONTRACEPTION

Group Names:___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________
___________________________________

PROMOTING CONTRACEPTION

Together with your group, produce material for an adolescent audience that promotes the correct and
consistent use of contraception. Follow the steps outlined below.

1. Choose one of the following types of promotional material for your group to create:
 Poster: a one-sided poster complete with colour and graphics
 Pamphlet: a fold-out pamphlet complete with colour and graphics
 Commercial: a commercial complete with written script and a live presentation

2. Choose one of the following commonly used contraceptive methods as a focus for your group:
 Abstinence
 Birth Control Pill, Birth Control Patch, Vaginal Contraceptive Ring or the birth control
injectionCondom (Male/Female)

3. Do your research. Your promotion must address each of the following questions:
a. What is the method?
b. How does the method work?
c. How effective is this method at protecting against pregnancy/STIs?
d. What are the advantages/disadvantages of this method?
e. What are the myths surrounding this method?
f. What are the specific skills required to use this method correctly?
g. How and where would a person access this method in our community?
h. Do you need a prescription?
i. What does it cost?
j. Why would adolescents use or not use this method?

4. Plan the layout/design of your promotion. Ensure that the promotion would convince an
adolescent audience to use the method. Brainstorm your ideas:

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CALM CONTRACEPTION LESSON 1 HANDOUT: PROMOTING CONTRACEPTION

5. Work together to develop a finished product. Ensure that the promotion would convince an
adolescent audience to use the method.

6. Use the following checklist to ensure you have created high quality promotional material:
 Topic is obvious
 Design/format appeals to an adolescent audience
 Design/format is creative
 Design/format is easy to understand and highlights the most important information
 Information is accurate
 Information is appropriate
 Information is complete (all 10 questions in step 3 are answered.)
 The promotion would convince an adolescent audience to use the method.

7. Present the promotional material to the class. Here are some ideas for your presentation:
 Posters, pamphlets, website, or podcast could be presented as if they were competing
for the “best poster” or “best pamphlet” contest at your local sexual and reproductive
clinic. Your group members could pose as “experts” visiting the classroom to promote a
message. Be creative!
 Commercials could be presented live or video, audio and played for the class.

8. Posters, pamphlets and scripts for commercials may be placed on display.

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