Chapter 7, Lesson 1: Rise of Greek Civilization #ONE HOMEWORK Name: __________

I. Mountains and Seas. GQ: How did __________ geography influence the lives of early Greeks?
a. Greece was the first __________ to develop in __________. In other civilizations, people
first settled in ______ ________. But Greece is an area dominated by _________ & _____.
b. Mainland is southern part of Europe’s Balkan __________ - surrounded by water on __ sides
i. To east is another peninsula called _________
c. Between these is the Aegean Sea, which is part of the larger ____________ Sea
d. Many Greeks _____ and _______ for a living. Others farmed along the _____ and between
the ___________. Grew crops; wheat, barley, _______, and ________.
e. Communities in many parts of ancient Greece became fiercely ________
II. An ________ Civilization. GQ: How did the civilization of the ___________ develop?
a. Greek myths describe an early civilization on _______, an ______ SE of mainland
i. Archaeologists unearthed the amazing ______ of a legendary king named _______
b. Numerous rooms connected by ________ passageways; even __________ in the palace.
c. Ancient people called _______ built palace; not ________. Lasted from ____ to ____ BC
d. _______ was an important economic activity; they sailed to _____ and ______
e. Around 1450 BC, the civilization _________. Historians _________________ this happened
I. A ____________ Civilization. GQ: How did the ___________ gain power in the Mediterranean?
a. About ____ BC, ___________ left homeland in central Asia and moved into _______ Greece
II. Mycenean Kingdom. Discovered the ruins of a ________ in Mycenae.
a. Each Mycenaean ______ lived in a palace built on a ______. Thick stone _____ circled it.
Nobles lived outside on large farms called _______. Workers & _______ people lived in
villages there.
b. Palaces were centers of __________.
III. Traders and Warriors. Gradually, the Mycenaeans adopted features of ________ Culture
a. B the mid-______ BC, Mycenaenas controlled the Aegean area.
i. Proud of their military successes in the _______ War.
IV. A ______ Age. Mycenaean kingdoms _______ one another, & __________ destroyed fortresses
a. By _______ BC, Mycenaean civilization had crumbled.
b. A _______-speaking people known as the _________ invaded the Greek mainland from north
c. Next 300 years a _____ Age. Trade ______ down, people made _____ things, most wer very
______. Many people also stopped ________.
d. Several ________ developments also happened; Dorians introduced _____ weapons!
V. The _________. By ____ BC, many ____________ of the people who ____ away returned.
a. Traded w/neighbors; _________ and __________; adopted an _________ from them.
b. ________ keeping became easier. Soon People wrote down tales told by ____ or storytellers
TWO HOMEWORK.
I. Colonies and Trade. GQ: How did early Greeks spread their _________?

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 a. Communities began to send people out to establish __________ - settlement in a new area
b. Founded many colonies; spread into southern ______, France, Spain, _____ Africa, & W Asia
c. Colonies shipped grains, metals, fish, timber, and _______ people to Greece. In return,
mainland sent _____, _____ oil, and _______ to the colonies.
i. Greeks began to make ______ from metal. Trade _________.
II. The Greek city-state. GQ: How did the Greek city-states create the idea of ______________?
a. Mountains and seas ________ Greek communities, so people developed ______ to community
b. Each city-state or _______ was like an independent country.
III. What did a _____ look like? Was the basic _________ unit of Greek civilization.
a. At the center was a fort built on a _______; called an __________.
i. People could take _______ when invaders attacked; built _______ on the acropolis
b. Outside was an open area called an ________ - a marketplace
i. Also a place where people could gather & ______ issues, choose _______, pass _____
c. Because most _____-_____ were surrounded by mountains and seas, they were usually _____
IV. What did citizenship mean to the Greeks? A person who is born here is considered a _________
a. Male citizens had the right to _____, hold public office, own ________, & defend themselves
i. Very different from that of ancient ____________ or ________
b. Only ______, ______-owning _____ born in the _______ could be citizens
V. Citizen Soldiers. Wars were fought by wealthy _______ riding horses and driving _______
a. By 700 BC, citizens called ________ made up city-state armies.
i. Rows marched forward together – a unified formation called a _________
b. Citizens put the needs of the polis _______ their own. Such loyalty divided the _______
c. Lack of unity weakened Greece, made it easier to __________

KEEP GOING. Chapter 7, Lesson 2: Sparta and Athens, city-state Rivals.

I. Political Changes. GQ: Which types of ______________ did the Greek city-states have?
a. Nobles seized power from _______. They did not _____ long.
b. By 650 BC, small ______ wanted political change. _________& artisans also called f/reforms
c. unrest led to rise of _________ - someone who seizes power & rules with total __________
i. Most ruled _______. However, the ______ rule gave word its meaning of cruel/unjust
d. _______ people supported the _______ when they overthrew the ______ in 600s BC
i. Most Greeks objected to rule by a ________ person
e. From 500 BC to 336, most city-states developed into either
i. ___________ - few wealthy people hold power, _________ - all citizens share
THREE HOMEWORK
Sparta: A military society. GQ: Why did the Spartans focus on ________ skills?
a. Located on the Peleponnesus __________. Descended from the _______.

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 b. Did not set up overseas __________; instead enslaved local people called _______
II. A ________ Military. About 650 BC, the _______ revolted against their Spartan masters
a. Leaders made Sparta a ________ society that stressed _________
b. Boys left home at age ______. Believed that ______ treatment would turn young boys into
adults that would survive the pain of ________.
c. Men were not allowed to live at ______, until age ____. Retired from the army at age ____
d. Spartan women enjoyed more ________ than women of other Greek city-states
i. Could own _______ and ________. Girls were trained in ______, such as wrestling
ii. Main goal was to raise ______ who were brave, strong Spartan soldiers
iii. “Come home __________________________________”
III. How was Sparta governed? Was a _________. Two ______ ruled jointly, but had little power –
a. lead the _____, carry out ________ ceremonies.
b. Assembly included all _____ citizens over the age of ___, made decisions about ____ & peace
i. Council of elders was most _______ body – served as ______, could order ________
ii. Elected five people to be ______, who enforced the ____ and collection of _____
c. ______ government brought stability; but discouraged ____ thinking and new _____
i. Prevented citizens from ________, discouraged from studying _________ & the ___
d. Resisted other ______. Continued to use heavy _____ bars for money, discouraged trade
e. Achieved Greece’s greatest __________ strength and power
I. Athens: A Young ____________. How did the _______ in Athens differ from others?
a. Founded by the descendants of the ____________
II. An Athenian Education. Boys studied arithmetic, _______, drawing, ______, and public _______
i. Also participated in _______. produced young people with strong ______ and ______
b. Women were expected to ______ and care for their _____
III. Early Reforms. About 600 BC, most farmers owed money to _____. Athenians began to ______
a. Asked that land be __________ to the poor
b. In 594 BC, _____ ended the farmers’ debts and freed those who were enslaved.
i. Also opened the assembly and the law courts to all ____ ________
c. Wealthy people felt _____ had gone too far, poor people thought he had not gone far enough
d. In 560 BC, a _______ named _________ took over. Divided large ______ among farmers
i. Gave citizenship to Athenians who did not own _______
ii. Hired the poor to construct ________; Encouraged worship of the goddess ______
IV. Toward Democracy. Prizing democracy, _________ made the assembly the major governing body
a. Also created new council of ____ citizens, each year held a _______ to choose the members
b. Non-citizens could not be in gov’t; included ______, _______-born men, & _______ people
HOMEWORK FOUR Chapter 7, lesson 3: Greece and Persia.
I. Persia’s Empire. GQ: How did the Persians rule a vast __________?
a. In ___________ Asia, homeland was located in what is today southwestern ______
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 b. Early Persians were ________ and ______ herders from the grasslands
i. In the 500’s BC, a talented king named ______ the _______ built a strong army
II. Creating an Empire. Brought ___________, Syria, Judah, and the _____ area of Anatolia
a. Treated conquered people ________ allowed them to keep own languages, ________, & ____
i. Decided that the _______ exiled in Babylon would be allowed to _______ to homeland
b. Other Persian rulers took over ______, western India and lands northeast of Greece
c. Improved network of ______ - the _____ _______ ran more than ______ miles
III. Persian Gov’t. _______ I, from ____ to ____ BC, divided empire into provinces called ________
a. Each ruled by a governor called a __________ - collected ______, j dged legal cases, etc
b. Maintained a full-time, paid, professional _________. Best fighters were ___________
IV. Who was _________? In the 600s BC, _________ teacher preached a new __________religion
a. Taught there was ____ supreme god; ______ of all things and leader of the forces of _____
i. People free to choose between _____ & _____, but ________ would be victorious
I. The Persian _____. How did the Greeks _______ the Persians?
a. Persians obeyed an all-powerful _______ - Greeks believed _______ should choose own gov’t
b. Persians controlled ______ cities in Anatolia. In ____ BC, these revolted.
i. The Persian king _____ was angry & decided to punish the Greeks for _______
II. How did the Greeks win at __________? In 490 BC, ______ sent a fleet of ships and army
a. The _________ did not come forward. They had only _______ troops vs. Persia’s ________
b. Persians tried to attack it by ______. Began loading ships with their strongest unit - ______
i. Athenians caught the Persians standing in the ________
c. A young messenger raced ___ miles from Marathon to Athens.
i. Cried out “__________’ and then collapsed and ______
III. Land And Sea Battles. In 480 BC a new Persain king named ________ invaded Greece
a. The Greek ____________banded together to fight the Persians. King _________ of Sparta
supplied the most soldiers, Themistocles of _________ directed the Greek _______ forces
b. to stop Persian army from reaching _________, Sparta’s King ______ led ____ soldiers into
a battle that lasted for ____ days.
c. A _______ showed the Persains a trail leading around. _________ dismissed most of the
troops.He and ____ Spartans remained and fought to the _______.
d. _________ fleet of ships lured the Persian fleet into the strait of ________. The ships
crowded together, making it difficult to ______. Greeks sank about _____ ships, lost ____.
Still, the Persian foot soldiers marched on to _______, set it on _____.
e. In 479, Greece formed their _______ army yet. At ______, again faced the Persians. In
numbers, the two sides were ________ matched. This time, the Greeks _______ the Persian
f. Peace between the Grek allies and the Persians did not come until _____ BC.
IV. __________ of Persia. Persia faced many challenges; Army was no longer ______ enough.
a. People grew unhappy with their _________; the kings _____ the people heavily.

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 i. Members of the royal family_________ about who should rule
b. In the ____s BC, Persia could not resist the invasion of an army led by Alexander

HOMEWORK FIVE
I. The Rule of Pericles. GQ: How did Pericles influence _________ and _______ in Athens?
a. From ____ to ____ BC, Athenians under Pericles reached a ________ age
II. Democracy in Athens.
a. Form of gov’t was a (DD) ________ ____________ - all citizens meet to debate and ______
i. In a (RD) _____________ __________ - citizens ________ a smaller group to gov’t
b. DD worked because of its relatively ________ number of citizens
III. Pericles in Charge. His ______ rule guided the city-state for more than _____ years
a. Made Athens a more ______________ city-state;
i. appointed people because of their ______ not their ________ _________.
b. Became a center of __________ and the ______. Erected new ________, ________
c. Also supported writers, artists, teachers, sculptors, and _________.
I. Athenian Life. GQ: What was life like for Athenians under the rule of _________?
a.