RECITATION CARD
Name: __________________________ Section: ___________________
Third Quarter- Second Semester
Date Recitation No. of points
7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 1
Learning competencies
illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous).
distinguishes between a discrete and continuous random variable.
finds the possible values of a random variable.
illustrates a probability distribution for a discrete random variable and its
properties.
computes probabilities corresponding to a given random variable.
constructs the probability mass function of a discrete random variable
and its corresponding histogram.
PROBABILITY
&
STATISTICS
Third Mid-quarter lessons
RANDOM VARIABLES
AND
PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 3
Random
Variable
Discrete Continuous
Random Random
Variable Variable
Mean, Variance, Standard
Discrete Probability
Deviation, and Its
Distribution
Applications
“Take risks. If you win you
Will be happy. If you lose
you will be wise.”
RANDOM
PHENOMENON
Picking a Student
at Random
The toss of a coin, throw of a die and
lottery draws are all examples of random
events.
Random
- occurring without definite aim, reason, or pattern
- something unpredictable or unidentified
Variable
- is a symbol (A, B, x, y, etc.) that can take on any of a
specified set of values.
A random variable (also called stochastic variable) is a rule
that assigns a numerical value or characteristic to an
outcome of an experiment.
We use CAPITAL LETTERS to
represent a random variable.
In probability, an experiment is an activity that can be done repeatedly and gives
results which are called outcomes.
Examples:
Tossing a coin
Rolling a die
Drawing a card from a standard deck of cards
Picking a ball from a box of 20 balls
An event is the collection of one or more outcomes considered as a group.
Examples:
Getting a head when a coin is tossed
Getting an even number when a die is rolled
Getting a heart face card in a standard deck of cards
Getting a white ball from a box of 20 balls
It is a random variable that can take only countable or finite
number of values. It can be obtained through the process
of counting.
It is a random variable that can assume an infinite
number of values in an interval between two specific
values. The values are often the results of
measurement.
1. The Statistics and Probability test scores of a randomly selected student
2. The weight of the student before and during the pandemic Discrete or Continuous?
3. The number of times 5 will appear when a die is rolled thrice
4. Getting a card greater than 9 from a standard deck of cards
5. The time needed to finish a test
6. The height of the study table
7. The number of voters favoring a candidate
8. The number of COVID-19 cases per city/municipality per month
9. The number of defective gadgets produced by a manufacturer
10. The average amount of electricity consumed per household per month
A range space is the
set of all possible
values in a random
A sample space is
variable.
the set of all possible
outcomes in an
experiment.
Bring out any coin for the coin-toss
experiment or use the virtual coin toss
site: [Link]
Toss the coin three (3) times and
record the result.
Write H for head and T for tail.
One strategy that is useful in identifying the
possible outcomes in an experiment is by
drawing a tree diagram.
A tree diagram is a visual tool that makes use of
branching connecting lines to represent a certain
relationship between the events.
Using the preceding example, determine the possible outcomes when
the coin is tossed three (3) times where H is for head and T is for tail.
First Toss Second Toss Third Toss
H Outcomes Number of Tails (T)
H HHH 0
T HHT 1
H
H 1
HTH
T
T HTT 2
H THH 1
H THT 2
T T
TTH 2
H
T TTT 3
T
SAMPLE SPACE: S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT} RANGE SPACE: T = {0, 1, 2, 3}
A pair of dice is thrown, and the random
variable Y is defined such that Y gives the
sum of the two numbers that appear.
Determine the following:
A. range space
B. Y(3,2)
C. Y(4,6)
D. Y(1,3)
+ 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 4 5 6 7 8 9
4 5 6 7 8 9 10
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
A. Range Space =
B. Y(3,2) =
C. Y(4,6) =
D. Y(1,3) =
A card is drawn from a deck of 20
cards (i.e., all cards numbered 1 to 5 in
a standard deck) and the random
variable W gives the number on the
card. Find the possible values for the
given random variable.
o also known as probability mass
function
o a table that gives a list of probability
values along with their associated
value in the range of a discrete random
variable.
It is the measure of certainty or uncertainty that an event will
happen. If E is an event, then the probability that E will happen
is denoted by P(E). If E is sure to happen, then P(E) = 1; however,
if E is impossible to happen, P(E) = 0. Thus, the probability of an
event could only be from 0 to 1.
Probability is how likely something is to happen. One might also
hear it called chance. Probability can be expressed as fractions,
decimals, or percentages, or on a probability scale.
Just like any other statistical distribution, a
probability mass function may be graphed using a
histogram in which the:
o horizontal axis represents the values of the
random variable X
o vertical axis gives the corresponding
probabilities, P(X).
Let Y be the random variable representing the number of tails that occur.
Construct the Probability Mass Function and Histogram.
Outcome
Number of
Y
(number of tails) 0 1 2 3
tails (Y)
𝟏 𝟑 𝟑 𝟏
HHH 0 P(Y)
𝟖 𝟖 𝟖 𝟖
HHT 1
P(Y)
HTH 1
What can you observe?
THH 1 0.5
HTT 2
0.4
THT 2
TTH 2 0.3
TTT 3
0.2
0.1
0 Y
0 1 2 3
Construct the Probability Mass Function and Histogram.
Y 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
P(Y) 1/36 2/36 3/36 4/36 5/36 6/36 5/36 4/36 3/36 2/36 1/36
0.0278 0.0556 0.0833 0.1111 0.1389 0.1667 0.1389 0.1111 0.0833 0.0556 0.0278
Y 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
P(Y) 1/36 2/36 3/36 4/36 5/36 6/36 5/36 4/36 3/36 2/36 1/36
0.0278 0.0556 0.0833 0.1111 0.1389 0.1667 0.1389 0.1111 0.0833 0.0556 0.0278
Construct the Probability Mass Function and Histogram.
W 1 2 3 4 5
P(Y) 4/20 4/20 4/20 4/20 4/20
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
ACTIVITY
to distinguish a discrete and continuous random
variable.
to find the possible values of a random variable.
to construct a probability mass function and its
corresponding histogram.
Page 38 Nos. 1 & 2 (10 pts.)
3. Suppose three (3) cell phones are tested at random. Let D represent the
defective cellphone and let N represent the non-defective cellphone. If we let X be
the random variable for the number of defective cellphones, identify the a)
sample space, b) range space, c) probability mass function, and d) histogram.
(9 points)
4. The following are the COVID-19 active cases of Angeles City, Pampanga last July
16, 2022. If X is the random variable to represent, construct the a) probability
mass function, and b) histogram. (6 points)
X 1 2 3 4 7 12
