Executive-Chapter 4
Question 1. What is the principal function of Executive?
Answer: The executive is the very important organ of the three organs of the
government. Other organs of the government are legislature and judiciary. The
executive executes ie; implements the laws and policies of the government
Executive are mainly responsible, for administration, development and the
welfare of the people. The executive makes an important appointment and is
also responsible for the security of the state and maintained the external
relations.
Question 2.
Write types of Executive?
Answer:
There are many types of the executive. It is the political executive which
include the President, Prime-minister and ministers and monarchs also.
Another main executive is the permanent executive which includes
administrative machin¬ery like civil servants who are responsible for
making and implementing the governmental policies and programmes of
the country. Sonja effective like President in India are nominal while
others like the Prime-Minister and President of India are real executives.
Question 3.
Write four features of Parliamentary democracy
Answer:
Four important features of Parliamentary executive are:
1. Two types of executive 1. Nominal 2. Real
2. The leadership of Prime-minister as a real head
3. Class relationship between executive and legislature
4. Executive in individually and collectively responsible for the
legislative.
5. Political homogeneity
6. Uncertain Tenure
Question 4.
Write four features of Presidential executive.
Answer:
Following are main for features of Presidential executive
1. Single executive
2. President as the real head.
3. The separation between Executive and Legislative
4. The executive is not responsible for the legislature
5. Definite Tenure
Question 5.
Write the legislative Functions of Indian President.
Answer:
Followings are the legislative functions of President of India:
1. President is part of the Indian Parliament
2. He summons prorogues and dissolves the Parliament.
3. He gives an asset to the bills passed by Parliament to make the
laws.
4. He gives assent for the introduction of the budget and finance bill
and gives final approval.
5. He nominates two members to Lok Sabha and 12 members to
Rajya Sabha.
6. He can send message ho the Parliament.
7. He issues ordinances when the Parliament is not in session.
Question6. What is UPSC?
Answer: UPSC stands for Union Public Service Commission which is a statutory
body and makes a recommendation for the appointment for different posts in
the central services and all India services. For this, it conducts examinations
and interviews and sets different educational and other conditions.
Question 7. What are the main functions of Bureaucracy?
Answer: Bureaucracy means civil services. Bureaucracy includes all the civil
servants in different departments. Bureaucracy includes from peon to Chief
Secretary. In a modern state, the functions of the bureaucracy are increasing in
the following areas. 1. Policymaking 2. Policy implementation 3.
Developmental functions 4. Welfare Functions 5. Appointments
Q8 Differentiate between parliamentary Executive and Presidential
Executives.
Answer:
Parliamentary executive and Presidential executive are two different
types of the executive which are found in most of the countries of the
world suiting their conditions. Differences between Parliamentary
executive and President executive are as under
Parliamentary Executive Presidential Executive
1. Two types of Executive-one is real
1. One executive and that is the real executive
arid other is nominal
2. Leadership of Prime-minister 2. Leadership of President
3. Based on the close relationship 3. There is a separation between the executive an
between executive and legislative. the legislative.
4. Executive is responsible to the
4. Executive is not responsible’ to the legislative.
legislature
5. Individual and collective
5. Ministers are not responsible for the legislative.
responsibility of ministers
6. Political Homogeneity 6. No political Homogeneity
Question 9.
Write the Executive functions of Indian President.
Answer:
Indian President is Chief Executive. All the executives’ powers are
vested in his name. His powers can be studied as under:
1. He appoints Prime ministers and ministers.
2. He makes all. important appointments like Governors and
Chairman.
3. He implements laws and policies.
4. He appoints high commissions, ambassadors and receives the
credentials of foreign dignitaries. He represents India abroad.
5. He is Supreme Commander of Indian Army.
6. He declares war and peace.
7. He has the right to be informed and to be consulted.
Question 10.
Compare the powers and position of Prime-minister of India with the
powers and position of US president.
Answer:
India has a Parliamentary system where Prime-minister is a real
executive who discharges all powers and responsibilities written in the
name of Indian President in the Indian Constitution. While in USA
President is the real head who uses the powers which are written in his
name in the US Constitution. Both offices have their own strong and
weak areas. Both posts are powerful parts of the world. We can compare
them in the following points.
1. The tenure of Indian PM is uncertain while the president of the USA
enjoys fixed tenure.
2. The Prime-minister his fewer powers over his ministers in
comparison to the ministers of USA
3. Prime-minister can dissolve Parliament but USA President cannot
dissolve Parliament.
4. The PM can implement his decision more effectively if he has the
majority in the Lok Sabha but US president cannot as he is more
dependent on all the consent of the US Senate.
5. Our Rajya Sabha has no control over Prime-minister. In USA
senate has control over the execution of the policies by the
President.
Question 11.
How the Governor is appointed? What are its functions?
Answer:
Since the state has also Parliamentary system of Government they also
need a nominal head. He is appointed as the nominal head of state by
the President of India. As head of State, Governor performs a formal
function in the legislative field, executive and judicial fields. Governor
also acts as an agent of the centre and as this capacity, he acts as a
watchdog of the national and central interest in the states. Governor is
also given some discretionary powers which he uses himself without the
aid and advice of council ministers and chief minister. He sends the
report to the centre under Art 356 for the imposition of President rule as
the situation demands so.
Question 12.
Why India adopted a Parliamentary system?
Answer:
There was a debate in Constituent Assembly whether to adopt a
Parliamentary system of government or Presidential system. Some
members were in favour of the Parliamentary system and others were
for the Presidential system. ‘But ultimate constitution-makers took the
decision in favour of Parliamentary system as we had already
experience of running a Parliamentary system under the Government of
India Act 1919 and 1935.
This experience had shown that in the Parliamentary system executive is
effectively controlled by the legislature. Constitution makers wanted a
responsible and responsive Government for India which can be
answerable to the people and could serve the need of the people. The
parliamentary system provides an effective mechanism to check the
executives by the people in the Parliamentary system.
