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CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Chapter 1 provides an up to-date overview of IT issues, major
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN trends, and various systems development approaches, including
structured, object-oriented, and agile methods. The chapter
emphasizes the important role of systems analysis and design
in supporting business objectives.

INTRODUCTION THE IMPACT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Systems Development
Business information systems are
developed by people who are technically
qualified, business-oriented, and highly
motivated
Must be good communicators with strong
analytical and critical thinking skills 3 4

Source: Systems Analysis and Design, Tilley & Rosenblatt

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UNDERSTANDING THE BUSINESS :

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING

Business Profile
• Systems Analysis and Design An overview of a company’s mission,
functions, organization, products, services,
₋ Step-by-step process for developing customers, suppliers, competitors,
high-quality information systems constraints, and future direction.
Business Process
• Systems Analyst A specific set of transactions,
events, and results that can be
₋ Plan, develop, and maintain information described and documented.
systems ₋ Business Process Model (BPM)
5 6

UNDERSTANDING THE BUSINESS WHAT INFORMATION DO USERS NEED?

New Kinds of Companies

Production-oriented
Service-oriented
Internet-based
Dot-com (.com)
Brick-and-mortar
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SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT TOOLS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT TOOLS

 Modeling Prototyping
Business model
Prototype
Requirements model
Speeds up the development process significantly
Data model
Important decisions might be made too early,
Object model
before business or IT issues are thoroughly
Network model understood
Process model
Can be an extremely valuable tool
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SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT TOOLS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS

 Structured Analysis
 Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Tools Systems development life
Also called computer-aided software engineering cycle (SDLC)
Predictive approach
CASE tools
Uses a set of process
Can generate program code, which speeds the models to describe a
implementation process system graphically
Process-centered
technique
Waterfall model
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SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS

 Structured Analysis Structured Analysis

Deliverable or end product The SDLC model usually includes five steps
Disadvantage in the built-in structure of the SDLC, 1. Systems planning
because the waterfall model does not emphasize
2. Systems analysis
interactivity among the phases
3. Systems design
This criticism can be valid if the SDLC phases are
followed too rigidly 4. Systems implementation
Adjacent phases usually interact 13
5. Systems support and security 14

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS

Structured Analysis
Structured Analysis
1. Systems Planning
2. Systems Analysis
₋ Systems planning phase
₋ Deliverable is the System requirements
₋ Systems request – begins the process & describes document
problems or desired changes
3. Systems Design
₋ Purpose of this phase is to perform a preliminary
₋ Deliverable is system design specification
investigation
₋ Management and user involvement is critical
₋ Key part of preliminary investigation is a feasibility
15 16

study
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SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS

Structured Analysis  Object-oriented Analysis

4. Systems Implementation – Combines data & processes
that act on the data into
₋ New system is constructed things called objects
5. Systems Support and Security – Object is a member of a
class
₋ A well-designed system must be secure, reliable,
– Objects possess properties
maintainable, and scalable
– Methods change an object’s
₋ Most information systems need to be updated properties
significantly or replaced after several years of 17 18

operation

SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS

Object-Oriented Analysis  Agile Methods

₋ A message requests specific behavior or ₋ Are the newest development
information from another object ₋ Emphasize continuous feedback
₋ Usually follow a series of analysis and design ₋ Iterative development
phases that are similar to the SDLC
₋ Agile community has published the Agile Manifesto
₋ Interactive model
₋ Spiral model

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SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT METHODS

 Agile Methods Other Development Methods

₋ Agile process determines the end result ₋ Joint application development (JAD)
₋ Other adaptive variations and related methods exist ₋ Rapid application development (RAD)
₋ Two examples are Scrum and Extreme Programming ₋ Might encounter other systems development
(XP) techniques
₋ Analysts should understand the pros and cons of any ₋ Rational Unified Process (RUP®)
approach before selecting a development method
₋ Microsoft Solutions Framework (MSF)
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SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Develop a project plan

Involve users and listen carefully to them
Use project management tools to identify tasks and
milestones
Develop accurate cost and benefit information
Remain flexible

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THE SYSTEMS ANALYST THE SYSTEMS ANALYST

• Responsibilities
Career Opportunities
– Translate business requirements into IT projects
₋ Job titles
• Knowledge, Skills, and Education
₋ Company organization
• Needs technical knowledge, strong oral and
written communication skills and analytic ability, an ₋ Company size
understanding of business operations, and critical ₋ Corporate culture
thinking skills
₋ Salary, location, and future growth
• Certification
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– Important credential

END OF CHAPTER

Q &A