Natural Disaster and Manmade

G H A R

(2)
2Module l
Disasters

Syllabus:
2.1 Natural Disaster: Meaning and nature of natural disaster, Flood, Flash flood, drought, cloud burst.
Earthquake, Landslides, Avalanches, Volcanic eruptions, Mudflow, Cyclone, Storm, Storm Surge
climate change, global warming, sea level rise, ozone depletion.
2.2 Manmade Disasters Chemical, Industrial, Nuclear and Fire Hazards. Role of growing population
and subsequent industrialization, urbanization and changing lifestyle of human beings in frequen
occurrences of manmade disasters.

2.1 Classification of Disasterss

2.1.1 Introduction
In the previous chapter we have defined the term disaster as "It is a dangerous phenomenon that
causes economic and ecological losses and creates health problems."
The disasters have immediate and long term effects. So it is necessary to control them to reduce
the huge losses living and non-living resources.
For doing so we must know the types of disasters and their causes to control them, if not all like
volcanic Eruptions, Earthquakes, Tsunamis cyclones etc. but at least we can control the losses.

So it is necessary to classify the disasters.

2.1.2 Classification of Disasters

On the basis of the causes of the disasters. We can classify them as the Natural Disasters and
the manmade disasters.

2.2 Natural Disasterss

2.2.1 Introduction

Definition The disasters whichare made by naturearecalledastheNatural Disasters.

Let us know the types of Natural disasters we are facing for the last many centuring i.e. in the pre
historic and in the historic period.
That time people use to look at these disasters as the curse of God and use to accept it.
 Disaster Mgmt. &Mitigation Measures (MU) 22 Natural Disaster and Manmade Disasten
Now we know that there is nothing like curse and by studying the symptoms we can
losses i.e. we cannot control cyclones but we can save the life of the people lving on reduce the
the
prone areas one
2.2.2 The Nature of Natural Disaster
The Natural Disaster is an event resulting from the Natural Process of the earth
eg. due to
climatic variations at a Global or local level the cyclones are developed or due to sudden
movements in the sub surface it may cause earthquakes and if the movements are
very strong
may cause the Volcanic Eruptions.
So it is just a natural phenomenon which cannot be controlled but it is
necessary to study them to
know the prone areas so we can avoid them for the construction of
huge structures like dams
This would help us to reduces the losses in future.

2.2.3 The Classification of Natural Disasters

On the basis of the basic natural cause we can classify the natural disasters as follows
(A) The Geological Disasters
() The landslides and Avalanches
roltoubotnl
s(i) Earthquakes
(ii) Volcanic Eruption eses3 sns seof soigolee bee alene
(B) The Hydrological Disastersleeneipstoebbssets
ernvad
() The floods
(i) The Tsunamies
(ii) The mun flood

(C)The Meteorological Disasters

() Cyclones elesei to rolisoitteosio
(ii) Heat wave ne a stesalb se 3o 2s
(ii) Cold wave s s b sbac
(iv) Droughts
() The cloud burst
estaee iutsl
(vi) Storm Surge soabon
(vii) Ozone Depletion
(vii) Climatic change ola
(ix) Global warming
Let us know about each of these natural Disaster in
brief.t s oolot9urelgong ai e

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 Disaster Mgmt.&Mitigation Measures (MU) 2-3 Natural Disaster and Manmade Disasters
2.2.4 The Geological Disasters

(A) Earthquakes

Definition ne sub layers of the earth's structure are in liquid state knowas Lava or Magma.
This liquid substance always have vertical and horizontal movements.
bThis causes the quaking of the earth surface. The earthquakes are very common in the areas
where the crust of the earth is thin e.g. in India J and K, Assam, Bihar are the states where the
frequency of earthquakes is more than in the southern states like Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu,
Kerala etc.
At the world level the most
Earthquake prone country is Indonesia and next to it is Afganistan.
The high magnitude earthquakes cause huge losses of human lives and the economic
properties.
We cannot stop earthquakes but we reduce the losses but avoiding such areas for the
construction of huge dams which may cause further damages due to filoods if they break due the
earthquakes
(B) The Landslides and Avalanches
The landslides

Definition Inthe hilly areas ifthe surface rockis porosive the rainwater percolates and make the
Surface layer loose and heavy so due to the gravitational force these rocks slide down. They are
calledasthe landslides.
ww.wwe w.w. w

If there is a settlement at the foot of the will due to such landslides it causes loss of lives, loss of
houses roads and agricultural fields. bed
The Avalanches
They are observed in the high altitude regions like Himalayas. These areas have the lce-caps and
91 as the temperature is always below 0°C they remain in the sold state.ib nozs
When the lce layers become very thick and heavy mainly on the slopes it slides down.ut
This creates danger to the people those who go for the mountainaring in Himalayas or for the
Pilgrimage like to Amarnath or Man Sarovar.
The small settlement at the foot hills of Himalayas also suffer from such Avalanches like the
landslides is the tropical regions.
(C) The Volcanic Eruptions
AS already discussed the inner zone of the earth has the molten Lava. 09 3
When the vertical movements become very strong, they break the solid earth surface i.e. the

crust and the liquid hot lava came Out.

Sometimes it just seeps out and get spread in the down ward direction but sometimes its velocity
is too high so it bursts out and causes huge economical and ecological losses i.e. the lava is so hot
that it burns whatever comes in its flow e.g. The plants, animals, human settlements etc.

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 Natural Disaster end Manmade Disat
Disnater Mgmt.&Mitigation Monsures (MU)
2-4
are i d 0 i i s o l e
whlch
prone to the volcanic eruptions
are
The major areas
as the Ring of Fire
Amerlca, It is known
west coast of North and South
() The
(1) The Western Europe
() Eastern and central Asla
but if these volcano prone areae.
volcanlc eruptlons cannot be controlled ar
Like earthquakes the activities the losses can be put und
economic
avolded of settlements or for any
for any type
control.

2.2.5 The Hydrological Disasters

The Floods
water from a stream or a river,
Definitlon: The Floods can be defined as t is the over flow of
river and create danger to the human an
The floods get spread over the both of the banks of the
domestic animals,
and ecological loss of the settlement located along their banks
They also cause a great economic
conditions. The floods are very common in the
After the floods are over they create unhealthy
North India.
known to create dangers to most of large cities locate-
River Brahmaputra kosi and Damodar are
areas to be affecte
Where the floods cover very large
along their streams mainly on the plains.
economically and ecologically
The causes of Floods

twice in ist ls17oinge bris abaon2seuo

Mainly the Himalayas rivers get flooded
a year.

1. In summer the show melts in their regions to cause rise in the flow volume of the
source
wate

which results into huge floods in the down stream areas.ite dirl els ni bavisedo 918
Flooded. Generally the floods am
2. In the rainy season due to the S.W. monsoon rains they get
source regions the te
natural disasters but they are manmade also. Due to deforestation in the
bed of t
soil is made loose it is carried to the downstream areas and it gets deposited on the
within the
river to make it shallow. The shallow V shaped valley cannot hold the stream water
banks, so it gets spread on both the banks to cause floods.
top3 se 3asnstee lne
Types of Floods

(a) The Flash Floods

These are floods observed locally. They are very sudden and hence they cause a huge 0
human life and of the other living beings.
They also cause the economic and ecological losses.
caused by heavy rain fall in the upward region of the river.

They may be the effect of very severe thunder stream 2e3do if.oo

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 Disaater Mgmt.&Miligation Measures (MU) 26 Natural Disastorand Manmade Disastors
Following are the major floods In Indla which caused a huge loss of lives and damaged the
economy and ecology of the affected reglons.
(0) The floods in Uttarakhand In the year 2013,
() The Brahmaputra Flash floods In the year 2012. These floods killed more than 100 people in
Assam and it hit the Kazlranga Natlonal Park and killed more than 500 wild animals
(ii) The flood in Ladakh (J and K) in year 2010.
The floods damaged about 71 towns and villages along the river banks and killed more than 250
persons.
Together with the above the floods In Karnataka In 2009 In Blhar in 2008 in Gujarat and in
Maharashtra state in 2005 etc. have proved to be great Natural disaster in India creating huge
economic and ecological losse_. nweb vwssde u80 01 riee s oo eoso797 bn 0
(b) The Mudflowvig a r l 1e m0 8 01 100 to letrgrehbue hns yn pes ys
The Mudflows are also called as the Mudslides
Definition t can bedefined as t is a flood related mudslide,"
The Causes of Mudslides
It occurs when a large amount of water causes a rapid erosion of top sol on a steep slope.
That makes the water mixed mud to slide down in the downstream plains to cause danger to the
human settlements and the agricultural fields.
The Effects of Mud flows
They are capable of destroying settlements washout the roads, bridges knock off the huge trees
with thick depositions of mud and rocks.
They are commonly observed in the foot hill areas of the Northern Indian states such as J and K,
Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and in Sikkim very frequently causing a great natural disaster.

2.2.6 The Meteorological Disasters

Thefollowing are the major Meteorological disasters.

(a) Droughts
(b) Cloud burst inen w olo eint joamenedt s d
(c) Cyclones
(d) Storms
(e) Storm Surge
Let us known about the above climatic disasters.

(a) Droughts
ltthe rainfallin received late.or, 2 2 B Sud aoyest b gns
If the rainfall is withdrawn early, or,

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 Disaster Mgmt. & Mitigation Measures (MU) 2-6 Natural Disaster and nmade Disast
Ifthere a huge gap in the rainy season. It causes droughts cause thel
droughts in lndia, droughts cause the
huge lo-
of agricultural products and also affect the domestic animals.
in the years 2015, 2016 in India such drought conditions were observed. In country there i
drought prone belt extending from Rajasthan it moves via central M.P. central Mahar is a
arashe
central Karanataka upto the central parts of Andhra Pradesh.
We have no control over the S.W. monsoon rainfall so, if it comes late or get off early the sde
ff
are the droughts.
They don't kill the human beings but make great economic losses.
aboote
(b) Cloud Burst
It occurs when the monsoon cloud drifts northwards from the Bay of Bengal or from the Arak
sea and settles down on a plain to cause a heavy down pore.
lt may cause a heavy and sudden rainfall of about 7 to 8 cm per hour in a given small river basi

To create a flood or mudflow situation.

The known cloud burst in India.
() In Uttarakhand in 2013. This cloudburst created the flash flood situation to cause thedea
of about 5,700 lives.
The cloud burst in Himachal Pradesh in 2015. This observed at Manali located at the fo

hills of Manali.
(ii) The cloud bursts in Kashmir valley in 2015. Eight cloud bursts within a period of three we
o f bul
time were observed mainly in kap worn and Budgam areas.

(c) The Cyclones 80yoasb 1o

Definition: The circular movement the wind in a smalllocalised area for short period oftme
called as yclones.
In India generally in the months of October and November these cyclones are observed on
east coast of India mainly in the coastal plains of Tamilnadu, Audhra Pradesh and Odesha.
They cause huge losses of human lives and also of the properties.
The latest cyclone affected on the east coast of Odesha on 30th April 2019 and moved tow
west Bengal. The name of this cyclone was "Fani."
velod
in the month ofJune 1998 one such cyclone hit Gujarat Coast near Jamnagar. The win
of the cyclonic wind was about 160 km/hour
a huge ha
This caused a great loss to the coastal areas of Gujarat as the cyclone was followed by a n

tide the height of the high tide was more than 5 mt. above a average sea level.
This cyclone took a tall of 1200 human deaths and the economic losses were estimateu
1500 crores like other natural disasters.

We cannot avoid the cyclones but if we get prior warming of the arrival of such cyclone
make the people move from the danger to reduces the human losses. wa a s
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 Disaster Mgmt. &Mtigation Measures (MU) 2-7 Natural Disester and Manmade Dlsastors
(dThe Storms
Definition: The storms are like cyclones hoving circulor movements but ore developed on the
landsgenerally inindia.
They are observed in the pre-monsoon seasons in North
India
They are also called as dust-storms.

Locally named as Andhi in Punjab loo in Uttara Pradesh and Kalbaisakhi in West
Bengal
Due to such high velocity dust storm on 3 May 2018 in North India about 125 people lost t
lives and about 200 got seriously injured.
On 17 April of this year ie. 2019 than 50
more people lost their lives due to duststorm in
Gujarat.
Sometimes these pre-monsoon storms in South India
bring sudden rainfall and hail storms whi
make a huge losses of the crops mainly of cotton and of the fruit crops.
it is mainly observed in Marathwada region of Maharashtra state and also in central Karanataka

(eTheStorm Surge
Definition: The rising of the sea level in the form of waves due the strong winds and due to
change in the atmosphere pressure" is colled as the Storm Surge.
Astorm surge or storm flood or A Tidal Surge or a storm tide is a coastal flood.
t is like a Tsunami like phenomenon which risers the water level of the sea to affect the low lying
areas near the coast.

The global warming and the climatic changes

Please Refer section 1.8

)TheOzone Depletion
Definition: The oz0ne [0] is a layer associated with the layer
of the atmosphere colled as
stratosphere also colled os ozonosphere which is about 45 km above the sea level from the earth. It
olso called as the shield Region of the earth.
As this layer absorbs most of the toxic ultra violet rays coming from the sun and protect all the
living beings.
The depletion of the ozone layer
We losing this natural protection against UV. as the ozone is getting depleted to due the free
are

radical catalysts i.e. Nitric oxides (NO), Nitrous oxide (N,O), Hydroxyl [OH), Atmomic chiorine
and ammonic Bromine (Br).
(CI)
In the recent times due to the
development of cooling industries huge amount of
chlorofiuorocarbons [FCs] the process of ozone depletion has been speeded up.
The Effects of Ozone
Depletion
Following effects have been observed.
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 Disaster Mgmt. & Mitigation Measures (MU) 2-8 Natural Disaster and
() It may cause skin cancer
Manmade Dis
(i) It affects the eyes (eye damages).
(i) It also affects the plant and animals.

(iv) It affect the Immune system.

(v) It affects the skin and speeds up the aging of skin.
(vi) It may cause chest pains, throat infections, Lungs infections etc.
(vii) It also affect the marine ecosystem. pob
So, the ozone depletion is slow killer and hence it is not taken very seriously by th
But we must try to safeguard this natural filter to control the immediate and l m co
and keep the earth safe. erm en

2.3 The Manmade Disasters

2.3.1 Introduction tot o nolg

The manmade disasters are also called as the Artifical disasters the
or
Anthropogenic disactem
All the human beings try to make use of the physical world i.e. the physical and
natural eg
to fulfil their ever grouting demands like food, shelter, clothing and defence.
These are the basic needs of all the
living beings and for survival they are required t
eiy completed, but when these needs get converted into greeds it creates a pressure on the n
resources e.g. we need more land to grow more not for consumption but for marketing.
We need more land so the land under forest is cut and cleared.
biae
The deforestation leads to global warming in the long run. The other effects of forest cutina
we affect the forest ecosystem and the habital of the wild life. As the plants are uprooted th
soil on the sloping regions, becomes loose and gets eroded, lose the valuable fertie
so we

This soil gets deposited in the downstreams to make the river beds shallow to cause i0
manmade floods.
The over use of the water mainly for the irrigation to get higher yields make the Solis salln
water logging conditions make the soils useless for the future use.
and solid wa
Due to industrialization and
unplanned urbanisation the huge and Be rages
generated in the urban areas to cause unhealthy conditions e.g. dumping tne solid wastew

proper treatment creates serious health hazards due to Air water and soil
poilui madeds
So together with the natural unavoidable
disasters. We have to face these
which can be put under controlled if not
totally stopped.
The modern life style needs more energy, nts.
more, infrastructural developme
This cannot be changed.
We can't go back to the level of the
life of the stone age
people.
Dssste Mgmt &Mgaion Measures(MU) 29 Natural Disasterand Manmade Disasters
The urbanisation the industrialization cannot be stopped but if we know the bad effects of the
present unplanned use of the natural resources.
We can at least control the situation and reduce the speed of manmade disasters.
The economc development cannot be stoped but we must try to go for the sustainable
development to control the economic and ecological losses through the manmade disasters.
Let us try to now the types, causes and effects the manmade disasters. So we can try to put them
under control it not total avoided.

23.2 Industrial Disasters or Hazards ssmsro sr beris esdyet wolt

A) The Definition of Industrial Hazard
Deintion encstra mainy owecon deine these hazards as
tsdngererginoting from technologicol orduethedangerous
proceduresinfrostructural failtures
w oy cause the hers or lass of the properly and may lead to the environmental

) The types of Technological disasters

Accident Release: The accidents during the industrial production transportation, storage and
handling of the Hazardous chemical subsistences.
s ye betrithos 26W s
C) The Explosion
The accidents due to the unexpected explosion during the production process or during the
transportation or after the material is stored.
9ams
The losses depends upon the intensity of such explosions, it could be chemical explosion, Nuclear
explosion, mine explosion etc.
The effects depends upon the basic cause of the explosion it intensity and also the frequency.
D) The Industrial Pollutions
Due to unproper production process or due to unproper method of disposal of the industrial
waste water and solid waste cause various types of pollution like Air, water and soil
pollution.
They cause various immediate effects on the health of the workers and also the long term effects
like causing the problem to the human immunity or also on their Reproduction systems.
Following are some of the effects of these industrial pollutions.
The Acid Rains
The water mainly ground water gets polluted
The soil in the industrial dumping grounds gets tsaic ydonaro ( 0
polluted.
The natural vegetation also get polluted around the industrial areas.
If the non -treated or half treated industrial waste water
gets mixed with the surface streams, the
Surface water gets polluted which affects the aquatic
life

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 Disaster Mgmt. &Mitigation Measures (MU) 2-10 Natural Disasterand Manmade Disass
The few decades back between Pune and Mumbai a huge chemical industrial compley
developed near Khopoli in Raigad district.
This complex created a huge environmental problem to the surrounding areas.

It has a small river called as Patal Ganga. inoncos s

Due to the direct flow of the industrial waste water into this river the whole of the river becas
polluted and caused various types of health problems.
Nowthey have shifted the chemical industrial complex to Roha small industrial settlements
t
Mumbai-Goa, National highway in Raigad district. 0C s taubef
Nearly by shifting the chemical industry the problem will not be solved unless the attempts a
made to modify the production process, which cause the damages to the human life and also
the environment.

(E) The Notable Industrial Disasters

() The Bhopal Gas tragedy, 1984
It is also referred as the Bhopal Disaster. It who gas leak incident. lt is considered as one of t
worst industrial disaster at the world level. The total toll
deaths was 2259 and final figure of t
deaths was confirmed by the M.P. state government was 3,787 deaths and 5,58,125 serio
injuries causing permanent disability.
otebt
(i) The chasanala Mining Disaster rokolues 6s1390
This occurred on 27 December 1975 at
Dhanabad, Bihar. It caused the deaths of 372 mine
This explosion at chasanala was so severe
that, the coal mine collapsed and millions
of water from a nearly reservoir
rushed into the pits
of gall
of seven million
Those who were not killed gallons per minu
during the early blast in the mine got
drowned in the huge water that rushed into trapped under the debris
the mines.
2.3.3 The Nuclear and
snolhule eteubn
Radiological Disaster g s03ube
Any radiation which crosses the permissible limits may lead to a ailos
causing emergency. Nuclear or Radiological DIsa
At the world level three
major nuclear power plant accidents
level. have been recorded at the w
(A) Daiichi Nuclear Disaster 2011.
(B) Chernobyl Disaster 1986
(C) Male Island Accident
1979 us osiab it lioe nitt
Definition: The Nuclear or the
Radiological disaster is defined as, t is an
significant consequences to the people
the environment event that ea0
or to the facility
 Disaster Mgmt. &Mitigation Measures(MU) 2-11 Natural Disasterand Manmade Disasters
The cause of Nuclear Disasters

The Nuclear power plants generate Electricity by healing the fluid via a Nuclear reaction to run
the generator.
A core damage accident is caused by the loss of sufficient cooling for the nuclear fuel within the
reactor core.

The Effects of Nuclear Disaster

Together with the damage caused by the fires and explosion these accidents release the
Radioactive materials. They cause Radiation sickness.
The Radiation damages the DNA, it also brain cells.
damages the bone marrow and the Such
heavy doses lead to deaths.

The Nuclear Accidents in India dau s

(A) The Kalpakkam Accident, 1987
f
This Atomic power station is located in Tamilnadu.
The accident occurred while refuelling process was going on for the fast breeder test reactor.
It damaged the core of the reacto.
Due to this accident the plant was kept closed for two years and there was a monetary loss of
about 300 million dollars.
(B) Tarapur Accidents, 1989 and 1992
Thefirst accident was the result of theleakage of radioactive lodine.
kud si 19o te
It took one year for repairing and it cost 78 million dollars.
The 1992 accident was the result of the malfunctioning of reactor tube.
This kept the production closed for a period of one year and monetary loss of about 350 million
dollars.
Among the other notable accidents in the Reactors are as below.
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station at Kota (1995)
(i) Kalpakum Tamilnadu (2002)
(ii) Mayapuri Accident (Near New Delhi in 2010)

2.3.4 Manmade Fire Hazards

The manmade disasters are the results of human carelessness callousness or may be because of
the lack of foresight and lack of the proper planning. Be
It has caused the deaths of a large number of innocent people and also the loss of economy and

ecology
Among the all the manmade fire hazards are required to be studied to present such disasters in
future.

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 Disaster Mgmt.&Mitigation Measures (MU) 2-122 Nlatural Oisastier artd Matmae
The Major Manmade Fire Hazard, in India
ih the urban areas the most notabile cause of fire is short dcircuits of Electricdity

R has been obsenved that generally such fires are cbserved in the pubilic funciorG wtere t
huge number of people suffer from such fires
Following are the major mishaps caused by fire in the past in india
(A) Fire in Delhi
On 13 June 1997 in Upahaar Cinema at Green Park in Delhi the fire tock glacz during te
screening of the Hindi movie Barder.
tkilled 59 persons on site they died due to suffocation and 103 perscns were erfcusiy injures
the resulting stampede
Lack of fire extinguishers and the due to the lack of periodic maitence of the eieie witng
caused this fire hazard.
(B) AMRI Fire Disaster in Kolkata
On 9 December 2011, this fire disaster took place at the AMRI, Hospital at Dhakura in South
Kolkata.
An electric short circuit in basement of the
hospital building resulted in infammable substance
catching fire which spread through the hospital at a very rapid rate
It became a more serious accident because it
happened in the early hours of the day at3 am
of
most patients and also the medical staff was
sleeping, The central AC system carried
all over the building
The death toll due to this fire hazard was 95 this
indluded the patients and the medical staf d
the hospital.

(C) The stophen court fire Tragedy, Kolkata

On 23 March 2010 due to the fire in this historical
building 42 people got killed.
We should called this as manmade
disaster because in that
escapes the exit from the roof also was blocked
building being old, had no proper fira
with a gate which was locked.
So the people on the higher floors got trapped.
The building being old with no
proper and regular maíntence make the conditions worst
(D) Kumbakonam school fire Tamilnadu
On 16 July 2004 at
Kumbakonam in Thaniavar district of Tamilnadu. This fire
lives of 94 young school broke and todk te
going children.
This again can be considered asthe manmade hazard as
classrooms were very closely constructed that school had a lack of open space
the exit gate was
The roof of the very small.
building was made up of Thatch there
was no
All these proper ventilation.
together added the danger of the fire and
took a very high rate of casuaity.
 Disaster Mgmt.&Mitigation Measures(MU) 2-13 Natural Disastorand Manmade Disastars
That school 900 student were present when the accident took place, That school had no disaster
management plans,
So, if we look at the above mentioned fire hazards, We will note that the main cause in all cases 15
unpreparedness for such hazards and carelessness,
in case of the fire accident in the rural areas are results of the carelessness of the local people and
also the tourists who go for the week end visits the nearly forest areas
The carelessness of these people, who go for camp fire or cook, 0
The food on site cause the forest fires which not only put the forest plants on fire but also affect
the forest ecosystem and kill the habitat of the wild life.
So causes the economic and the ecological losses.
This can be prevented both in the urban areas and in the forest areas if we can follow the

followingsteps. aistunog le st39t1s brs susos eh 9

A. The maximum occupancy limit of a building should not be crossed
B. The occupants of the building should be aware of the regulations in case of fire.
C. In case of the temporary structures built for the public functions a fire brigade and the
ambulance should be on the stand by for any emergencies
D. The building must have the proper and regular maintence of the Electric connections.
In case ofthe manmade forest fires every visitor should take care of the fire either made for camp
fire activities or for cooking is totally taken care of i.e. we must put out the fire before we leave
the camping sites.
This would help to save the nature and also the valuable forest wood having economic values.

2.4 The Role of Growing Population Subsequent Industrialization and

Urbanisation on the Hazard for Nation

2.4.1 Introduction

Among all the fast growth of population at the world level e.g. in the year 1900 the world
population was about 1.6 billion and has reached at the level of more than 6 billion in the year
2000
The latest population figure in 2019 is about 7.7 billion. Among these huge population figures the
urban population percentage also is growth at the fast rate e.g. in the year 1985 the urban
population was nearly 1.1% of the total world population.
t has reached upto 7.8% in this year i.e. in 2019
ne industrialization at the world level also has increased.

E Started in 19 century in Europe and America and reached India and in other Asian countries in
20 centuny.

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 Dsaster Mgmt.&Migation Measures (MU) 214 Natural Disaster and Manmade Disa
ndustrialiation has made an impect on the case of the natural resources through the et
the general land use pattern ie. by cutting the forests to convert the forest land for indust changin
dustrial un
or for the establishment of human settlement.
This has also made the change in the normal life style of the human beings i.e. from the
ural eco-friendly life style into the ruthless, urban population acting against the r orma
the natur
emvironment.
This has become the major cause of the fast development of natural as well as mans
disasters. nmads
Let us know about the
relationship among these manmade changes in the natural environma
and their effects to cause these disasters. men
2.4.2 The Growing Population and Disasters
Before we start discussing the cause and effects of
not down that we are not
population growth and the disasters we mue
discussing the rise in the number of earthquakes or the cyclones
the impact and the social economical bus
and ecological losses.
A large violent Tornado for instance passing through on
open field would cause little
the other hands a weaker Tornado can danger On
pose significant risk to the human
a
economic losses in the areas beings and to the
having high density of population.
The floods were very common
even from the Pre-historic
have been same but the periods and their occurrences also must
economic losses were less because
the river were lesser in people use to settle on the banks of
number.
They use to make their lively hood from the
natural environment without
change, so the losses of life and the economic making any unnaturali
losses were least.
A t present we due to fast
growth of
through the hills cut the natural forestpopulation have damed the rivers constructed huge tunnels
area to be used for
This has caused the manmade
floods and settlements.oleaina0TU
frequency has increased and death fall also manmade landslides. The intensity has increased,
have increased. the
So the disasters are
results of fast growth of
the natural resource to population i.e.
ofoubon
cause these
dangerous conditions makepopulation is putting over pressure ol
more sever the disasters more an frequent
2.4.3 The Urbanisation and Disasters
It has been
de 8tOS sgknots
proved that the rapid
natural disasters growth of urbanisation has increased
It is said that world's susceptibinyyto
about 78000
and about 200 million people get killed every
year in the natural
(or) the economic lossesperson's
due the
about 3%
of the human would disasters at the wonu leve
It is estimated that by 2050 out of
natural disasters. population suffer the physica and

the towns and urban the total

cities. population of the world about 75%
would be
i ng
 Disaster Mgmt. &MItigation Measures (MU) 2-15 Natural Disaster and Manmade Disasters

This would increase the number huge mega citles on the coastal plains,

This would increase the density of population of the coastal settlements one Tsunarni in future
may cause danger to these settlements

Due to population pressure we have started constructed big towns even in the earthquake prone
areas. So it's not the earthquakes which have increased but we only have moved to the prone
areas to cause more natural disasters

The natural resources are put under pressure due to over use of them, the rivers have the natural
capacity to purify them under the natural course of time, but we have reduced this chances of
natural purification by misuse and over use of the surface water e.g. the Government of India,
spends millions of rupees to control the pollution of river Ganga but the results are not very great
as the rate of protection of the water are lesser that the rate of pollution of the river
In most of the cases the urban settlements are put in dangerous conditions due to the huge
development of solid waste.
In fact there is no space available to dump the huge heaps of solid waste in and around most of
the urban settlements which has caused danger to the health conditions not only to the human
beings but also to all of the living beings
Most of the accidents in the urban areas like fires are the results of the unplanned construction of
building keeping no space for the fire fighting vehicles to control such fires.

2.4.4 The Industrialization Changing Life Style and Disasters

In a country like India the industrialization leads to urbanisations and urban settlements bring
industrialization.
The industrial development is surely required for the economic development of any country but
unplanned industrialization leads to the conditions which cause the disasters.
The gas leakages blasting in the industries the water and Air population due to the faulty
production processes in the chemical industries etc. are all to manmade situations to cause the
industrial disasters and hazards.
Recently the industrial disasters have increased due to the accidents in the Nuclear Reactors at
the world level.
Sofinally we can conclude that due to changes in thelife style of the human beings have caused
this almost uncontrolable able conditions.
It is said that at a rate we are exploiting the earth this green water and living planet would be
converted into a hot dry and dead planet.
T this is to be stoped we are required to re-think about the unplanned life, we are living and

about the greedy over use of the natural resources

The only solution to control the manmade disasters to make our life easy and happy. We must go
tor the sustainable and eco-friendly development and accept the simple thought of "Live and let
live" policy.

TechPublications
Knouledge
 Natural Disaster and Manmo
Disaster Mgmt.&
Measures (MU)
Mitigation
2-16
Manmade Disas
Review Questions
Rww.woww.

APT

3
disasters with examn
the geological mples.
Q.1 Classity the Natural Disaster
and explain
a.2 Write notes on the following:
A) Hydrological Disasters 2Module Il
B) Cloud Brust

C)Ozone Depletion causes and effects Syllabuss:

a.3 Define and explain the Industrial disasters, with suitable examples. 3.1 Disaster mana

Q. 4
policy, disaster
Define "Nuclear Disaster and describe the effects of Nuclear Disasters in
India. Policy and ad
3.2
Q.5 Describe in details the major manmade fire hazards in India. command and o
Q. 6 Bring out the relationship between "Growth of how to proceed
Population Disasters".
Q.7 Write in details about the
urbanization and disasters.
Q.8
What is the relationship between change in the 3.1 Disaster
life-style and disasters.
3.1.1 Introduct
igesdgnibl pn

Definition The
management o re
emergencies in pan
etesinap any diSaste
pepeuetnomaleysb lishtubn In other words=
oheievatp teprulgd would not rea-
building, if imm
sl9eessiotsul
Dgs2seb lstoubn
spread and rea
The immediate
economic prop
3.1.2 The Co
The disaster
reduce the ge
It includes su

before, durins
and recoverin

Definition