Present Simple (I work) (Pm working) Present Simple ‘We use the Present Simple for things that are true at any time. We use it for a general truth, | ora fact: | Things fall tothe ground because of gravity Ann doesn’t play the violin very well, but she plays the piano beautifully. 2 | Weuse the Present Simple when we talk about apermanent situation, or an activity that is Tepeated again and again, We think that it will continue for an unlimited time: What does Fred do? ~ Fred’s a journalist; he writes for a geographical magazine, Iwork for a company that makes computers. We sell them all over the world. Mary usually studies in the library. Istay with friends when Igo on business trips to Japan. or Pr esent Continuous Compare the Present Simple and the Present Continuous: Present Continuous T We use the Present Continuous to say that an ! action isin progress now, at the time we + speak: + Look! The leaves are falling from the trees. Listen! Ann’s playing the piano; she’s playing 1 something by Beethoven. T We use the Present Continuous to describea { current activity or situation that is unusual or ‘temporary. We know it will continue fora {limited period of time from now: | Fred is writing four articles about Africa. He did two yesterday. He'll do the rest tomorrow. T don’t usually work at the weekends, but I’m working on Saturdays at the moment. Mary's studying at home, The library is shut. ‘Sue and Martin are staying in a friend’s flat until they find a flat of their own, 3 [ Weuse the Present Simple with words like always, usually, often etc. when we talk about how often we do something: Mary sometimes studies at home, but she usually works in the library. A. Lookat this table. 1 We can use the Present Continuous with lwaysyo say that something happens too { offen” -ANNOWANGE | Tom is always asking stupid questions. 1 They’realways complaining. Name Home Job Current project Projectlocation Mike Glasgow engineer bridge design Aberdeen Sally London conference organiser congress Dublin Philip Leeds salesman trade fair Birmingham [Jenny Brighton accountant head office __London Use these verbs in the Present Simple or the Present Continuous: live, work, stay. 0 Mike _lives in Glasgow and he _works as an engineer. 0 Atthe moment Mike _is staying___ in Aberdeen because he_is working __ on abridge design there. 1 Sally in London where she ______ as a conference organiser. 2 Atthe moment Philip in Birmingham because he ____ ata trade fair there. PAGE 105 3. Atthemoment Sally in Dublin because she ———-—— € congress 5, 40 Jenny — in Brighton where she ____ as an accountant. | 5 Philip _________in Leeds where he asa salesman. 6 Atthe moment Jenny —____in London because she —__————- at head office, Use the words in brackets () to complete the dialogues. Use the Present Continuous or the Present Simple. 0. (The sun/rise/in the east.) 0 (Look! The sun/come/up.) The sun rises in the east. Look! The sun is coming up. 1 Ann: Is the swimming pool open today? Jane: (No, they/get/things ready for the next competition.) Ann: (How often/they/have/these competitions?) Jane: About three times a year. 2 Sam: (Why/that machine/not/work/at the moment?) Chris: (I don't know, but a mechanic/mend/it.) Sam: (What/the machine/do/in fact?) ( it/make/boxes?) Chris: (Yes, it/make/boxes ofall sizes.) _ 3. Mary: (Look! The Fosters/work/in their garden.) (They/not/usually/work/on Sundays.) Let’s have a word with them, Hello, Joe. Hello, Sara. ( you/get/ready/for the winter?) Joe: (Yes, weltidy /up the leaves.) (We/always/try/to do it before the winter/come/.) 4 Tim: (Sam, what/you/look/for?) Sam: (I/look/for Jean’s glasses.) (She/not/often/wear/them.) (She only/wear/them to read, so she often/lose/them.) PAGE_a@e~*~* NOtused in continuous tenses NON-~ACTION Verag« RORSACTION VELas « 2 Non-action verbs include: A: What does Tom do? B: He sings in a pop »_verbs of thinking: V Lookat this: group. know forget notice | remember recognize understand | | Iknow the answer, (Not Par knowing) A: What is Tom doing? verbs of feeling: { B: He's singing with his hate like love want ' oe He likes ice-cream. (Not He’sliking-=) : Action verbs, like sing, are used in simple } otherverba) | forms (e.g. he sings) and in continuous it 1 forms (e.g. he’s singing). Most verbs (e.g. cost fit hear TASTE sing, teach, study, talk, listen, sit, play etc.) Ticlude mean need own : are verbs of action. matter prefer smell. sound But some verbs do not describe actions. Look These shoes cost £55, (Not —-are-costing—) " at this: ce Tom has a motorbike. | 4 Some verbs have two meanings: one that describes an action, and one that does not: [looke} He’s looking at the picture. (action) a eee (=seems) tired. (notan — action) me \ tas John is tasting the soup. (action) ____ The soup tastes nice. (not an action) feel:} She's feeling the material. A : I feel (= am) cross about the accident, a 1CEPY Tom likes Mary. VThave:) What's she doing? She’s having lunch. Non-action verbs, like have (=‘possess’), like, | a What's wrong? I have a headache. know, are not usually usedin continuous | _—«[ think Please be quiet. I’m thinking. & tenses: ser I think you're right. Not ~Tontis having a motorbike: Not —Tonrisliking Mary- x ractice y A. Complete this text about a party. Put in the right words from the box in the right form, Present Simple (Ieat) or Present Continuous (I’m eating). Use each verb once. listen like talk = want ink play understand think ee ee ee Everybody 9_is talking _ very loudly. Tom 1___near the CD player because he? to the music. ‘Who? the guitar?” Judy asks him. ‘It’s Eric Clapton. 14 _________ he’s fantastic} says Tom. ‘T+____ the music, but I don’t $_____ the words very well} Judy says. At the end of the song, Judy says, ‘Are you thirsty, Tom? 7 you eee a rink? “Yes, a glass of orange juice, please? says Tom, ‘I never *_________ beer or wine? PAGE 12e etimes oudonot neck Bi Rockerkewands lnsacPos ent Simple othe Present Continuous SO™ y' ea, ut in the words in the Pre: change the verb in brackets. ; 0 1_don't understand (not/understand) that si Jmean)? 1 Paulaand Jack ate in the sitting-room. They ———————_ Paula — (look) at a magazine as well. 2 ‘Thestudents__________(count) the books in the library today, ___ (not/ know) how many we have. 3 Tim (like) his new shoes; they ——_——— 4 June: Look! That woman ) in your chair. Barry: It (not/matter). I can sit over there. i 3. This computer is very expensive. It_________ (cost) more than £3000, but the price (include) tax. i Li Me ign over there. What —40e2 it mea als (listen) to the news, and because we (fit) him perfectly. Use the Present Simple or the Present Continuous. Sometimes you do not need to change the verb. 0 Alan: (You/wear/your overcoat./you/go/out?) You're wearing your overcoat. Are you going out?, Jane: (Yes,/I/go/the shops. /need/some more paint.) ‘Yeo, 'm going to the shops. I need some more paint. 1 Adam: (you/recognize/the woman in this photo?) Susan: (you/mean/ the woman who/look/straight at the camera?) 2. Mark: (Hello, David. Why/you/stand/here?/you/wait/for me?) David: (Yes, I/want/to speak to you.) 3. James: (Listen to the engine, /you/think/it is all right?) Fiona: (It/sound/all right, but it/smell/of oil.) D_ Complete each sentence using the words in the box. tastes istasting feels has ishaving thinks _isthinking breakfast at the moment. 0 Acustomer —i2 feeling — some curtain material. 1 She’s smiling because she Eero about her boyfriend. 2. Johnis very rich. He —______________ a house, a flat, and two cars. 3. Thecook ie the soup now. 4. This material _______ very sof. 5 Thiscake ___________.__. delicious. 6 7 English is an easy language to learn, PAGE 13~ a iN \e Present Perfect (Ihave eaten) ‘We make the Present Perfect with have or has and a past participle (e.g. walked, taken): Vyoulwe/they have/’ve | He/she/it has/’s j started We make negatives, questions, and short answers with have or has: You haven't started. Diana hasn't started. Have you started? ~ Yes, Ihave. Has Diana started? ~ No, she hasn't. 2 With regular verbs, we add -ed to form the past participle (e.g. walked, started). But there are many verbs with irregular past participles (e.g. taken, chosen, sold, slept). For more details on past participle forms, see Tables E and F on page 96. 3 We use the Present Perfectio talk about events in past time, put(not about when they appened: (7 c =* Somebody has raxen my bag. (Not Sermebody-has-taken it yesterday.) ~~~ have read her latest novel. ‘We use the Present Perfect in this way when, _ Somebody has taken my bag. 1 can’t find it. I’ve been to the dentist. My tooth doesn’t hurt 2) now. 5S Wecan use the Present Perfect EEE 4 Weuse the Present Perfect to talk about situations or actions during a period that started in the past, and has continued up to_ dhe present (ey today, this month, this ean — for three weeks, since last year): We've lived here for six years. (= from six years ago until now) P’ve worked at CGE since 1992. (= from 1992 until now) Jane has phoned me three times this week. We haven’t saved much money this year. Have you seen Neil (today)? pales -never, already, and yet, like this: _ Have you ever been inside a submarine? I've never eaten horse meat. Chris has already sent her a present. They haven't finished their game yet. Note that we put ever, never and already before the past participle, and yet at the end of the sentence. A. Use the words in brackets ( ) to make questions and answers with the Present Perfect. 0 (have/you/eat/anything?) Have you eaten anything? 7 (have/Tom/buy/anything?) 2 (have/Jane/give/him any money?) 3 (have/you/break/anything?) (have/Pam/choose/a present?) (have/they/bring/any food?) ~ (Wes, I/have/eat/a lot.) ~ (Yes, they/have/bring/some sandwiches.) Yes, Ive eaten a lot. ~ (Yes, he/have/buy/a new suit.) { ~ (Wes, she/have/give/him £10.) ~ (Yes, Iave/break/a plate.) ~ (Yes, she/have/choose/this novel.)B_ Say what has happened in each situation. Use the words in brackets and the Present Perfect. 0 Your bike is not where you left it. (somebody/take/my bike) _Somebody has taken my bike. ‘The garage door was closed; now itis open. (somebody/open/the garage door) 2. There are no biscuits in the cupboard, (somebody/eat/all the biscuits) __ 3. The kitchen window was all right; now it is smashed. (somebody/break/the kitchen window) 4 Mary’s watch is not where she left it. (somebody/steal/Mary’s watch) 5. Your orange juice was in the fridge; it isn’t there now. (somebody/drink/my orange juice) 6 Your shoes are not where you left them. (somebody/take/my shoes) __ Pee eeee eee ee cea ee C_ Aninventor wants to advertise a new product. This week, he must send out a letter and organize a newspaper advertisement. He has made a list of jobs, and he has ticked (//) the things he has already done. 0 prepare the circularletter / 2 put the copies in the envelopes 0 buy the stamps 3 write the text of the advertisement / 1 make copies of theletter / 4 sendthe advertisement tothe paper ~~~ Write positive sentences with already , and negative sentences with yet. He has already prepared the circular letter. _He hasn't bought the stamps yet. 0 0 1 2 - 4 D_ Make complete questions and answers from the words in brackets. 0 (have/you/see/Kate this week? ~ No, I/have/not/see/her since last month) _Have you seen Kate this week? ~ _No,l haven't seen her since last month. 1 (have/Sue/win/any tennis competitions this year? ~ Yes, she/have/ win/three this year) 2. (have/you/shave/today? ~ No, I/have/not/shave/since yesterday) 3. (have/you/sell/many TVs this month? ~ Yes, we/have/sell/23 this month) 4. (havelyou/play/tennis this week? ~ No, I/have/not/play/for a month) PAGE 21