r Module -ol aloes Biawin BE “4 G) the arical dircrwete Ctrevit biag @) Blotng unteg a collector to base feedback Hedi thos a ginal Signed | opexation and Models &) collector covvent and trankonductance W Base current and tn pk sasistance WW) Emitter Corrent- and input New ntance Ww Vol rage goto WV) Sepasating the Agnal and “hs DC quantities (vi) the hybrid T madel 5) HoSFET Btasine ® FCM ng Veg Ge Rina Ve, Wi) Drain 4o Gate feedback sasistar . ) Small Signal cperation ord moddling : ©) he De biag point (Kr) Signed corvent in drain (ri) Volrage goin Sprott sequal equivalent ciavit modelt W 4 TAanScoudextance . hea. He Micro electronic cércents by Sdra ond So Hh Scanned with CamScannerBIT Basing a” 7? Biakt *% to entabltsh a Constant de current {9 the cellector of fhe BdT- Tht Current has t be predictable and tngenaitive to vostiaHons fo Aemparature and a Staking % focakng “tho de bias point in the ‘e+ Mee plane {0 allow for maximum output S9naf butag , Nee R & Re & @ Voltage divider bios’ © rheventeis egutvwlent cant | (|, © selage ri ’ % DT 12 the most Commonly Used for biasing g diitrete Circuit tranatStor amp er with Huge Power supply 2 , : Hee bose 6 fupplied with a frauton Ob Vee treugh Voltage divider Q, £2, Yeo, 2 Sy applying thevinis thearem at ine e one can find Me Ba 2 “i “eet Rlla © AR: Vee Meg Spr Wg e SARE ~@ Lo QrRa i Scanned with CamScanner> OPPNEHG KVL for loop LC bak emitter. Qroond)) Veg - See —Vee ~ Te ke 20 | » substituttuy ito above ep. Te fe 4 Be ke tp + < ® e L g v © te ~ Yeon @ Re Rt Te 3 TO make %&! tokengitive to Aempasatuxe £ & Vascatieng | Choate Vag S? Yee + RS fo ( {tp Ob a thy a mb sle he = SMe, Veg @ the SF Meo + Te Re Beg a Choote Rg alto Small ‘tre Ry + Ro selec GR Both kak their conrent 6 19 the reunge of Te 10 ote: 2 Re will Stabilize the de emitter cand hence collector wrred- . Hero Re 12 Called aig bing Stabiligaton swHstor . &) Cor Gog seaton Ph feb, Ve CBee.) ap 5 hence VecBL cr Mae 20.9 = Vg “Vet This ‘homo xedeocos Stabiliges. > Re Provides wep at ve dteedbace that Stobiliey the brag mrad - Te and hence Le. thes, Scanned with CamScannerft | ® Design a bias relwork of the Or pl fees, shown tn big: belo to estabieth Le = lm Ublug a PoLser supdy Of Vogt thay. Aume B= loo. $0] Weordi : : ae thomb %wle Ve == Vee thay \p: 4 -an 8° 4V ota Mee across Re = ae Veet Mee* $x CY Nae tory Wg") > chooke he current through the Voltage divide, MB Ol TE = Ol xjmp = Olma. neg locking bake Coren R4@, = MeL te Olfe — 0-1 mA ” (20k + — he = Vez av : —— : KV 5 Ry = hor ee KV > 2 = Hoke hence RQ: Born Scanned with CamScanner *gy Veo’ “Be = 0-4 | & os * . Re + Se gaara 4 Belo) en ‘te lot Jes hte 2 0-44x\ ma =1m6 . 2-8 ? ~ Tm = NR Me = thoy Re = bu R go i 4 obs fe 33k, 40 bate teed back Hedin feod back Xexittor Ree a, NW te 7 ‘oe se Biost UBt . Oo collector 40 1 hi a Feed back Hexiste fg: CE transistor amplifier btosed by Fee! Re, aud tts ano yvs we conrexd between the collector ‘ ad and the base’ which provider negative food back tuk ob BIT a ther stabilizes the bias pot 2 A rearstor Re Scanned with CamScanneri | ey appiyteg Rul tor the cBrewit Veo — Se Re — Saker Yet * & bot g,- fe = 9 Re > fe Nec - Vac = Se (Ret Se 6 ary lec - Vee ss) Ve a Nec - Vee Re Ro Ite e ? % make Be insensitive #0, Choke fe oe TK le ob &, dekexmines We ble regal. Atal otg, abr te Glledor ue “halag Ro, must" be fase - 42 Veg? Take = a de - Deatgn a citer ob tranbistey CE ampli Re ome Collect £0 bax bias to obtain a de eenrtrex Cesred Of IMA, MAMmyMm Gain, and a tiv Bignod oieg ak Hu Collector te’ dewgn iy Vee= 42:3av, Hal Vcc ctoy and pilog . &h Neo y : | RE line le = VenVe = Q3VENM z le Jt a3 Vero Nee Vee = Vp- Ve 2 Odv > Ve x Vy, ef Vero Nee Rez Me “Ye 2 OTR a tee Te 1me Scanned with CamScanneruse A Standaxd susistoy os Ro 2 F-5 RU Ve“¥8 . lwa~ oy. Re = == Te Bs rq ue > 162 bw i" . bot = Je. . lm WB tor 9-96 use @ Standard suystor af Raz l6oRu With RetF-Ser + Rex Ooke ~ Mec- Vee » Te +c" 8€ 5 pti = |Orme Re + Be - TFB GORE Small Staonal Operation and modoh, ~? Consfolen “the Circuit shown below - Hexe , Emitter box Junction Sonsasd biased yd Voltas Vee & Coledor box juncton ta reuse blaxd by Uke through Re» he fp Stgral to be angi bed UL, t2 Superimposed | on Vee’ de analysx of trayigisior » > Scanned with CamScannerf > Considering de bras Conditont Lie. Reb the de coy Volk eae reots and volkagy axe ralaked oy ~ \, Tet ogc ele Q) Tet Pefy @ Sera —® fe ely () Tes Pig, —@© Ee Me Ge Re ® Notation: foxy de VoUrage 4+ Cunenty Capital letteu ps9 Veg Vee te rig -- Note: For ac Voltages conrvents with Smal tetter, be Ven, Vee, te, ly -- \ For trbtankantous Volkages + coments wanth ! & Veg, Vee, le. ts ~ ‘ Te collector current and the peindceroetane op Qa Spa Cay a Voo lt applied , then the totay bage to emitter Voltage > For the above Crit, ‘2 GFven af Vee, = Vact Uso —® Scanned with CamScannerCO ESSSYE__TSSC_CNS:C CE & vy ee ee ee /Vr 2 5 eer we)/y Neel Vpe/vy tHe ~e@ er $e “bel bey; - ihe 2 fee ro ® x 2 th Uy 4<\h e Natta rs can be Approximated 4p Fu | ye ee Te[t + te —@® | TWA th Voli only Th Ye Ws thon tomy oud Th meperred af gaat ono) Opproxi uation Colkclor corrent % Yiven a i, - q ‘es tet Ee uy, —@® Te hat a de btat e@ value Sq and a Aipeal ve Component okey | 0 be —@ @® ; don Ube oa (fo = = = trang tondactance, — (8) fm is Proportional 40 Te. Dp kane COnttaut— Jn Te abo to be maintained af coutant. kT has Ve = Volk PAvévalet- of tempaxatur = St = F-62185 ‘ ; - Tee = 25-9xigty. 257-9 mVy ze Scanned with CamScannerBH Graphical sepresentatton fo 2 “the Slope of ig- Vg, Chaxachosegtic curve Ob ek B the 0 _ die __ an © Be / i, Ty 2 under Amal! signal , the tansintor cpexakion I Keshicred 40 almott Lneax Fegrmeut- of To-Wa, Sepa Wrve + 2 Por 2a Hgmals , the transttoy, behaves ag a Voltage Controtted Current Source (‘trom 9 9). Up por bln bax & emitter Volkage eure Clp pork bln colleetoy L emit , Controlled Yevsce with a Value og Qn Scanned with CamScanner |calculate the value of fin tof a BIT prased at I, 20:5mea. an in De O-5mH 2 aT =O 1 *dID Bm 7 Vr 25-9 mv ae fohore yy LAD. y T @ 7 25°9m BE Vy ob fiea= Te[r 4 Ze] Ustng, appro uabies Ve Wr | deyoentah wp ths above Gy. Wivt Be WE Gee | ; wo ttak fete | Oe Bae = Vy Vee . Ve ~ tn se _ The ‘Base cwsrent and the Pnut Ketistanceat. : “fy > Considering the \aame circott: The Amal Stanal toput resiatance between laase and | eee there CHoobing Tuto tte bare terminal) T2 detined ag te satio ob bag toemitter Voltage (4,3) oud ~ bate Comet (ty)- whch tg denoted ag Nee Scanned with CamScanner9 4 he Cee . ‘be ; 1 eck ® b VO destve thik. the tote) base Coned BF, a ae 1 . lez Je yp ies Me (1+ Ae] p i, - & Bt te Go Bo! By “ee Thos ty. (OS BBA ® Who 2 lpr Be By, be — ® W-6+ 4 ic 7 3 ve ede ‘oc @ Wy > Senatl “signal tp Or Stance ~ be Yb ye eB Bo, dm. @ vy. Pay q — but “tc “Gs ey 6% TB @) A BIT ampli bien th btared to operate at a Coritant collector current Io: 0-SmA. D4 B ob the transistor vues trom 50 tos, Scanned with CamScannerPF Ch ntlwate ge nce Expected Seiegt of Gro Ip ard he aries gol % Ot ts Constant (Trrespech ve 6+ vosuation 'p) 7 Se amy ee} may. Tp: Sh as B & fom 50 to 200 B = lone 225 uA Tg Wrger rom OMA “© A-Syep Vy Wert (ona ™ 2 &5°9 mv louA ret osu Yy > 85 my Beam * (OK, y, ", “anges Fem oe 5aR 10 10-36Kn > Qe STKL a ' Y ° | " ” “hes Ermtttes corrent and “the tmput Hevigtane, etter oF the Orn) thee i > The smal Sigeal stesidtance between the bare | nd anitlern (looting tuto the amitior) ta Serotod a He, and t defined a3 He xato b bak to emitter vottnge Ye) | 10 the emit “orrent Ge) Scanned with CamScannerOo ON | fe 2 Vee _ a te | > The total emitter corrent be & detevernined ’ 7 ~ le Lette _ & t les a - oa +e thos le = Tette 4508s the Bgnal corvedt 1% given ag ter us = BmM%e ey fee Fone a - bot 8mx Le ie Te Vy, To’ Es Se G te SR ob ino ve C 8) aa Yo 2 Me _ Ve not fey. — te FE ox V, be c Im : Yer a we ot { ”m 3 . wm Relaki “s He CeFonthip bin ty and Ye te =a ea Mee > ty = ler Thos Gy 2/6 Um te te: te Cpe, Scanned with CamScanner —A 6sT having Brloo ts \fased at a de collet? Curent of (mA. Feud he Value of fins & Grd Vy ot the bles point: ones rima. Vtg 2sdmv T fol! » @tven ‘pe loo, Sol. : zy! ima. | : ~ AMA. . 3Q.61 ma/y de va 259 mv Yor + c 259. |g gm ; 100 2 2ST KL r= fe secimely Voltage gain : 2 The voltage gain of Amplabier t& defined af ta naktio of ovtpot voltage 20 the Topuk voltage . ~ ; at C Ay 2 Tee Ne 2 The “Transistor Aentet the bakto emittes aipred Causes the proportional tUrrent- lo® IB, to “be How ta the collector Lead ata high imped. ‘ lance « Fos @ beangsior 8 ackeng ab a vollag controlled Corrent gouxCe > ! ‘ “the output Vo rage Bignal Ps the drop acioy & 3 : , 1 » The. total eatlector Voltage ee 1% given ad het Veo — t. Re > Scanned with CamScannerRe ME ae Be ie) Re = Vee = .e9) ~ tee = rH an Ue = Voge — te Re Vea ~ e Thos, the ségnal Vollag is given by - Vee =~ FeRe = —g, h_ Re a Wir Vee = CBR) ¥,. Theos Notkage goin, ve lays ~ TR 4 "=" Shows. (Go phase Shibt- | Do a transistor ampli fer Ves ts adjusts to yield a do collectoy Current of Ima. hae Veo = 15V, Roz lak and Bzloo: Find ths Vo lage getn ee - v} Who = 01005 Sint V- Peed V0) and td. Sb ne jah | Ve e)eV, Re tlokwe / B=100 Beko mA x LOK Ay =e % aiey BaeVv- Scanned with CamScanner| — SO Vee = © 9m Rc) Ve qe To Mo) 39-6 moly m Vp 259 mV Boe ~Co Bk bl romy * tok) Phe =-3%6' Il Xo.005 Sin wr ' = = 193 Stnwk—- : 2 Vv Vee “ Vee + Vee : tv Vee ~ Sek * (ts ~ imp x tole) bu Ce = ) 2 BV 193 gnwt) Doh, Uw)? 5+ (193 9° (5 =f da ginwt) Vv oe T Ima . p te = ~e 160 ae ye doy BHI MOV G05 Sinwt Bp %° “too > 193 x10 Sinut ip) = [lo 4 143 Sire) Scanned with CamScanner| Separating the Afgral ord do guankites Tn an arnpli bien, avout cwrrent + Voltag, 18 Composed of to Comer, ie a de Cornponaut~ 4 & Aigral Component Figy The amplibex Cireit WotR Veet pe eliminated =? the de components ase determined From the’ de eguivalent Cereurt : . % Strmilaslyy, Sipral Components can be obtacud by Clerk na king the ‘de Sourcer. A Voltage Sources by Shot chi and “Curren Sources by open Uelr % “the tg brtd T modal » 2 An ey Utvalent— direnet model het Bats '& Secon fn bigs below. Dr stepresenta the BIT aga Votkage -Conbolled Current source oud ft anetudes the tapout sesistance ab bot Yr: where fo Fn Me | 4 fhe We Tn . Wwe g Fa yebrad ap model char “OO m= 5 Controlled = B/p, QJT ag a Vo! Cotte 7 Scanned with CamScannerte = ee ty % S sa Ye = 20. Sr te a € Hp th 2 BIT Can be wpresewed With ef Levaledt cortwit ob Current Controlled Cwrredt source Cewrrent aropli Hex) - 8 ok ete Hee f& can be . Expreticd Putesuns of ial he Yer Blo ~ Te = Fino © Im(Tr ty) t Pie =m %) Te fq: BIT o& Wren te Bt annpli peek — 2 he two modelk ae Simplibeed vaeon’ oF bybid 1 model and tb mot widely used medal tor Hf 10! t hele ve > at emitton node, fe = [yt Ce fe= Tht Bie pty —be_ mee Ur b te whore ye= Tr By Scanned with CamScanner