DRILLING MACHINE
Drilling is the operation of making holes in a work piece by forcing a rotating tool called drill
against it. The machine which is primarily designed to perform this operation is called
drilling machine.
Drill is a multi-point cutting tool. Drill is a cylindrical bar with helical grooves cut in the
body to provide cutting edges and permit removal of chips.
For drilling operation, the workpiece is kept stationary and the tool is given motion. Rotary
motion and feed motion in straight line towards the workpiece are given simultaneously to
the tool. Due to rotary motion, metal is removed from the workpiece in the form of chips.
PRINCIPAL PARTS OF DRILLING MACHINE
Fig. Block diagram of drilling machine
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1. Base: The base of the drilling machine is a rectangular casting on which the column is
mounted
2. Column: Column is a heavy vertical structure which rests on the base. The head supporting
the motor and spindle is mounted on the top of the column. The column also supports the
work table.
3. Table: The table of the drilling machine supports the work piece or other work holding
device. It can be moved up and down on the column. Also it can be set in various positions in
the horizontal plane.
4. Spindle and spindle head assembly: Spindle is the rotating part on which the chuck is
attached. The chuck holds the drill, so that when the spindle rotates, the tool also rotates.
The spindle receives power from the electric motor with help of a belt drive. The spindle
speed can be changed with help of stepped pulley. A feed handle is provided for upward and
downward movement of the spindle.
OPERATIONS PERFORMED IN DRILLING MACHINE
1. Drilling: It is the operation of producing a circular hole using a drill by removing metal from
the workpiece. Drill bit is a multi-point cutting tool.
Fig. Drilling
2. Reaming: Reaming is the operation of finishing and sizing an already existing hole. It is
performed after drilling or boring operation. The tool used is called reamer, which has
multiple cutting edges. This operation removes a very small amount of metal from the drilled
hole.
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Fig. Reaming
3. Boring: Boring is the operation of enlarging an already existing hole. It uses a single point
cutting tool. In addition, boring can also be used for correcting the hole location and out of
roundness.
Fig. Boring
4. Counter boring: It is the operation of enlarging a drilled hole for a specific length. It can be
done by using counter boring tool. Counter boring tool is provided with a pilot at its bottom
in order to maintain the alignment and concentricity of the earlier hole.
Fig. Counter boring
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5. Counter sinking: It is the operation of making a cone shaped enlargement at the beginning of
a hole. This is done for providing seat for the counter sunk head of screw or bolt.
Fig. Counter sinking
6. Tapping: It is the operation of cutting internal threads in a drilled hole. The tool used is
called tap. Tap is having external thread in it. When a tap is screwed into the hole, it removes
metal and cuts internal thread.
Fig. Tapping
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