QUALIFIED RIGGING COURSE

What do we need to know to systematically take a

rigging job from beginning to end?
Weight of load
 Center of Gravity (CG)
 Shape & size of load  Lift radius (Mobile cranes)
 Attachment points  Travel path
 Hitch types  Placement point
 Sling types to be used  Tag lines (required or not)
 Rigging hardware to be  Personnel requirements
used  Person in charge
 Footing (Mobile cranes)  Designated signaler
 Overhead hazards  Inspections (lift equipment)
 Lift equipment (Crane or hoist Inspection (rigging gear)
2 type)
 Rigging Training
Rigging Applications
Load Control
When rigging a load we want to rig to the
Center of Gravity (CG).
What is the Center of Gravity (CG)?

 The balance point of the load.

3
 Rigging Applications
Load Control

 How do YOU determine where the CG is?

 Where is the Center of Gravity (CG)?

4
 Rigging Applications
Load Control

 Where is the Center of Gravity (CG) now?

5
 Rigging Applications
Load Control

 Now where is the Center of Gravity?

6
 Rigging Applications
Load Control

 The Center of Gravity is not on the load.

7
 Rigging Applications
Load Control

The Center of Gravity will

do at least two things when
suspended.

8
 Rigging Applications
Load Control

The Center of Gravity

will do at least two things
when suspended.
1) Move directly below the
point of support.

2) Move to the lowest point

possible.

9
 Rigging Applications
Load Control
Attach the slings
above the CG.

 If this is not possible, always

keep the CG contained with
three or more legs.
 A load with a high CG
can rotate in some sling
hitch configurations.

10
 Rigging Applications
Tag Lines

The safest method for a rigger to control a load

suspended from a hook is with a tagline.

Tips for use:

• Used to control load spin
• Keeps rigger away from the load
• Never wrap tagline around body or limbs
• Attach away from CG
• Trail load when traveling

11
 Rigging Applications
Sling Capacities

 The rated capacity found on the sling

tag or capacity chart is affected by the
following factors:
1) End attachments and splice efficiency
2) Hitch types
3) D/d ratios
4) Number of legs/angles

12
 Rigging Applications
Sling Capacities

End Attachment and Splicing Efficiency

Speltered and epoxy socket end fittings…100%

13
 Rigging Applications
Sling Capacities

End Attachment and Splicing Efficiency

 Swaged socket end fittings… 100%

14
 Rigging Applications
Sling Capacities

End Attachment and Splicing Efficiency

 Swaged sleeve fitting up through 1”… 95%

 over 1” through 2”…92.5%
 over 2” through 3.5”…90%
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 Rigging Applications
Sling Capacities

End Attachment and Splicing Efficiency

Hand tuck splices

1/4”…90% 3/8”…88%
1/2”…86% 5/8”…84%
3/4”…82% 7/8”…80%
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 Rigging Applications
Hitch Types

100%

10,000 LBS
Vertical Hitch
17
 Rigging Applications
Hitch Types
80%

8,000 LBS
Choker Hitch
18
 Rigging Applications
Hitch Types

200%

20,000 LBS
Basket Hitch
19
 Rigging Applications
Hitch Types

Basket Hitches

Basket rating less than

200% of vertical because
of sling angle to load.

20
 Rigging Applications
Hitch Types

100% 80% 200%

10,000 LBS 8,000 LBS 20,000 LBS

Vertical Hitch Choker Hitch Basket Hitch

21
 Rigging Applications
Hitch Types

Choker Hitch Adjustments

Angle of Sling Rated
Choke Capacity (%)
90° to less than 87%
120°
60° to less than 74%
90°
30° to less than 62%
60°
0° to less than 49%
30°

22
 Rigging Applications
Rendered Choker Hitch

60°

23
 Rigging Applications
D/d Ratios

D/d Ratio – the diameter of curvature around

which a wire rope sling is bent affects its
capacity.

 The upper case ‘D’ refers to the diameter of a

sheave, hoist drum, or with rigging the diameter
of the object to which the sling hitch is applied.
 The lower case ‘d’ represents the diameter of
the wire rope.

24
 Rigging Applications
D/d Ratios

To determine the D/d ratio, divide the diameter of

the wire rope sling into the diameter of the load.

 A good rule to follow is to keep at least a 6:1

ratio which results in an 80% efficiency of the
sling.

 A 1:1 ratio results in only 50% efficiency of the

sling.

25
 Rigging Applications
D/d Ratios

D/d Wire Rope Sling

Ratio Strength Efficiencies
20:1 100%
1” wire rope sling
15:1 88%
10:1 86%
8:1 84%
6:1 80%
4:1 75%
2:1 65%
D/d ratio = 6” ÷ 1” = 6
1:1 50%
6: ratio = Approx. 80% efficiency

26
 Rigging Applications
D/d Ratios
Softeners are often used to help create a better D/d
ratios.

27
 Rigging Applications
Sling Configuration Workshop

19,600 lbs
Capacity ___________ 14,400 lbs
Capacity ___________
(9.8 Ton) (7.2 Ton)

28
 Rigging Applications
Sling Configuration Workshop

33,800 lbs
Capacity ___________ 14,400 lbs
Capacity ___________
(17 Ton) (7.2 Ton)

29
 Rigging Applications
Sling Configuration Workshop

7,200 lbs
Capacity ___________ 29,400 lbs
Capacity ___________
(3.6 Ton) (15 Ton)

30
 Rigging Applications
Sling Configuration Workshop

19,600 lbs
Capacity ___________
(9.8 Ton)

31
 Rigging Applications
Sling Configuration Workshop

20,000 lbs
Capacity ___________ 16,000 lbs
Capacity ___________
(10 Ton) (8 Ton)

32
 Rigging Applications
Sling Configuration Workshop

34,640 lbs
Capacity ___________ 16,000 lbs
Capacity ___________
(17.32 Ton) (8 Ton)

33
 Rigging Applications
Sling Configuration Workshop

8,000 lbs
Capacity ___________ 40,000 lbs
Capacity ___________
(4 Ton) (20 Ton)

34
 Rigging Applications
Sling Configuration Workshop

Capacity20,000 lbs
___________
(10 Ton)

35
 Rigging Applications
Number of Legs
Worst case scenario:
Two legs carrying
the complete load while
the other two balance the
load.

36
 Rigging Applications
Number of Legs

Rated Load = single leg sling rated capacity x

number of legs x sine of the horizontal angle.

 Sines
 60 deg. - 0.866
 45 deg. - 0.707
 30 deg. - 0.500

37
 Rigging Applications
Number of Legs
Ways to help equalize the loading on a 4-
leg rigging system.
 Leg lengths equal
 Lever Hoists

 Turnbuckles
 Adjustable Hitches
 Two 2-leg bridles instead of one 4-leg
 Use sub-link assembles on 4-leg bridles

38
 Rigging Applications
Number of Legs

1234

39
 Rigging Applications
Share of the Load

50% 50%

40
 Rigging Applications
Share of the Load

(0-50) (50-0)
25% (50-0)
25% (0-50)
25% 25%

41
 Rigging Applications
Share of the Load

25% 50%
25%

42
 Rigging Applications
Load Angle Factors (LAF)

43
 Rigging Applications
Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Sling Angle/Horizontal Load Angle Factor
90° 1.000
85° 1.004
80° 1.015
75° 1.035
70° 1.064
65° 1.104
60° 1.155
55° 1.221
50° 1.305
45° 1.414
Following angles are NOT recommended when rigging

40° 1.555
35° 1.742
30° 2.000
25° 2.364
20° 2.924
15° 3.861
10° 5.750
5° 11.49

44
 Rigging Applications
Load Angle Factors (LAF)
1) Determine the share of the load per sling.
2) (LENGTH) ÷ (HEIGHT) = LAF
3) LAF x Share of the Load

7,000 lbs 7,000 lbs

Length
= LAF
Height

Height

45
 Rigging Applications
Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Share of the Load = 19,000 lbs
LAF = (LENGTH) ÷ (HEIGHT) = 20 ft ÷ 12.5 ft = 1.6
Sling Loading = LAF X Share of the Load = 1.6 X 19,000 lbs = 30,400 lbs
Minimum Sling Size = TPXC - 4000

46
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 1
Share of the Load = 6,520lbs ÷ 2 = 3,260 lbs
LAF = 12ft ÷ 10ft = 1.2
Sling Loading = 1.2 X 3260 lbs = 3,912 lbs
Minimum Sling Size = 5/8”
Another Method:

Sling Loading = Share of the Load ÷ Sin (Load Angle)

Sin (Load Angle) = 3,260 lbs ÷ Sin (56.4˚) = 3,913 lbs

56.4˚
6,520 lbs
Sin 30 = 0.50
Sin 45 = 0.71
Sin 60 = 0.86

47
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 2

Share of the Load = 72,000 lbs ÷ 3 = 24,000 lbs

LAF = 10 ft ÷ 7 ft = 1.42
1.42 X 24, 000 lbs = 34,080 lbs
Sling Loading =
Minimum Sling Size =
3/4” SYS 10
1” SYS 8
7/8”(1.4)

48
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 3

Share of the Load = 45,000 lbs

LAF = 1.3
Sling Loading = 58,500 lbs
Minimum Sling Size = TPXC-8500

90,000 lbs
49
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 4
Sling A Loading = Sling B Loading = Share of the Load X LAF
= (52,000lbs ÷ 2 ÷ 2(connections at left)) X (12 ft ÷ 8 ft) = 19,500 lbs

LAF

50
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 4
Sling A Loading = 19,500 lbs Minimum Sling A Size = TPXC-2000
Sling B Loading = 19,500 lbs Minimum Sling B Size = TPXC-2000
Sling C Loading = 39,000 lbs Minimum Sling C Size = TPXC-4000

51
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 5
What is the minimum size 3-leg bridle for the load below?

1-3/8”

52
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Offset Center of Gravity
70,000 lbs 30,000 lbs
1) Multiply d2 x
weight
2) Divide the result
by the total distance to
get sling A’s share of the
load.

3) Multiply d1 x weight
4) Divide the result by
the total distance to
get sling B’s share of
the load

53
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 6

6 Ft. Leg
Share of Load = (d2 ÷ td) X 55,000 lbs
= (9 ft ÷12 ft) X 55,000 lbs = 41,250 lbs

LAF = 1.2
Sling Loading =49,500 lbs
Min. Sling Size = 1 ¾”
Min. Shackle Size = 1 ¾”

54
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 6
10.5 Ft. Leg
Share of Load = (d1 ÷ td) X 55,000 lbs
= (3 ft ÷12 ft) X 55,000 lbs = 13,750 lbs

LAF = 2.1
Sling Loading = 28,875 lbs
Min. Sling Size = 1 ¼”
Min. Shackle Size = 2”

55
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 6
12.5 ft. Leg 10.5 ft. Leg
Sling Loading = 1,022.7 lbs Sling Loading = 4897.5 lbs

Adjustable Bridle Size = TPA 6 Web Sling Size = EE1-901

(1200 lbs)
5,400 lbs X (1.25 ft ÷ 8.25ft) X (12.5ft ÷ 10 ft)
5,400 lbs X (7 ft ÷ 8.25ft) X (10.5ft ÷ 10 ft)

5,400 lbs

56
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 8
The actual load on Hoist A = 1,925 lbs
The actual load on Hoist B = 1,500 lbs

2,000 lbs X (11 ft ÷ 16 ft) X ( 7 ft ÷ 5 ft) 2,000 lbs X (11 ft ÷ 16 ft) X ( 7 ft ÷ 5 ft)
= 1,925 lbs
= 1,500 lbs

57
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 9
The actual load on Hoist A = 2,100 lbs
The actual load on Hoist B = 2,250 lbs

3,000 lbs X (10 ft ÷ 25 ft) X ( 14 ft ÷ 8 ft) 3,000 lbs X (10 ft ÷ 25 ft) X ( 14 ft ÷ 8 ft)
= 2,100 lbs = 2,250

58
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Attached Different Horizontal Plains

When slings are attach to the load at

different elevations unexpected stresses are
created.
Loading in 7 ft. Leg = W x D² x L¹
(D² x H¹) + (D¹ x H²)

Loading in 18 ft. Leg = W x D¹ x L²

(D² x H¹) + (D¹ x H²)

59
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Attached Different Horizontal Plains
6,720,000
80,000 x 12 x 7
W x D² x L¹
56,709 lbs
(D² x H¹) + (D¹ x H²)
(12 x 6.5) + (3 x 13.5)
78 40.5
118.5

4,320,000
80,000 x 3 x 18
W x D¹ x L²
(D² x H¹) + (D¹ x H²)
36,455 lbs
118.5

60
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Attached Different Horizontal Plains

7 ft. Leg
Sling Loading = 56,709 lbs
Min. Sling Size = 2”
80,000 lbs x 12 x 7
= 56,709lbs
(12 x 6.5) + (3 x 13.5)
18 ft. Leg
Sling Loading = 36,456 lbs
Min. Sling Size = 1-1/2”

80,000 lbs x 3 x 18
= 36,456 lbs
(3 x 13.5) + (12 x 6.5)

61
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 10

10 ft. Leg
Sling Loading = 15,375 lbs
Min. Sling Size = 1-1/2” (FD)
24,600 lbs x 12 x 10
= 15,375 lbs
(12 x 8) + (6 x 16)

20 ft. Leg
Sling Loading = 15,375 lbs
Min. Sling Size = 1-1/2” (FD)

24,600 lbs x 6 x 20 24,600 lbs

= 15,375 lbs
(6 x 16) + (12 x 8)

62
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 11

18 ft. Leg 2,761 lbs

Sling Loading =
EE1-903
Min. Sling Size =
EE2-902
5,000 lbs x 10 x 18
= 2,761 lbs
(10 x 17) + (6 x 26)

28 ft. Leg
Sling Loading = 2,577 lbs
Min. Sling Size = EE1-903
EE2-902
5,000 lbs x 6 x 28
= 2,577 lbs
(6 x 26) + (10 x 17)
63
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 12

Sling A Loading = 18,705 lbs

Sling B Loading = 18,705 lbs

65,000 lbs x 8 x 10
= 37,410 lbs
(8 x 8) + (6 x 12.5)
37, 410 lbs ÷ 2 Slings = 18,705 lbs

Sling C Loading = 44,892 lbs

65,000 lbs x 6 x 16
= 44,892 lbs
(6 x 12.5) + (8 x 8)

64
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Tension Workshop 12

Sling A Loading = 18,705 lbs

Sling B Loading = 18,705 lbs
Sling C Loading = 44,892 lbs

Minimum Sling A Size = 1”

Minimum Sling B Size = 1”
Minimum Sling C Size = 1-3/4”

65
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Field Application
LAF =
10

10”

66
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Field Application
17 1.7
LAF 10 =

17”

67
 Load Angle Factors (LAF)
Field Application
LAF 17 =1.7
10

17”
10”

68
 Pythagorean Theorem

With the Pythagorean Theorem

knowing two sides of a right
triangle makes it possible to
calculate the third side.
5
ft. 4
a² + b² = c² 4² + 3² = c² √25 = 5 ft.

c² - b² = a² 5² - 3² = a² √16 = 4
3
ft.

69
 Pythagorean Theorem
Pythagorean Workshop 1

8 14.6

13.97

70
 Pythagorean Theorem
Pythagorean Workshop 2
The approximate sling loading on the 10 ft. Sling
legs are: 13,300 lbs

5.24

71
 Pythagorean Theorem
Pythagorean Workshop 3
Determine the tension in the 12.75 ft. Leg. = 29,267 lbs
What is the length of the other sling 17.96’
leg?

Determine Height:

√ (12.752 – 62) = 11.25 ft 17.96’

Determine Length: H

√ (142 – 11.252) = 17.96 ft

72
 Advantage / Disadvantage
Standard Wire Rope Slings
Advantage Disadvantage Solutions

Durable Kink Easy……. Softeners /

Cheap to purchase Expensive to use Multi-part
Easy to inspect Not repairable
Heat resistant Heavy
Limited stretch Catastrophic
failure

73
 Advantage / Disadvantage
Multi-part Wire Rope Slings
Advantage Disadvantage

Durable Large slings expensive to use.

Heat resistant Not repairable
Less kinking Heavy
Flexible Catastrophic failure
Limited stretch
Less storage space

74
 Advantage / Disadvantage
Alloy Chain Slings
Advantage Disadvantage
Durable Expensive to purchase
High heat resistant Expensive to use
Repairable Time consuming to inspect
Easy to store Heavy………………………….
Flexible Catastrophic failure
Adj. legs available
Solutions

Use higher grade

chain
Lighter chain with
higher
capacity.

75
 Advantage / Disadvantage
Synthetic Web Slings
Advantage Disadvantage
Cheap to purchase Not safely repaired
Easy to inspect Cut easily………………
Lightweight Excessive stretch
Flexible Damage easily
Easy to store Limited Capacities
Non-conductive (clean/dry) Catastrophic failure

Solutions
Softeners / wear
protection

76
 Advantage / Disadvantage
Single-Path Poly Round Slings
Advantage Disadvantage
Cheap to purchase Not safely repaired
Easy to inspect Can have hidden damage
Lightweight Cut easily…………………..
Flexible Stretch
Easy to store Large slings bulky/heavy
Core yarn protected Limited Capacities
Non-conductive (clean/dry)

Solutions
Softeners

77
 Advantage / Disadvantage
Twin-Path® HPF Round Slings
Advantage Disadvantage
Easy to inspect Cuts………
Easy inspection features
Red inner covers
Lightest weight
Flexible
Easy to store
Inexpensive to use
Redundant safety design Solutions
Low stretch
Repairable
Softeners
High capacity range
Non-conductive (clean/dry)

78
 Estimating Load Weights

Square Feet (Area): 1 square foot of

steel, one inch thick weighs approximately 40
lbs.

4’ x 8’ = 32 sq. ft.

32 x 40 lbs. = 1,280 lbs

79
 Estimating Load Weights
The weights of fabricated steel, such as angle
iron, can be estimated the same way.

3”

6” 9”

 To convert inches to the decimal equivalent of

feet, divide the number of inches by 12.
Example: 9 ÷ 12 = 0.75

80
 Estimating Load Weights
The formula to find the area of a disk is:
(π)r² (π = 3.14; r = radius)

Radius
10’ Disk - Radius = 5’
5 ft.

5 x 5 x 3.14 = 78.5 sq. ft.

81
 Estimating Load Weights
The approximate area of a disk can be found
by multiplying the diameter x diameter x 80% (D2 x 0.80).

If a 10 ft. diameter disk is

cut 10’ x 10’ x .80 =
from a 10 ft. square steel
plate the disk would 80 Sq. Ft
equal approximately
80% of the total area of
the plate

82
 Estimating Load Weights
The circumference is found by multiplying
the diameter by π.

2’ 6.28’
_______

83
 Estimating Load Weights
Volume is calculated by multiplying the Height x
Width x Length (HWL = Cu. Ft.)

5 ft. 30,000 lbs 4 ft.

10 ft.

A reinforced concrete block measuring 4’ x 5’ x 10’ =

200 Cu. Ft.

84
 Estimating Load Weights
Workshop 1

Stack of lumber weighs approximately 11,904 lbs

3 x 4 x 16 = 192 cu ft
192 x 62 = 11,904 lbs

85
 Estimating Load Weights
Workshop 2
The steel pipe weighs approximately 4,945 lbs

3 x 3.14 = 9.42
9.42 x 21 = 197.82 sq ft
197.82 x 25 = 4,945.5 lbs

86
 Estimating Load Weights
Workshop 3
The steel I-beam weighs approximately 27,720 lbs
(26,460 lbs)
3 x 21 x 2 x 120 = 15,120
4.5 x 21 x 120 = 11,340
(26,460 lbs)

3 x 21 x 2 x 120 = 15,120
5 x 21 x 120 = 12,600
27,720 lbs

87
 Estimating Load Weights
Workshop 4

This iron casting weighs approximately: 32,400 lbs

2 x 6 x 8 – (1 x 1 x 8 x 3) =
72 Cu. Ft.
88 72 x 450 = 32,400 lbs
 Estimating Load Weights
Workshop 5
Steel I-beams weigh approximately 17,500 lbs
1 x 40 x 2 x 25 = 2,000
1.5 x 40 x 25 = 1,500
3,500 x 5 = 17,500 lbs

89
 Estimating Load Weights
Workshop 6
Fuel tank with contents weighs approximately 5,104 lbs
Diesel: 3 x 4 x 8 x .75 x 52 = 3,744 Tank: 3 x 8 x 2 x 10 = 480
4 x 8 x 2 x 10 = 640
3 x 4 x 2 x 10 = 240
1,360

3,744
+ 1,360
5,104 lbs

90
 Estimating Load Weights
Workshop 7
The reinforced concrete cover block weighs approximately:
21,600 lbs

2 x 3 x 12 x 2 x 150 = 21,600
91
 Weight Estimation & LAF
Workshop
The reinforced concrete pre-cast weighs 9,900 lbs
What is the tension in each leg of the lift?

4’ legs = 4,030 lbs ea. 6’ leg = 4,838 lbs

92
 Rigging Workshop
Design the rigging to lift vessel.

Lifting points may be welded to the load for the lift, then
removed after placement.
Single or multiple crane lift?
Sling type and capacity?
Sling length?
Rigging Hardware and other lifting devices.

93
 Rigging Workshop

94
 Crane Hand Signals
Personnel acting as signalers during crane
operations shall be clearly identified to the crane
operator.
 When the crane operator cannot see the signaler, a
2nd person shall be stationed where he/she can see
both the signaler and crane operator, and relay the
signals.
 The relay signaler shall also be clearly identified.
 When using voice communication, the signaler shall
be clearly identified and shall communicate directly
with the operator, not through a third person.

95
 Crane Hand Signals
Standard crane hand signals adopted by the
ANSI standard are to be used.
 If signals are deemed impractical for the specific
job, other hand signals can be agreed upon by
the operator and signaler before proceeding with
work.
 The operator shall only respond to signals from
the designated signaler. However, an emergency
stop signal shall be obeyed regardless who gives
it.

96
 N
1._______ F
2._______ B
3._______ G
4._______

E
5._______ A
6._______ Q
7._______ H
8._______

L
9._______ C
10._______ J
11._______ R
12._______

D
13._______ M
14._______ O
15._______ K
16._______

I
17._______ P
18._______
97
 C F A

I G B

E H D

99
 Rigging Practices
Slings shall be connected, only by methods
approved by the sling manufacturer or a
qualified person.

100
 Rigging Practices
 Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by
knotting or twisting.

GOOD

101
 Rigging Practices
 Slings shall not be shortened or lengthened by
knotting or twisting.

102
 Rigging Practices
All slings should be protected from sharp edges!

103
 Rigging Practices
Slings shall be hitched in a manner that will
provide control of the load.
 Edges should be padded to prevent contact
with the sling.

104
 Rigging Practices
Shock and dynamic loading should be avoided.

105
 Rigging Practices
 Loads should not be set on slings or hardware
trapping them between the load and blocking
or ground.
Slings should not be pulled from under a load
when it is resting on it.

106 Slingmax®, Inc.

 Rigging Practices

During lifting, with our without a load, personnel

shall be alert for possible snagging.

 In a basket hitch the load should be balanced

to prevent slippage.

107
 Rigging Practices

108
 Rigging Practices
When using a basket hitch, the sling should
contain or support the load from the sides or above
the center of gravity.

 Slings should not be dragged

on the floor or over an abrasive
surface.

109
 Rigging Practices

In a choker hitch, the choke point should not be

on the splice or fitting.

110
 Rigging Practices
Slings should not be constricted, bunched, or
pinched by the load, hook or any fitting.

111
 Rigging Practices

The load should be

applied to the base of
the hook to prevent
point loading.
GOOD
Base
of
hook

112
 Rigging Practices

The load should be

applied to the base of
the hook to prevent
point loading.

Base
of
hook

113
 Rigging Practices

The load should be

applied to the base of
the hook to prevent
point loading.

114
 Rigging Practices
The hardware in the eye of a web sling should be
no wider than 1/3 the sling’s eye length. Wire rope
slings 1/2 the eyes length.

GOOD

6”
6”
2” 3 3/8”

115
 Rigging Practices

Sling and load shall not be allowed

to rotate when hand-tucked slings are
used in a single leg vertical hitch.

 Slings made with wire rope clips shall

not be used in choker hitches.

116
 Rigging Practices
The rated load of slings or hardware shall not
be exceeded.

 Avoid wrapping a sling

around a hook.

117
 Rigging Practices
Avoid bending sling fittings and hardware
around corners.

 Keep hands away from pinch points when

slack is being taken up in the rigging.

118
 Rigging Practices
Secure unused legs of multi-leg bridle slings.

GOOD

119
 Rigging Practices
 Do not drive the bite of the choker hitch down
once sling is under tension.

120
 Rigging Practices
Never work under a suspended loads.

 Never ride or allow others

to ride the load.

 Never make temporary repairs to a sling or

hardware.

121
 Rigging Practices
The hoist rope or chain should
never be wrapped around the
load and used as a sling.

 Brace unstable loads before

applying or removing rigging.

122
 Rigging Practices
Be sure lift point is over the center of gravity
of the load before lifting.

GOOD

123
 Rigging Practices

QUESTIONS
?
124