Wom = Nebhil Sains Bemch - Elecdrical Emssll.No. - 1020BELE032 Subjch - Elechemicy i ee Al Hh PQePeTayagyaatt At Feedback Amplilicr : > Th which Goma part 0b Oubput iy Comba oe da bmoun a Leedbock.Seuice Signal - Eeadhack Signal. Gain uaithout eed back C91 =e Jam wilh Eselback [hp] = Xo Fopud Signal = Xie © x. fr> te, Xe Kae 7X4 BY, Ap =A 7 Ve AB | Gam 44 seduced ® Gyoin at ony wilh tve Leubhack % XM rap hy “el Lek Fopud Sagal (Xi) = Ky +KE B=, Xe Sein withoul Ceadiach tag= Xe a gare with Leedback CPJ = x, Xs Ko Ap. ey? gy He 0 Fee - | ~ oa | on treuased + fordbach Webuosk- = terdback Sonal (vetz) Guat Sigal (Vour 7 = Relun “alo 7 = fe caie $ to ~ Ceedhach focker | i Aduondagt of -ve Pb.” tow. — Gust “+ (ou ese fea Thar = Ge = Fy U4 RR) Attia gn UCR Soe eee cee th ore 1388 : wade moe Lug 2 Lv [tpl tigcdince THAG NY sudgul fryaedonce > Distotin | a= 2 tpte Cugusrcy . RR “tipme crm — modily smpul 3 cudgut impedance. of ompliice tere te Signal do meine abn af te cunt oboe — Pee Undirandage of ve Bh 3 Hh: will ~eadieg e ths “gai sf amplidice¥ Some _paapusisy of we Cedlad :- © Gain Desonsibinaly:. Ae > te —a GH beth sh waa. de) = (fy, dhe ak ancl (Change a Catdodch amplidiee @ Gord widdhi “extension? Ao = Am 1+ Sfon “Aye Midd | gan Uy = Upper 28 Cacurey Pes = _ Rt» THORS) Fo = Pm Sin) 19[ Peti] fm stm 115.4 +B Aan (TFB) +S hun, Ayl9 = “Teoh Lu GBR | —D fist 16 RG)ee 1 Sita muiean = J inalie aT Ss Xs ee = Le ist} —— — FF amikat 45 Soviss mint Signal id valk » Series muinet ‘op @ shunt "mint ~ Tibke tepul impedence aor ~ sui Samples +- Vablage Somplea 6 Cuptend Semler W Noblage Somples :- = Sampler is teapensille foe chomge rm ardpud : Vasionee = te Shunt amis Signal & aunt . Samplot ~cepttsants the posallel Conne FRE ER = BL will teduce the oudpud impr oe fate’ Ss # = Soriv» Conneclion el = tts oudpud -eoislane a ahON AOPOABH PP? OF Need back 4. NS SA Sams TMT Bb Seuss Sein svt: "Soa ea Jype of 2 Shumd Shunk = 31 Senos -Shumt Tmrs pleem ee a — all Si 4. Sotios -Shumd (es. vat alos [vale Seis LoL linac Lou Rip a s Ni 4 BVo - a = ve (Ae) = = $n cono6 tal LW] 2 ul Ripe Sle we hawe le Lind Ylvg u = ae oe id ode dnp ge Vee Vay = } ve <= to Ho culpud Lamina af = Shi exptimand, eae mwnt be dew: = Vie -% ce Ves Vo oe = BV enSith tans Pb Ry < Vi ° aM Th” Teste 7 Ta Av gue 7 (Ree), | Parsaltel b Tes ave Rig = Ni 4 PBs; Wea nd Ax Rn Rig eR oe eR mtn Ye aL ay dye os S Cyamtnd= Me @= BL tg Be Sle Uyna) NT Red Us Ie-Se ¥. oe i= 4s-@Vo eae = Ey = 1s Rm BI; [e- =| bans 1,4 8Rm) | 2s Rm =SEES AVEPVURttAs ” TAs) Qa alt Two Sage Commen emiblet cétcl 7 3 3 SMUSSESSUSVUVTATTTL TLE CELSanit mie, Te tom(Powe Sage 3 & Singh tndol ad pud Vo Fue BH her one aulput devminal (Binns, 6) Symbol :. Soeuil Fowcaling ‘ip Lerminal —] ve 3| a rer rrseshig ip bain he z 2 7 ioe ‘paul han Gud dobick wae The oe i al dan oo > ey ee feeioeea Bi Bad on sod sea oye BO ey x cot ie, oe te . Soluabion - Cunt —deowm by tie fie is neglergble The Hh. tupud Valdoge Vy lw ran — Aavetdang and werling so enionbial de ou“Weve i _ AN ee A Re ie A a i Bye ARR > A omglilae wha. auld. Signal an 2 8 ul ol hr ah dh ovo ive * eee San VeeLtn output drop :- ike tay —O Waa Ep AV Ry - ARE ae Ros Re eR UA) ©eee hanttol Simp Seat 3. 7p Bibbetowe omplitvat 1 Cowman Signal is opplid ab beth uy) Shad oat hi eae only tot ideal opamp Ls tH vo yp of lade “Nae Sout The ee a 1 Va? 850 ot [llama is lye . al bd Suapes a even thanugh He dil vey = Sosy beth Tires sees a dhe Cones ths Oubpat altage dopord mot only Le dibleoncr Signal (vay ab He Jopt bat Hh ayo abfecded by the owenpe Voltage of He inad Signal . Shed bb Colled —Commen meds Signal (Vem) Vom = Mir a fot dillerombial omplidise thsouyh th Citewh is Supmmebsic «Gul becaune of wid-meld Bu goin ot the owtput with expect to ave devminal cs Slightly dbs wr map cto thal of the mogebive i no Aut Jo mivmalching sf we opply tht Sem When beth dmpul vj ord V2 012 equal ro Veltoge we wll get dbo dilfeunt off. clibowndial omplidieeA+ AY, —O whe Ay, fl 9 Tae ny 2 Vablage Omplication 40 Vem = Vit oO Ma = avy —@ Me Nem +5 -@ = Vem vy —® oat ptle-witi Ne = i [Vem +h} + a Ver -4ya) Nem M+ a) | LM (RiP) ve Pam Na +R + Na + Rem Ven *Aom= HUR-Yha) Rem: Att 1m — Dibleumee mode Gers Fim ~* Common ™mede gain H CMR (Common rrode Rejechion Redis ) mea = (cmapjde = cody |.Ae) fe ae Re % EEUU LUDULVULULULULLTAU ate cece: CAR 4» alse dedined os tht obility ob the N Opamp to -tejet Lhe Commen ‘ede Signal . Wurv, y ML = 0 weve = eve ee 1 Ey Cee GoV, Ho = 3IVy, Vue boo y wo Hae AVE MVE Comprasion blw et. od @ A= -a0, A= Mee = 90.099 wor cmeaeg . | Ra altel @ = ]4L-a0- 90.098) _ $0.08 TO} 8 = reas 90490-0993, G2 90958 Voz S112 vy - $0) Tor =o OYe thers <1, Mea Ye ye Ro peer ge | Ne eve q (HEME Re Re= Ro= RE Vo= = (Waits Miva) Viena Nucvs te en 8 3Vy = VW tVntVe —O Bvu = + —D fm a. on © (ey -<| trdepale 1 piadu ee Ml La nena eis Od Pdilbewnhiales 44 producer & Conlon! tulpat Wllye Hoe o shady ng Wo heL Wy te foMelb wore ty Comerenly ard vith otley Of-amp Ciuils Such o» 0 speak dee . beondntldh, imiled mpm eee Pardue 0 Oe oudped Voltage Milne — “Te fd oe uly 3 Used de Cale a ee lea ge Be angel 2 ot W Vin7o W Vin co CUEET TT TTT TTA TATA EESVin 70 2D, ore aN Boe 1 ‘ osen/ * { to Vin eo 3.-orr om we i cr Slav tale indicales haw quick 12 the apemp de eespend de Us Sudden charges £0 Ha pul Resomaters o> aq lime intowal of 121 see $a, = A¥e Bin, avi ae 3 = [Rel Bim Ve Te mar Operating sul” signal buy bal eee eee pene io given by aoo Srey = SB. ag com Ke Ven [Ral west 1 Teal Vn § © Srey Op (midiadotded so 57 Smar Olp distorted LM trad Fan, “ae SA. = 0-5V/ user To we ; ; [Ne =-0.48 | woz |" Role 20s. pet s es, Wuls as . nor zw r10°F 1 & Vel : : vin, sa Mn Ty envi Var = nv; n 32% | a.04) nto ceed / see =ti Divisen Coreuct ot) Sue Ceca © Sguut~-t Ciecu int Aplin don Sint dmg, co ovesbing 1 ag ond Akg Wronhactling a Compare. ‘ lone 1 aslo comeuac BS ddee Subdnclo, | 40h Comet 15 Buciven Radiawt Gomerdon V Conneston 36-9Vy = (Vee) fo Ve —taNaedt 19Vy = 36 = Ide, Vo Ganioo aa vent Tort Let). ~ LF Uo bores! Rode “1ov1? (Y6 [-Gmind H108) isPee SS leniecuone Ves Grlood - Lo _ ed we sbasp Nin lo oe ad . Ven “muct b x Jw oe - [ To ey ae shat cath es {TS a Vin= “$0 wa 2 Vol oe | - fave Te hep LED abwoy Om, Vim Tl law Ve Frvehing & ular = Grider dhe Core when beth box B, and B, Ge gained Sagether ond Corrected do Hs Vellaye Mem Called oy Cemanen ‘made \ellags . As Jromiske @. 0nd a, ate walthed amd dt te ta Syrmely of Le cincud Lhe Custend Ly divides equally Lasugh @, ord Oy The Caleclee Curent Le, and tc, Ahssugh “wercalarce Bo iy equal do Lt when Ake Callader Curent Blow according to tu Callechey Volbage Ver = Ve = Xe Re 2 Ve Se dhewhee — diblewme bly duo Caller VoUlages bd tee. WeMy = Vem ale ee estas Eo Tye t= te a > Even if La Valus ef Vem 28 Change the Vallage cictass he Callechoe wil) rol change Se ue Com Say olde dibkenendialRe Seen te tv, Maro — @, ore @.— on The endiwe senpacd Cuttend Tg Achips tke Linas Gs. Se athe Colacton Vlg Vv, io ond Vou. wn Me ake te ns ay io ay en Vere Vee“ 20 Ths dillewrdial pase spond only cr Me allen 1 opete ‘avede Sigal om eyacls —Cemmen ‘rede ‘Synals, vav [lg | Se he Danaler chasaclersbie + ; Tye a Tge yy —o Ave Iq = dipe*v, ——a, fe Gonas Bor Cer, ahem elope Vaso ond ¥=tv Gh tte lumaistes ase sn eased deve made So the ae se thal Sampo! Catsond Ty Tey _ qlVon-Me/v, —aiiy Qa= OFF Coes Te Clow act» tv ©, Stour Lhe O\~on Vola ¢ Sep al Lhe am amides wil be oay. Tho wil =v, Noe, -Vae, V1 = 0 make —emibler- bose gunchion ol Ltonsiater “y, , Nos Ver, = Vira = Ms O “overs bios. The the Os till oft Then the Collector Vollage Voy ond Vor 3 To= Tat In Nov = Veo mab Ze sa, Ta Vou Veo a Te~ Ja fy pS] ty abeIe Tae- i wn Ta eh sinbied “fad fe wake MJ We 2 UV Cx twomey [et Va UV Ty 28s | Tyee fin ye W Cavs@ he ag > Ye vom} Saaeigg 5 at tg : ahve Mudd Ay sadikiny — 5 data—_ fay oni. — he gt ie ditttin rast Aad gy tung Condit — Ea i> Lay = gan 5 ity total “poe ait fale uct —Aanny re — Baker toe\ r Ee e F Se ompdidying stage ond Re mel Cercaded Go ble Leedbach Cétcuil. Ty OP-omp Yo Used i dy spwething mode. Thetcdot ony Spal appears ab de trotibing dleuninol © Shidled by tee gl hy udpudl And erat Phase SAM a OSeidtalion 4, Howided by pea ee ee awurd a¢o eo a ETAT HS ESTETEEREEL ESTER AB Some Specilic Riog. when the phase all of Le Cscaded 0c rekwok si eraclly Mir and gem of Hy mp.» subliconbly diye Le Cite Lill oscillate of Law Ala 4s cabled O6Walien Ley ond Ahi Condibien 5 Caled occillalion Cond Cay (R+&}a, -at, = Vi HRT, + (HL) a, -g Ty -Rrya (Ret, = 0By Commer tuk Ne= RTs = _ Wwe cise [me -R © \fn) VHS RCS + CRICESY BIC eee ice | fas | : everey ° =a ey, || 7 @- uw 2 RS 7 K ere osrcre ct “3 a Seéw, Ste wt | ge twa ei % & ME | F Raley RAMs @ = iw R2C9 Ve =e ane te] THSRe (iu - RCT TRUS 191 a 1 F VSR FERESTIOR? = _ — Se ve 6 4 Trew 7 WG” TBS Is » [ek -8 vi , a4 Suppate a. ]-2 meg 0 jae he Le o-e eS — 1 lai- vee? \+iQ sat ¢ina 1 gt - 1 a VRS 8 “Tye Ress ERIC! —@ Se 40)> Is 1 vet Sat ET LE) > Thy CL Con perduo 0 S40 - Sodan teevebuin of dup re - Abe gars 29 and délel phow shill i enocly ctend aw roy. TIM Gecuil is Simpl de design 3 com Prods Ay ould al oudis ee * (Sia teil trctoum Bred Leg OScialdday Bacdvomtage 7H ~ 4 changing the Valve of Ronde The Stclisn tal be Chee. Sinullorae fe Satialy er ccliakign Condilion bul tay 4% pralially » 3& > ’ Lt wt i - er oe a 7a en —_~/ Lote Ai Bo works om principle of mull Condition i Wk, Dol ss the prada off opposite cums ou : ran Be NE 2x (Hitter lait) Q : ae gg eee non uabiy acne Ri . Rei, : a-¥ s > Leta a 2 RRL AR Rey HERR + Recher FERIA R : when i CRRA Rite + Rates Oley de Rake a: Rr Rah AR TG ER Key FE (BM «Hehe )or. o BH Jo Navablr Pug ord cudie ag. Osciblaye > grander Leg. Sted chilly dus to prowsien RR, = Xe Xe Wen bridge RRa - kaka ao 4 Tak Cuil :- a u anTRRCG RieBak | Getrec = ge Rk! PAR tye Xe n= Yes te =k XY =0 a. oo 4 + Ree a \pua) aia > Fudback nelioek (m3ete Apebcaluon:- ; Kat + ks=0 > total Oscillader ciscusl, sn Super uy rita sto og “wceive, +The a coud as asd toe dena Heim vy toc Telsiwe o i wht 2 ea Aa” occia' . [ same | “ws ang 18ty & = Gulhy ond tyne dr da De -etponnd ob ive duchy f= ad Iz Se> Neu Lig, 0b Orcillabion con be Wows by he Veuping Value of induced 7 4 Neuiahll Lup. Lyet ond -tadis tug, Oscibladon epee pal Oscullales 7 Cypstal osciblaler Circuit pinduen Sir vuave ‘Wh ted ond cleble Lay, 7 Thee Gcillatenr cu ued sn ea -torkis Loony. Ment ON ew section Chak Spal Geretador. * Pe oe dala, 7 The puinciale is" Rigo - elecdaie edly » 7 Te & Creu of uals Crystal J Connicd OF Aductoe (1s) 7 Copaciley'(ce Grd Re. Tey Cums 0b elements of Seuits -teroond“eerand CiAuid ond oso determi! thy icon Eig.) of De Crystal Th tee. of Osciliadion Producy by He Ciystal deponcs on My Dimension of thy Crystal Cb Wy dae Cadting af Cystal., CIV Mounting Desition of bry de lates? 107 Cytol bly Quality Lockie He Vey high of Cuystal ose; 7 Ose’, Uaes Op-ompe 2d Redback ‘nel Te auch nabeoh Cod thee Capacitor ond ime Cfuaite Crystal Se dhe Series Oscilladion frog. (8) . fw = te > Te Fraalle = arte,“ Cea = Gon oer JF Slabulily is mew > (Cetllends tag Stabiledy ) = Radio Cup, OSciladon td do a Bad = tee eilale Leach Hou mo puovitvin cto 'obts Ws let. 0S OscibadionTim. Fm Leonie = do genenle ble cutie " ae fe, Am ond Em a He-Se5 54m depining of Hime ‘CK by Ung De-sss Lt Colpitdis OScilladow. fee Cie eoeue, Cae OSU, Le lpomy able Groat =o +e Multi Nubsatocs & wavefoum genabot :- we Bud sop dine 2 dompersdue Vthtedion 0 Lbs elon Values of ofp Vabloge nll Rad bach use oe prabical cus. ib may mal be aor euactly ep ty unity de a long becoue of thy Vabies Sxpply Male geile, Brom Unily 2 Cheorem This aloo gives om clr Wowrebowm Wirtually di Combinuous at bbe Comparision Vallage. The chr enhibils He Phemominam Called huystersis 04 bacdlash Ven ———f Vout R wr am Vor — Upper Dheshold Voltage E> Vouk. Vir ~ ower “thueshold Voltage ~ (Wor Nir) = hyslensds width SE Nd oo Mon A ma Nor = Re 7Vor = Mir aR Rak. wat VsodOguse Wave guntaator (Atable mull vebsado) A Simple Squne Op-omp quer Lene geneudes Ase called Lue ming Oscillados . Tu Athciph oe Gite Vewre Cudpul bo suppered do Couo whe aadable mulli- Vibiolor th dlr Stabe ox Wozy able (tempeiy Sable) sale WU Vez 4M | Vege 48M & wpe > Suppase The Copaciber lark choiping dhaough eerisdone @ yy Copacther Condi. Jo heuge und HA quad, ecards Veal = 1% when tly Valdage cys, Lhe Capacitor s+ fod yoal be Vast ty ole changes tepmy = -_ - — — —_ gh Ord Necch = OV sal. Loweids +Vsup Wiad de -Vsel- So, whem Ve 7 Vash.» Ye~ “Vuh Ths cupacidee chayss rote Apunesds -ve Unb gud ercaed) ~BVsat , He olf wa Swilih Wout dy tags. Ths yale wl ~reped The Greg, to delevmined by £4 dime it dahes by He Capacitor da chuige fom - Biggs to +8 Vay 3 Vice Versa|e 4 Ne = Vp aleve 7 Vee Be Ve = 48a) = Mead + Ces hg) e Bat > Mad ~Viau ieee tee Bar = Vad -Vsad (190) 07 B= tuyere ce 2) a zl 4 . 1a [:- esusif 40 ms am 8) Feb T Og Jane Stable Mulls Vibtator k “en ee ee 2 fd auld pe depend on be aie 1a 0, clatmps Lhe Capacitor’ Valloge to 7 ee tahim oply iu “wt gong ules of magneliV, ee Slbeonciale Ru yond 9, produces bh ve % sy dggnng a a eel Be oor —Roeshig it& > Meum Vv aN te dle ¥, k= OF Vale gut Hove Iaggeng Ht map sopping sane evga thd dy elbedi ye ee ae Pow te) cos] > Th fie pal be sie id rd copia Stouts Jy chase expdemdially ty —Voes Aheough dhe —erirsdnce p When dhe Ve adi become omote bijhtly hou megadive The Qulgul of Op-omp Suilehed bach ce De Over. tg: = Sec are eee eee x We Vp ae Weeden Re MizVa Vee *Vsah aT Vez Me = =Vaas + (Vp tig le” cook deT NS Oye TH HBVsg = = Vet # Wot Vase Te Re om (te) Te ‘Dish vb teal Veab “ ~ ot mame Stable” apeurbion hy digger puke wills (iy ao rat soos 9 Shall dot dln : fea) > The died D, to Ward do amid the. mall Umchioning by blacking he +e mit Spcbes Hel may be prcsond of detleundial Lupget 7 The Copter Velde Ye cache, JiR toe) Wob d ond el By 3 guar then, Thowhs iL id eptential 0 eeesvery hima B'=T he blew de escape behore mont rigors Signal opplied> thin Vel = ved. He ‘Oudpad of tdegaler Ay wil The Ore m+ of ty ae es aa Of ee ea ee ~ thin Volz = Vaal Ole of Adbegenter fa en ve Ae diteclion. MM dedy the Voldage of pork becomes fur! abewe Bap Uald Trdbe Suubching Hs Olp of Op-omp Ay, Veal de 4 Vsod + Ths Cycle Will Combined. Generale — dalengules wore: ' vee Nd 7 Ghate) — B aR Vary} oe Sel) = Vetta = 28 PPtampy 2 Ved e (tak to Peak » & vee nk ues ah Veer = ecw a 2 i Nanny = ye Mia! FE)27 am a ed 7 B He m| fel ela ~] Blo ae mo Vice Conaiat Gf tie Compaselyer Ad A, On! Hal deuives set d tase evmina, ot He Uip-Lip. which contin on ore cycle of dischage LAweainioe @).° Te Comparator Voltage On biud oh Ney, foe Composter Ai ond Yee tae Compsceton My. The ~ehsanct ably On, ~ audpul change ‘sn lip’ Uap) * we Om dhe obhet ord, when cy Vall P . aed A alae ni 7 Chosging dims :-(Te) Metab Made Crias wee Ratha de pe Me, 3 Neu 2 Vg tty yo ev L = Nae (Sgva) ee a be te + Me = ves (ME) ev %As chaugng din « - eedeh a= Rgc 4 Wee 2 Vas = Ves veneree Vs Wee 9 New fee wu. Me [Tp = 0.693 Rac ee = O.683(RaARe)c + 0-684Rac yuu (Ra¥28)-c 1 £ Jue (Ra49Ao ic eee Talal Line 0. 653 (RatRo)€ oe 0.693 (Ry 42%6¢ ov = Vab @ The Ole uy Salualed af tis W 4h Vabs 0s dan find all CAN Nay cod ofp Sudh blu ova +hvNabe ayte Re A Vp Uvr=vg) eM Vat Morey les ot Nes Veta erAltey 0 haying Nota = Deo 3 Wee Ve. Le MY) Falling Compaen! Values uau) 1 atable Co O1MF, R= SRR, RyclKA, Rissonn bounded , AMiod = tov, -Vid = sy _ we? Ib 4 ragirg Jims y= Vp a (yeevg)ertlee “Mee Miah | Wis = Bink, oc Ve =, Vial, lVsus4 @V5u, Je ok ded) Sass vga, Si2Re sm (& +B Veda Vedi -BV sd, ho] A Slade amubbt- Uibiabee iy high Bot Stable Ty =box of the doled Lime Quid Tob the audpal teavedot Yo tes Yor, culpa Cg, fs ante . Calcsdade DW Rad Re sh ce oolur Te os me