Answers to RSPL/2

1. (c) (i) and (iv)

2. (a) Blue green algae and all green plants have autotrophic mode of nutrition.
3. (b) Right hand thumb rule
4. (c) 55°, 55°
5. (d) In test tube D. Copper is more reactive than silver, so it displaces silver from
its salt solution whereas all other metals are more reactive than Cu.
6. (c) Magnetic field is limited to and more at the center of bar magnet.
7. (c) variable resistance
8. (b)
9. (c) (ii) and (iv)
10. (d) ∠A > ∠B but ∠A = ∠C
∠a = Incidence angle
∠b = Refracted angle
∠c = Emergent angle
Since, incident ray is passing from a rarer to denser medium, incident angle
is more than refracted angle. Angle of incidence is always equal to angle of
emergence.
11. (b) Newspaper, leather, used clothes
12. Both (a) and (c)
[Note: Full marks to be awarded even if either of the options is given by the
student.]
13. (c) (II) and (IV)
(I) is Waxy cuticle
(II) is Upper epidermis
(III) is Air space
(IV) is Lower epidermic
Lower epidermis contains more stomata than upper epidermis.
14. (b)
15. (a) heredity
16. (d) 4. Methane is the simplest hydrocarbon and it contains 4 bonds.

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 17. (b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
18. (d) A is false but R is true.
19. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
20. (c) A is true but R is false.
21. (a) Uterus.
(b) Ovary. Ovary not only produces ovum but also produces the female hormone
estrogen. This hormone is responsible for all the changes taking place in a
girl during puberty.
22. molecular formula of ethyne is C2H2.
Electron dot structure of ethyne

H C C H or H—C C—H

23. (a) Spirogyra

(b) Human beings cannot reproduce by fragmentation as they are complex multi-
cellular organisms. We know multicellular organisms are not simply a random
collection of cells.
Specialised cells are organised as tissues and tissues to organs. These organs
have to be placed at definite positions in the body. In such a carefully organised
situation cell by cell division is not practical. So human beings reproduce by
sexual mode of reproduction.
24. The magnetic field produced by a bar magnet is similar to the magnet field
produced by a solenoid. However, the strength of the magnetic field produced
by a bar magnet is fixed whereas the strength of magnetic field produced by a
solenoid depends on the electric current that is passed through it.
OR
The rule by which we can find the direction of magnetic field in the given figure
is Fleming’s Left Hand Thumb rule.
Field

Force

Current

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 According to this rule stretch the thumb, forefinger and middle finger of your left
hand such that they are mutually perpendicular.

Field
Current

n
Motio

25. Trait ‘B’ which exists in 75% of the population is likely to have arisen earlier than
trait ‘A’ which only exists in 10% of the same population. In asexual reproduction
identical copies of DNA are produced and variations do not occur. New traits
come in population due to sudden mutation and then are inherited. 75% of the
population with trait ‘B’ have been replicating that trait for a longer period than
10% of population with trait ‘A’.
26. (a) H+ ions do not exist independently in nature. They exist as hydronium ions
or H+ ions aqueous i.e. H+(aq).
H+ + H2O → H3O+
(b) If H+ ion concentration is more, pH will be less because pH of a solution is
inversely proportional to H+ ions concentration.
1 M NaOH solution has more pH value.
OR
(a) (i) pH can be increased by adding alkali to the solution.
(ii) pH can be decreased by adding acid to the solution.
(b) Baking powder is a mixture of baking soda (NaHCO3) and a mild edible acid
like tartaric acid.
If only baking soda is used in making cake, then sodium carbonate is formed
on heating which will give a bitter taste to cake.
27. (a) Improper waste disposal can cause air, water and soil pollution. It can also
cause harmful impact on all the living organisms.
(b) Role of decomposers
– Decomposers break down the complex organic substances into simple
inorganic substances that go into the soil and are used up by the plant.
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 – Decomposers increase the fertility of the soil.
– Decomposers cleanse the area
– Decomposers help in recycling of matter.
28. (a) Brown gas X–Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)
Type of reaction–Thermal decomposition reaction.
Heat
(b) 2 Cu (NO3)2 → 2 CuO + O2 + 4 NO2
(c) If nitrogen dioxide is dissolved in water, an acidic solution will be formed.
The aqueous solution of gas is acidic so its pH range would be in between 0
to 7.
29. Leaves lose water in the form of water vapours which get condensed on the
inner surface of the sheath. The phenomenon of transpiration is involved here.
Loss of water in the form of water vapour from the aerial parts of plant is called
transpiration.

Importance of transpiration
– Transpiration helps in the absorption and upward movement of water and
minerals dissolved in it from roots to leaves.
– It also helps in temperature regulation.
OR
Break down of glucose by various pathways
(b) Absence
of oxygen
Ethanol + Carbon dioxide + Energy
(in yeast) (2-carbon
molecule)
In
cytoplasm (c) Lack of oxygen
Glucose Pyruvate Lactic acid + Energy
(6-carobn (3-carbon (in our (3-carbon
molecule) molecule) muscle cells) molecule)
+
(a) Presence of
Energy
oxygen
Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
(in mitochondria)

30. (a) Between A and B

The resistors R1, R2 and R3 are in series.
\ RS = R1 + R2 + R3
= 5 + 5 + 5 = 15 W

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 Now RS and R4 are in parallel
1 1 1
= +
RP RS R4
1 1 2+ 6 8
= + = =
15 5 30 30
30
RP = = 3.75 W
8
Thus equivalent resistance between A and B is 3.75 W
(b) Between C and D
R5 = 5 W, R6 = 5 W, RP = 3.75 W are in series
RS = RP + R5 + R6
= 3.75 + 5 + 5 = 13.75 W
13.75 W is the equivalent resistance between C and D.
31. (a) (i) Alkane – Butane (C4H10)
(ii) Alkene – Butene ( C4H8) and Alkyne – Butyne (C4H6)
(b) (i) Methanol – CH3OH
(ii) Methanal – HCHO
(iii) Methanoic acid – HCOOH
OR
(a) Catenation and tetravalency
(b) Elements A, B and D can form covalent compounds or bonds with carbon as
they are non-metals where as element C is a metal, will not be able to form
covalent compound or bond with carbon.

A
A
(i) A C A   or A— C —A
A
A

(ii) B C B   or O==C==O

32. (a) Variations are created in a species in response to changes in the environment.
Variations enable a species to cope with new changes so the variations help
a species to survive.

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 (b) It is possible that a trait is inherited but not expressed. This is clearly seen
in Mendle’s monohybrid cross. When pure tall pea plants are crossed with
pure dwarf pea plants, only tall plants are obtained in F1 generation. When
tall plants of F1 generation are self pollinated, both tall and dwarf plants
are obtained in F2 generation in the ratio of 3 : 1. Reappearance of dwarf
plants in F2 generation indicates that dwarf trait was hidden in F1 generation
as dwarf trait is a recessive trait. Tallness is a dominant trait and appears
75% in F2 generation and plants were 100% tall in F1 generation. It means
recessive trait does not get itself express in F1 generation but reappears in F2
generation.

33. (a) B region has a stronger magnetic field as the magnetic field lines are closer
than other region. We know the relative strength of the magnetic field is
shown by the degree of closeness of magnetic field lines.
(b) At every point of a current carrying circular loop, the concentric circles
representing the magnetic field around it would become larger and larger as we
move away from the wire. By the time, we reach at the centre of the circular
loop, the arcs of these big circles would appear as straight lines. Every point
on the wire carrying current would give rise to the magnetic field appearing
as straight lines at the centre of the loop. By applying the right hand rule,
it is easy to check that every section of the wire contributes to the magnetic
field lines in the same direction within the loop.

N S

–
+

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 34. (a) (i) Colour of sky – 5 (Blue)
(ii) Colour of gold metal – 3 (yellow)
(iii) Colour of brinjal – 7 (Violet)
(iv) Colour of danger signal – 1 (Red)
(b) A glass slab acts as a combination of two identical glass prisms. The second
prism is placed in an inverted position with respect to the first prism. This
allows all the colours of spectrum to pass through the second prism and a
beam of white light emerges from the other side of the second prism.
P2 Screen
A

ht
R e lig
R R Whit
te light
Whi V
V V

P1 A′

OR
(a) The ability of eye lens to adjust its focal length is called power of accomodation.
The maximum accomodation of a normal eye is reached when the object is at
a distance of 25 cm from the eyes. However, the focal length of the eye lens
cannot be decreased below a certain limit. Thus, the normal eye is unable to
focus an object placed within 15 cm from the eye.
(b)
Retina (D)

Pupil (C)

Iris (A)

Lens (B)

Human eye

35. (a) Menstruation occurs in human females only when the egg is not fertilized
by the male sperm. Since the egg is not fertilized, the thick and soft uterus
lining which is not required disintegrates. As the uterus lining contains a lot
of blood vessels, when it sheds, a lot of blood along with other tissues come
out of the vagina in the form of bleeding.

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 (b) Differences between a gamete and zygote
Gamete Zygote
– Germ cell that take part in – It is a product of fertilization
fertilization
– There are two types of gametes. – It is only one type
– It has haploid number of – It has diploid number of
chromosomes chromosomes
– Last cell of its generation – First cell of new generation
– It carries characteristics of only – It carries characteristics of both
one parent. parents.
(c) The reasons for adopting contraceptive methods are—
– protection from sexually transmitted diseases.
– restricting the number of children.
– maintaining sufficient gap between successive births.
– enjoying a good reproductive health.
– controlling population.
OR
(a) The period of adolescence when the reproductive organs become functional
is termed as puberty. It is the development of secondary sexual characters
both in males and females.
(b) A — Testis – produces sperms and secretes testosterone.
B — Vas deferens – carries the sperms to the seminal vesicles.
C — Seminal vesicle
D — Prostrate gland
The secretions of seminal vesicle and prostrate gland help in mobility and
nourishment of sperms.
E — Penis — Ejaculation of sperms for the purpose of reproduction.
36. (a) Aluminium has greater affinity for oxygen than for carbon. So carbon cannot
reduce aluminium oxide to aluminium.
(b) Aluminium easily combines with oxygen to form a layer of aluminium oxide.
This layer acts a protective layer and does not allow the metal underneath
to react further.

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 (c) M – Zinc, Zn
MS – Zinc sulphide, ZnS
(d) The carbonate ore of this metal is MCO3. Since this metal is zinc, its carbonate
ore is ZnCO3.
First the carbonate ore is enriched and the impurities are removed.
Calcination of carbonate ore: By heating, ZnCO3 gets converted to its oxide
Heat
ZnCO3(s) → ZnO(s) + CO2(g)
Zinc oxide is reduced with carbon to form zinc metal
ZnO(s) + C(s) → Zn(S) + CO (g)
37. (a) Monika would see shoot is growing upwards and away from the earth while
root grows towards the earth in the downward direction. This is due to shoots
are positively phototropic and negatively geotropic while roots are positively
geotropic in nature.
(b) This type of movement is growth related movement and is called tropism. The
movement in touch-me-not plant is not growth related and is called nastic
movement.
–  Tropism is slow but nastic movement is fast.
–  Tropism is permanent but nastic movement is temporary.
OR
(b) The various types of directional movements and stimuli are given below.
Stimulus Tropism
Water Hydrotropism
Light Phototropism
Chemical Chemotropism
Gravity Geotropism
38. (a) In the bright sunlight, iris causes the pupil to become smaller so that only a
small portion of light enters the eye. But when a person enters into a dimly
lighted room, iris takes some time to increase the diameter of the pupil, so
that more light can enter the eyes to see the object clearly and cells of retina
take some time to adjust themselves the get the picture of the object in the
dim light.
(b) The person is suffering from myopia/near sightedness.

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 (c) Presbyopia is a defect of vision in which the power of accommodation of
the eye decreases with age. For most of the people, the near point gradually
recedes and the far point comes closer.
Reasons of having presbyopia
It arises due to
–  gradual weakening of ciliary muscles
–  diminishing flexibility of the eye lens
The defect can be corrected by using bi-focal lens, where upper part of the
spectacles has concave lens and the lower part has convex lens.

Concave lens

Convex lens

OR
(c) The kind of defect Shruti is suffering from is myopia.
Focal length f = ?
1 1 1
P = ⇒f= = = – 0.285 m = – 28.5 cm
f P − 3.5
Shruti needs a concave lens of focal length 28.5 cm.
39. (a) The solutions of acids in water conduct electricity.
(b) The colour of the litmus solution extracted from the lichen plant is purple.
An acidic solution turns blue litmus red whereas a basic solution turns red
litmus blue.
(c) Two natural indicators are litmus solution and turmeric.
Curry contains turmeric which is an indicator. Turmeric turns reddish brown
in basic medium i.e. in the presence of soap solution. On washing with plenty
of water, reddish brown product is removed and yellow turmeric is left.
OR
(c) When it rains, the gases like carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and oxides of
nitrogen of the atmosphere dissolve in the rain water and form carbonic acid,
sulphurous or sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively. The pH of the rain
water falls below 7. When the pH of rain water falls below 5.6, it is called
acid rain. When this rain water flows into the river, the pH of river water
falls and the survival of the aquatic life becomes difficult.

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