Name: Malasaga, Grezel M.

Subject: ECE 313 Date: 10/2022

Course/Year & Section: BSEE-3B Instructor: Ma’am Gina L. Hanopol

Narrative Report Chapter 1

Introduction to Communication System and Noise Analysis

a. Communication System
- Communication is the process of exchanging information. Two of the main
barriers to human communication are language and distance. Human
communication took a dramatic leap forward in the late nineteenth century
when electricity was discovered and its many applications were explored. All
electronic communication systems have a transmitter, a communication
channel or medium, and a receiver. The process of communication begins
when a human being generates some kind of message, data, or other
intelligence that must be received by others. A message may also be generated
by a computer or electronic current. In electronic communication systems, the
message is referred to as information, or an intelligence signal. This message,
in the form of an electronic signal, is fed to the transmitter, which then
transmits the message over the communication channel. The message is
picked up by the receiver and relayed to another human. Along the way, noise
is added in the communication channel and in the receiver. Noise is the general
term applied to any phenomenon that degrades or interferes with the
transmitted information.
FIGURE 1.0
 Steps in Sending a Message
1. Transmitter
o is a collection of electronic components and circuits designed to
convert the electrical signal to a signal suitable for transmission over a
given communication medium.
2. Communication Channel
o is the medium by which the electronic signal is sent from one place to
another.
 Electrical Conductors
 Optical Media
 Free Space
 Other types of media
3. Receivers
o is a collection of electronic components and circuits that accepts the
transmitted message from the channel and converts it back to a form
understandable by humans.
4. Transceivers
o Most electronic communication is two-way, and so both parties must
have both a transmitter and a receiver. As a result, most
communication equipment incorporates circuits that both send and
receive.
5. Attenuation
o Signal attenuation, or degradation, is inevitable no matter what the
medium of transmission. Attenuation is proportional to the square of
the distance between the transmitter and receiver.
6. Noises
o it is the bane of all electronic communications. Its effect is experienced
in the receiver part of any communications system.
b. Types of Electronic Communications
1. Simplex
o The simplest way in which electronic communication is conducted is
one-way communications.
2. Full Duplex
o The bulk of electronic communication is two-way.
3. Half Duplex
o The form of two-way communication in which only one party transmits
at a time
4. Analog Signals
o The form of two-way communication in which only one party transmits
at a time. Voice and video voltages are analog signals that vary in
accordance with the sound or light variations that are analogous to the
information being transmitted.
 5. Digital Signals
o in contrast to analog signals, do not vary continuously, but change in
steps or in discrete increments. Most digital signals use binary or two-
state codes.
c. Electromagnetic Spectrum
o Electromagnetic waves are signals that oscillate; it fluctuate up and
down, and the polarity reverses a given number of times per second. It
is known to have a sinusoidal waves which results oscillation to very
low or high frequency. The range of electromagnetic signals
encompassing all frequencies is referred to as the electromagnetic
spectrum.
d. Bandwidth
o is that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum occupied by a signal.
e. Careers in the Communication Industry
o Jobs and careers in the communication industry in terms of electronics
is roughly divided into four major specializations: (a) communications
field; (b) computer field; (c) industrial control; and (d)
instrumentations field.
f. Modulation and Multiplexing
o Modulation and multiplexing are electronic techniques for transmitting
information efficiently from one place to another. Modulation makes
the information signal more compatible with the medium, and
multiplexing allows more than one signal to be transmitted
concurrently over a single medium. Modulation and multiplexing
techniques are basic to electronic communication.
g. Survey of Communications Applications
o The applications of electronic techniques to communication are so
common and pervasive that you are already familiar with most of them.
You use the telephone, listen to the radio, and watch TV. You also use
other forms of electronic communication, such as cellular telephones,
ham radios, CB and Family radios, home wireless networks for Internet
access, texting, electronic mail, and remote-control garage door
openers.
h. Information Capacity
o In electronic communication channels the information capacity is the
maximum amount of information that can pass through a channel
without error – it is a measure of channel “goodness.”
i. Information Theory
o Information theory is a mathematical approach to the study of coding
of information along with the quantification, storage, and
communication of information.
Short Description:
Based on the e-book and based on the internet, these were the ideas and answers that
I found. For me to have a better understanding of the topic, I researched and looked for the
definitions of the main topics, and with that, I will and am able to have prior knowledge
regarding the lessons.