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Place Value, Ordering and Rounding

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270 views6 pages

Place Value, Ordering and Rounding

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noradila che samsudin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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3.2 Multiplying and dividing by powars of 10 3.2 Multiplying and dividing by powers of 10 Look at this section ofthe decimal place-value table. inds|Hundreds| Tens Unis + | tenths hundredths] thousandth | 1000 100 The ula 100, ty can be written as powers of 10 wf eee) me de | The numbers + 0 adage cam also can be written as powers of 10 Lookat this pattern of numbers, written as powers of 10 Is there a link between the powers and the value? 000 = 10°, 100 = 10,10 = 10,1 =1 41 219 1000 = 10°, 100 = 107, 10 = 10', 1 = 1 * F000 10°, You should see that the decimal 0.1 can be written as ‘ ‘You can also see that the decimal 0.01 can be writtén or 107. ito ‘This pattern continues as the numbers get bigger and smaller For example, 10000 = 10° and yp hgy = 10°, 100000 = 10° and spghgy = 10°, 1s important to remeber thee wo ky points b is the same as dividing the same number b 10, 100, 1000, ® Dividing a number by is the same as multiplying the same number by 10, 100, 1000, (Worked example 3. Work these out. a 25x10) bazeso? —€ 3652 108d m5 = @ 10° = 1000 Start by writing 10° as 1000. 2.5 x 1000 Rewrite the multiplication as 2.5 x 1000. 500 Finally, work out the answer. Start by writing 107 as 35. Multiplying 12 by is the same as dividing i2 by 100. Finally, work out the answer. © 10'= 10000 Start by writing 10! as 10000. 365 + 10000 Rewrite the division as 365 + 10000. = 0.0365 : Finally, work out the answer. Se at art by Writing fir? as 4103-3 Start by writing 10° as zs. 0.45 = 450 Finally, work out the answer. 10? Tobg = 0-45 * 1000 Dividing 0.45 by pq is the same as multiplying 0.45 by 1000. BEBEBEVPEREEEREEUEEEE m™ comp H 4 Work these out. a =m i a 13x10? b 7.8x 10 c 24x10 d 8.55 x 10 Remember: { e 65x10, f 0.08x10° gg 17x10" h 8x 107 1) 3, i 85x10? j 4500x10% k 32x10 *L 125x10 no 2 Work these out : a27+10 = b 450+10? ¢ 36+10' . d 170+ 10" e08+10' fF 24890+10 g 9+10 h 0.25 +10 0? = fj 4.76+10* k 0.072107 L 0.085+ 10 Work out the answers to the calculations in thé code box on the right. Find the answer in your secret code table. Write the 0.06 + 10) 06 x10°=S. letter from the code box above the number.in your table. 60x10 = 4 suet neg For example, the first calculation is 0.6 x 10% He + 0.6 X 10* = 60, so write $ above 60 in the table ‘Whaat is the secret coded imessage? 300 + 10° = C 3300 x 107 = E 03% 109 =T 300+ 10°= D 4 Work but the missing power in each of the questions in these spider diagrams. Tneach part, all the questions in the outer shapes should give the answer in the centre shape. These are called spider diagrams because they ea central “body with several ‘legs’ ee GS GD 5 a Work these out. ‘i i4xie 4x10 Axi | iv 4xt0* =v 4x10? Wi 4x10" b Use your angwers to part a to answer this question. If you multiply a number by 10°, would the answer be larger or smaller than when you multiply the same number by 10° 6 a Work these out. 1 12+10 fi 12+10' iii 12+10° iv 12+107 vv 1210 vi b Use your answers to part a to answer this question. If you divide a number by 10-4 would the answer be larger or smaller than when you divide the number by 10% 10° 3 Place value, ordering and rounding TEPER EEEEEEEeeeas - | 3.3 Rounding 3.3 Rounding € ( the You know how to round decimal numbers to one or two decimal places (d.p.). | The “degree of | accuracy’ is the number You can use exactly the same method to round decimal numbers to more than two decimal places. + Look at the digit inthe position of the degree of accuracy. «Ifthe value of the numeral tothe right of this digit is 5 or more, increase the digit by 1. Ifthe value is less than 5, leave the digit as it is. of decimal places you | are working to. | a 5.376398 = 5.4 (4p) The digit inthe frst decimal place is 3. The digit to the right of itis 7. 77 is more than 5, o round the 3 up to 4, The letters ‘d.p. stand for ‘decimal place’. b_ 5.376398 = 5.376 (3 d.p.) _ The digit in the third decimal place is 6. The digit to the right of itis 3. 3.is less than 5 so the 6 stays the same. ¢ ° 5.376398 = 5.37640 (5 dip.) The digit inthe fifth decimal place is 9. The digit to the right of itis 8. is more than § 50 round the 9 up to 10. This has the effect of rounding the fourth and fith digits (5) up to 4o. Notice that you must write down + + the zero at the end, as the number must have five decimal places. You also need to know how to round numbers to a given number of significant figures. ‘The first significant figure in a number isthe frst non-zero digit in the number. Forexample: 4 is the first significant figure in the number 450 8 is the first significant figure in the number 0.008 402. To round a number toa given number of sighificant figures follow exactly the method above. + Look at the digit in the position of the degree of accuracy. + Ifthe number to the right of this digit is 5 or more, increase the digit by 1 Ifthe number is less than 5, leave the digit as it is. Worked example 3.3b )um a 4286 = 4000 (1s) The first significant igure is 4. The digit to the right of itis 2. : 2 is less than 5, 50 4 stays the same, Replace the 2, the 8 and the 6 with zeros to keep the size of the number consistent. inthis case, < rounding to one significant figure is the same as rounding to the nearest 1000, The leters ‘5. stand for ‘significant figure’ b 0.08069 = 0.0807 (3 5.) The first significant figure is 8, the second is o and the third is 6. The digit tothe right ofthe 6 is 9. 9 is more than § so round the 6 up to 7. You must keep the zeros at the start of the number to keep the size of the number consistent. In this case, rounding to 3 s.. is the same as 4 Round each number to the given degree of accuracy a 4.76 (1 decimal place (d.p.)) b 8.792 (2dp. ¢ 0.476 (3 dp.) d 0.96552 (2 dp.) e 61 (4dp.) f 1834987 (3 dp.) 2 Round the number 25.496 723 815 to the stated number of decimal places (4.p.) a3dp ‘bidp c5dp d4dp e2dp .f 7dp 0 the stated number of significant figures (s.£). 3 Round each numb a 135(1s.f) b 45678 (2s) , ¢ 18.654(3s£) d 0.0931 (Is) @ 0.7872(2s£) Ff 1.40948 (3 sf) 4 Which answer is correct, A, B, C or D? af a 2569 rounded to 1 sf A2d B3 C 2000 —-D 3000 b 47.6821 roundedto3sf A 47.6 © B 47.682 C 47.7 «48.0 € 0.0882 roundedto2sf A008 B 0.088 C009 D 01 d 3.08962 roundedto4s.£ A 3.089 B 3.0896 C 3.09 D 3.090 5 Round the number 4509,0298 to the stated number of significant figures (s..) Meee bist cSt dash re dst : fi7st 6 Ata football match there were 63475 Barcelona supporters and 32.486 ‘Arsénal supporters. How many supporters were there altogether? Give your answer correct'to two significant figures. 7 Ahmad has a bag of peanuts that weighs 150g There are 335 peanuts in the bag. Work out the average (mean) mass of a peanut. Give your answer correct to one significant figure. s The speed of light is approximately 670616629 miles per hour. The symbol = means ‘is Use the conversion 1 mile ~ 1.6 km to work out the speed of light approximately equal to’ in metres per second, Give your answer correct to three significant figures. 9 This is part of Jake's homework. He works out an estimate by | Question a Work out ar estimate of 0238x576 rounding each number to ne b Workout the accurate value | significant figure ¢ Compare your estimate withthe Follow these steps for each of the PTOERNMUE: : calculations below. QA Anmauer a 0.238 = 0.2, 576 = 600, 39.76 = 40 1 Use Jake’s'method to work = '\)) 0.2.x 600 Estimate = 3 ‘out an estimate of the answer. b 0.238 x 576 = 137.088, . | ii Usea calculator to work out 137.088 +,39.76,5 9,89 (3.44) Accurate = 3.45 (3 sf.) the accurate answer. Give this My estimate iy close to- my accurate answer correct to three answer, 10 my accurate anawer significant figures. probably correct: iii Compare your estimate with the accurate answer, Decide if your accurate answer is correct, 2764 x84605 4g SUBDXO08 9.687 — 4.19 02 x 348 3 Place value, ordering and rounding ° 3.4 Order of opera tions, 3.4 Order of operations When calculations involve more than one operation, such as addition and multiplication, always make sure you do the operations in the correct order. BIDMAS can help you remember the correct order of operations. BIDMAS stands for Brackets, Indices (powers), Division, Multiplication, Addition and Subtraction BIDMAS describes the order in which you must do operations ¢ Work out Brackets and Indices first, followed by Divisions and Multiplications, and finally Additions and Subtractions. Work these out, a 4+2x6 b 6-2G+9) ¢ 4 4 (9-5) a 4+2*6=4412 tart by working out the multiplidation: 2 « 6 = 12. 16 Then work out the addition: 4 + 12 = 16. b°6-2(+9)=6-2x12 Start by working out the calculation in brackets: 3 + 9 = 12. 6-24 Then work out the multiplication: 2 x 12 = 24 g 8 Finally, work out the subtraction: 6 ~ 24 = 8. c ” Start with the index and work out 4? = 16. Then work out the division: 16 8= 2. * . d = (29-25) Work out the 5? before calculating the expression in the brackets: 5* = 25, ” Then work out the expression in the brackets: 29 - 25 = 4, 64 Finally, work out 4? = 64, CSE 4 Work these out, a8+3x4 b 12x2-5 c pa 2 g (12-9) oh 2. Write the correct sign, 2x 4030- d 18-5x6 e@ 4x3-7x2 k 100-2 2+13) < or >, to go in the box between the expressions. b 50 -6'(13(26 - 19) at 3 a 16 § oy o x4 a4 ¢ #+(11-60 05x4 O3(4t-5) f (12 e 46 Z 3, Work outf the answers to these calculations are right (V) or wrong (X). If the answer is wrong, work out the correct answer. a 6+3x3=18 — b 3(16-3)+9=30 z 8-6) 4 This is part of Zalika’s homework. Questi Workout: a , Anowerr All of her answers are wrong. For each part: i explain the mistake that Zalika has made fi work out the cortect answer 5 Oditi and Shen work out the value of the expression Iseither of them correct? Explain your answer. © (2x-3y)? aixty —b 2w-4y Work out the value of each expression when x= 6 and. a+ 5b) when a=4 and b=3. I think the v You should now know that: % When you multiply any number by a decimal number between o and , the answer is smaller than the number you started with. % When you divide any number by a decimal number between o and s, the answer is greater than the ‘number you started wit. . * The decimals 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, . can all be written as negative powers of 10. 10°, as 10 ip 200°.- % The first significant Figure in 3 number isthe frst non-zero digtt inthe number. % When you round a number to a given number of significant figures you must keep the value of the rounded answer consistent with the number you are rounding. * You can use BIDMAS (Brackets, Indices or powers, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction) to remember the correct order of operations. You should be able to: + Calculate with decimals mentally, using jttings where appropriate. + Multiply by decimals, understanding where to put the decimal point by considering equivalent calculations, + Divide by decimals by transforming the calculation to division by an integer. + Recognise the effects of multiplying and dividing. by numbers between 0 and t + Recognise the equivalence of o.1, and 10°, + Multiply and divide numbers by 10 to the power of any positive or negative integer. + Round numbers toa given number of decimal places or significant figures; use rounding to give solutions to problems with an appropriate degree of accuracy. + Use the order of operations, including brackets and powers. 3 Place value, orderi ind rounding

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