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Programming
Lecture 6
VARIABLES EXAMPLES
Dr. Badria Nabil
Assignment 3
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Write a C++ program that takes three numbers
from the user and calculates the sum and the
average of them and print the sum and the
average to user.
Assignment Solution
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Incrementing and Decrementing
Values
The ++/-- operator increments/decrements by 1:
int var1 = 3;
var1++; // var1 now equals 4
Var1--; // var1 now equals 2
The ++/-- operators can be used in two ways:
int var1 = 3, var2 = 0;
var2 = ++var1; // Prefix: var2=4 Increment var1 first,
// then assign to var2.
var2 = var1++; // Postfix: var2= 3 Assign to var2 first,
// then increment var1.
Increment & Decrement Operators
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Increment operator: increment variable by 1
Pre-increment: ++variable
Post-increment: variable++
Decrement operator: decrement variable by 1
Pre-decrement: --variable
Post-decrement: variable--
What is the difference between the following?
x = 5; x = 5;
y = ++x; y = x++;
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition
Examining Compound Assignments
An assignment operator can be combined with
any conventional binary operator:
double total=0, num = 1;
double percentage = 0.50;
…
total = total + num; // total is now 1
total += num; // total is now 2
total -= num; // total is now 1
total *= percentage; // total is now .5
Allocating Memory with Constants
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Named constant: memory location whose content
can’t change during execution
The syntax to declare a named constant is:
In C++, const is a reserved word
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition
Programming Example:
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Convert Length
Write a program that takes as input a given length
expressed in feet and inches
Convert and output the length in centimeters
One inch is equal to 2.54 centimeters
One feet is equal to 12 inches
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition
Programming Example: Convert
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Length (continued)
The algorithm is as follows:
Get the length in feet and inches
Convert the length into total inches
Convert total inches into centimeters
Output centimeters
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition
Programming Example: Variables
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and Constants
Variables
int feet; //variable to hold given feet
int inches; //variable to hold given inches
int totalInches; //variable to hold total inches
double centimeters; //variable to hold length in
//centimeters
Named Constant
const double CENTIMETERS_PER_INCH = 2.54;
const int INCHES_PER_FOOT = 12;
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition
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C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition
Programming Example: Sample Run
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Enter two integers, one for feet, one for inches: 15 7
The numbers you entered are 15 for feet and 7 for inches.
The total number of inches = 187
The number of centimeters = 474.98
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition
