Global Interstate System and Philippines- emerging core countries;

Contemporary Global Governance exploited

-WTO
- Global Interstate System/ Modern World Attributes of Globalization Today
System- a whole system of human
interaction  global financial crisis will take
decades to be resolved
Modern world system - structured  free trade= shares of the percentage
politically as interstate system, a system of began to change
competing and allying states.  developed countries- protectionist
(ex. Japan)
Political scientists: international system
 Transnational corps, not
- focal point of the field of international governments
relations.
World systems are defined by the
existence of division of labor Contemporary Global Governance

-has multi-state political structure and United Nations- leading institution global
therefore its division of labor is international governance
division of labor. -6 principal organs
Modern World System Theory- Immanuel • United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)
Wallerstein – Pres. Carlos P. Rumolo- term: 1 year
“World economy is a large geographic zone • United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
within which there is a division of labor”
- settle dispute and enforce sanctions; P5-
-exploited or benefited no need of reelection, China US, France,
Russia, UK

3 SYSTEMS • Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

 Core- requires higher and more • Trusteeship Council

specialized labor and professional skills • International Court of Justice
US, innovative and capital-intensive • UN Secretariat
countries/region
-delivers high profit consumption goods
1
 Semi-periphery- shared characteristics
of both C and P; kumukuha at Other intergovernmental agencies
nagpapadala ng resources (Spain and -UNESDCO
Portugal)
 Periphery- requires low level skills, -UNCTAD
preliminary processing
-delivers cheap labor and raw materials
Global Financial Crisis -period of extreme back; these high-risk mortgages became
stress in global financial markets and known as sub-prime mortgages
banking systems between mid-2007 and
Sometime in 2007, house prices stopped
early 2009.
increasing as supply caught up with
- a down turn in the US housing market was demand
a catalyst for a financial crisis that spread
Since it was apparent that families could not
from the United States to the rest of the
pay off their loans, a rapid reselling of MBSs
world through linkages in the global financial
happened as investors tried to get rid of
system.
their bad investments.
The Great Depression -Worst economic
The crises spread beyond United States.
downturn in the history of the industrialized
The Loss of money spread like wildfire back
world, lasting from 1929-1939
to other countries.
-Began after the stock market crashed of
The United States recovered quickly thanks
October 1929, which sent wall street into a
to a large Keynesian-Style Stimulus
panic and wiped out millions of investors.
package that President Barack Obama
-Over the next several years, consumer pushed for in his first months in office –
spending and investment dropped, causing
steep declines in industrial output and
employment as failing companies laid off ATTRIBUTES OF GLOBAL
workers. CORPORATIONS
o Has significant investments and facilities
in multiple countries and lacks a
The Global Financial Crisis and the dominant headquarters;
Challenge to Neoliberalism
Governed by the laws of the country where
Neoliberalism came under significant strain they are incorporated
during the global financial crisis of 2007-
2008 when the world experienced the Great Connects its talent, resources and
Depression opportunities across political
boundaries; and
In attempt to promote free market,
government authorities failed to regulate is more invested in its overseas locations it
bad investments occurring in the US can be more sensitive to local
housing market o Banks, lending house opportunities and also more vulnerable to
owners’ money and sold “mortgage-backed threats
securities” (MBS).
An international company – has no
Because no surplus of money was foreign direct investment and makes its
circulating, the demand for MBS increased wares only in its home country. Its
as investors clamored for more investment involvement outside its borders is
opportunities essentially limited to importing and
exporting goods.
Banks started extending loans to families
and individuals with dubious credit records- A multinational company invests directly
those who are unlikely to pay their loans in foreign nations, but this is usually
limited to a few areas. Products are
customized to local preferences, rather
than homogenized, limiting the ability to exercise complete control over their
create economies of scale domestic affairs and swear not to
meddle in each other’s affairs and provide
Transnational companies take the global stability for the nations of Europe.
corporation a step further; transnational
company invests directly in dozens of Concert of Europe- restore the world of
countries and distributes monarchial, hereditary and
decision-making capabilities to its various religious privileges of the time before the
local operations. French Revolution and Napoleonic
Wars

Metternich System- Named after the

Austrian diplomat, Klemens von
Metternich, the system’s main architect

The Attributes of Today’s Global System Interstate System- a system of competing

World politics has four key attributes: and allying states
1. countries or states that are independent and
govern themselves Internationalism- desire for greater
cooperation and unity among states and
2. these countries interact with each other people. This can be divided into two broad
through diplomacy categories:
3. international organizations
1. Liberal Internationalism - set of related
4. facilitating meetings between states and concepts on how to best organize
international organizations international relations between states and
non-state actors that emphasize a belief in
international progress, interdependence,
Nation-state cooperation, diplomacy, multilateralism, and
support for international political structures
-relatively modern phenomenon in the and organizations.
human history whereby it composed two
non-interchangeable terms: nation and - Liberal internationalists believe
state. that humans by nature are good, or
at least not naturally aggressive.
A. NATION- an “imagined They also have faith in the good that
community” and does not go beyond a both domestic and international
given “official boundary” (Benedict organizations and institutions can
Anderson) do.
B. STATE- a country and its government
C. Not all states are nations and not all 2. Socialist International (SI) – union of
nations are states European socialist and labor
parties established in Paris in 1889.
C. THE GLOBAL INTERSTATE SYSTEM
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Treaty of Westphalia- set of agreements (USSR) – a more radical version of
signed 1648 to end the Thirty Years’ War the collapsed SI
between the major continental powers of
Europe. It was designed to avert wars in the Communist Parties – parties that provide
future by recognizing that treaty signers power for the working-class using methods
of terror if necessary
 establishing trade agreements between
Factors of Globalization on Governments countries. With 153 member
a. It led to emergence of ‘post-sovereign” countries and consisting more than 97% of
governance. entire world trade, it propagates
b. It spurred several shifts in the main the international trade policies.
attributes of states d. The Group of 8 (G8) is made up of the
c. It promoted moves toward multilayered world's leading industrial countries
governance. (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
d. It encouraged some privatization of UK, USA, and Russia). The heads of the
governance. G8 countries meet each year to discuss
global issues such as world poverty
and security.
e. North Atlantic Treaty Organization
(NATO) was founded in 1949 in
International Relations and International Washington. The foreign ministers of 10
Organizations/ Institutions countries signed a defense treaty that
• International intergovernmental committed to helping each other in the
organizations or groups that are primarily event of an attack. There are now
made up of member-states. 26 country members with headquarters in
Belgium.
f. United Nations (UN) was founded in
**According to international relations 1945. Most countries of the world — a
scholars Michael N. Barnett and Martha total of 191, are members. The general
Finnemore, the following are the powers of assembly of UN makes the decision
IOs about peacekeeping and human rights.
a. Power of clarification- can invent and
apply categories, they create powerful UNITED NATIONS
global standards. •Primary goal: avert another global war and
b. Power to fix meanings- legitimate promote sustainable development.
sources of information. The meanings they
create have effects on various policies. `•Divided into five active groups:
c. Power to diffuse norms - spread their (l) General Assembly: acts as
ideas across the world thereby establishing policymaking and representative organ of
global standards. UN
(2) Security Council- determining the
Institutions Governing International existence of a threat or an act of aggression
Relations (3) Economic and Social Council
a. United Nations Educational, Scientific (ECOSOC)- principal body
and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for coordination, policy review, policy
was set up in 1946 dialogue and recommendations on
- encourages countries to get together on social and environmental issues, as well as
matters such as education, culture, and the implementation of internationally
science. development goals;
b. World Bank is an international financial (4) International Court of Justice - settle,
institution was founded in 1944 which in accordance with international law, legal
works on reducing poverty. It helps disputes submitted to it by the states and to
developing countries by giving loans. give advisory opinions referred to it by
c. World Trade Organization (WTO) authorized United Nations organs and
encourages international trade by specialized agencies; and
(5) Secretariat consisting of the Secretary-
General and 10,000 of UN staff members
who carry out the day-to-day work of the UN that have opened their [policy] analysis to
as General Assembly and the organizations uncertainty, ambiguity and change.
other principal organs.
● In these globally aware governments,
institutions have been created or
Challenges Faced by International altered to scan the rapidly changing
Organizations/ Institutions In environment, to promote policy invention
Maintaining Global Security and policy dialogue, to speed up decision-
making in order to take advantage
a. Challenge of the United Nations of emerging opportunities, and to embrace
1. Limits placed upon its various organs and short-term failures in favor of creating long-
programs by the need to respect state term sustainable strategies.
sovereignty
2. Issues of Security ● Governments without adequate capacity
b. Challenges faced by International to recognize and respond to change
Organizations are destined to be forever behind the
1. Lack of multilateral outcomes 'waves of change'.
2. Size and number of issues
3. Competition to be the classical ● The ability to embrace change is related
international organizations to an attitude of openness to diversity,
4. Speed of technological change comfort with uncertainty, and optimism
5. Acceleration of history and slow about the future.
multilateral processes
6. Geopolitical change ● With the advance of globalization, the
7. Blurring distinction between public and State has an important role to play in
private the establishment and preservation of an
8. Digital environment "even playing field" and an enabling
9. Incoherence, exclusion and inappropriate environment for private enterprise,
governance and accountability individual creativity and social action.
Relevance Of State Amid Globalization ● Strong democratic states are necessary to
● The functions and role of the State have protect the children, the sick, the
been transformed substantially. The elderly and other vulnerable segments of
general configuration of its responsibilities society, combat the social exclusion
has changed and this has introduced of minority groups and ensure a more
important modifications both in the policy equitable distribution of the benefits of
arena and in the State's requirements for globalization.
high-level skills, qualitatively and
quantitatively. ● A democratic State, which is proactive
and strategic, is required to arrest and,
● The course of change points to a shift of in the medium-term, reverse poverty and
focus away from hands-on management underdevelopment.
and the direct production of services and
goods towards strategic planning It is important to underline that an
with a view to the establishment and intelligent, democratic State can also be
maintenance, refinement and reform of an socially proactive, but does not mean "big
enabling framework for private enterprise government". It means "quality" not
and individual initiative. 'quantity" or volume of government activity.
It implies a State with lean but
● The governments that seem to "be 'riding strong democratic institutions.
the wave of globalization' are those
 - provide free primary school education
to all, including vulnerable or
17 SUSTAINABLE GOALS (2015-2030)
marginalized groups.
1. No Poverty- government to
5. Gender equality and women’s
generate productive employment
empowerment- Achieve gender
and job opportunities for the poor
equality and empower all women and
and the marginalized.
girls.
- private sector has a major role to
play in determining whether the - you can work alongside women and
growth it creates is inclusive and girls to achieve gender equality and
contributes to poverty reduction and embrace healthy, respectful
promote economic opportunities for relationships. You can fund education
the poor campaigns to curb cultural practices like
2. Zero Hunger- End hunger, achieve female genital mutilation and change
food security and improved nutrition, harmful laws that limit the rights of
and promote sustainable agriculture. women and girls and prevent them from
- supporting local farmers or markets achieving their full potential.
and making sustainable food
6. Clean Water & Sanitation- invest in
choices, supporting good nutrition
water research and development, and
for all, and fighting food waste. 
promote the inclusion of women, youth,
- - a consumer and voter, demanding
and indigenous communities in water
businesses and governments make
resources governance. 
the choices and changes that will
make Zero Hunger a reality.  -  get involved in the World Water Day
3. Good Health & Wellbeing- Ensure and World Toilet Day campaigns that
healthy lives and promote well-being aim to provide information and
for all, at all ages. inspiration to take action on hygiene
- promoting and protecting your own issues.
health and the health of those
around you, by making well-informed 7. Affordable & Clean Energy- an
choices, practicing safe sex, and affordable, reliable, and sustainable
vaccinating your children. energy system by investing in renewable
- - raise awareness in your community energy resources, prioritizing energy
- hold your government, local leaders, efficient practices, and adopting clean
and other decision makers energy technologies and infrastructure.
accountable to their commitments to - save electricity by plugging appliances
improve people’s access to health into a power strip and turning them off
and health care. completely when not in use, including
4, Quality Education- Ensure inclusive your computer. You can also bike, walk,
and equitable quality education and or take public transport to reduce carbon
promote lifelong learning opportunities emissions.
for all. 8. Decent Work & Economic Growth
- governments to place education as a Hunger- Providing youth with the best
priority in both policy and practice opportunity to transition to a decent job
calls for investing in education and
training of the highest possible quality,
providing youth with skills that match planes, trains and automobiles, and
labour market demands, giving them shrink your carbon profile.
access to social protection and basic
14. Life Below Water- Establishing
services regardless of their contract
comprehensive, effective, and equitably
type, as well as levelling the playing
managed systems of government-
field.
protected areas should be pursued to
9. Industry, Innovation, & conserve biodiversity and ensure a
Infrastructure- Establish standards and sustainable future for the fishing
promote regulations that ensure industry. On a local level, we should
company projects and initiatives are make ocean-friendly choices when
sustainably managed. Collaborate with buying products or eating food derived
NGOs and the public sector to help from oceans and consume only what we
promote sustainable growth within need. We should eliminate plastic usage
developing countries.  as much as possible and organize
beach clean-ups. Most importantly, we
10. Reduced Inequalities-
can spread the message about how
transformative change. eliminate
important marine life is and why we
discriminatory laws, policies, and
need to protect it.
practices
11. Sustainable Cities- Are there
15. Life on Land- recycling, eating a
enough jobs? Can your children walk to
local-based diet that is sustainably
school safely? Can you walk with your
sourced, and consuming only what we
family at night? How far is the nearest
need. We must be respectful toward
public transport? What’s the air quality
wildlife and only take part in ecotourism
like? What are your shared public
opportunities that are responsibly and
spaces like? The better the conditions
ethically run in order to prevent wildlife
you create in your community, the
disturbance. Well-managed protected
greater the effect on quality of life.
areas support healthy ecosystems,
12. Responsible Consumption & which in turn keep people healthy.
Production- 1. Reducing your waste
and 2. Being thoughtful about what you
buy and choosing a sustainable option 16. Peace, Justice & Strong
whenever possible. Ensure you don’t Institutions- Exercise your right to hold
throw away food, and reduce your your elected officials accountable.
consumption of plastic - one of the main Exercise your right to freedom of
pollutants of the ocean. Carrying a information and share your opinion with
reusable bag, refusing to use plastic your elected representatives. Promote
straws, and recycling plastic bottles are inclusion and respect towards people of
good ways to do your part every day. different ethnic origins, religions, gender,
sexual orientations, or different opinions.
13. Climate Action- power it with
Together, we can help to improve
renewable energy, invest in energy-
conditions for a life of dignity for all.
efficient appliances, reduce water waste,
eat the food you buy and make less of it
meat, buy better bulbs, pull the plugs,
drive a full-efficient vehicle, rethink
17. Partnerships- Join or create a group in
your local community that seeks to mobilize
action on the implementation of the SDGs.
Encourage your governments to partner
with businesses for the implementation of
the SDGs.