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ma ctivity 26
OBJECTIVE
To measure the shortest distance
between two skew lines and verify it
MaAreriAL REQUIRED
A piece of plywood of size
30 cm x 20 cm, a squared paper,
three wooden blocks of size
2cm x 2 cm x 2 cm each and one
wooden block of size 2 cm x 2.cm
x 4 cm, wires of different lengths,
set squares, adhesive, pen/pencil,
etc.
analytically.
MetHop oF ConstRUCTION
Paste a squared paper on a piece of plywood.
2. On the squared paper, draw two lines OA and OB to represent x-axis,
and y-axis, respectively.
3. Name the three blocks of size 2. cm x 2 cm x 2 cm as I, I and III. Name the
other wooden block of size 2 em x 2. cm x 4 cmas IV.
4. Place blocks I, II, IIT such that their base centres are at the points
(2, 2), (1, 6) and (7, 6), respectively, and block IV with its base centre at
(6, 2). Other wooden block of size 2 cm x 2 cm x 4 cmas IV.
5. Place a wire joining the points P and Q, the centres of the bases of the
blocks I and III and another wire joining the centres R and S of the tops of
blocks II and IV as shown in Fig. 26.
6. These two wires represent two skew lines.
7. Take a wire and join it perpendicularly with the skew lines and measure the
actual distance.
24/048 >X
i (6.2.4)
PR)
5 S HH
(1.6.2) = ei
< eB | f Ors)
<<
DEMONSTRATION
1. A set-square is placed in such a way that its one perpendicular side is along
the wire PQ.
2. Move the set-square along PQ till its other perpendicular side touches the
other wire.
om Latorony Manual
24/048 3. Measure the distance between the two lines in this position using set-square.
This is the shortest distance between two skew lines.
4. Analytically, find the equation of line joining P (2, 2, 0) and Q (7, 6, 0) and
other line joining R (1, 6, 2) and $ (6, 2, 4) and find S.D. using
(a:-a))-(6>xs)
[a xb,
OBSERVATION
. The distance obtained in two cases will be the same.
. Coordinates of point P are
Coordinates of point Q are
ew rne
Coordinates of point R are
Coordinates of point S are
. Equation of line PQ is
ane
Equation of line RS is
Shortest distance between PQ and RS analytically =
Shortest distance by actual measurement =
The results so obtained are
APPLICATION
This activity can be used to explain the concept of skew lines and of shortest
distance between two lines in space.
Matematis mo
24/048 mh hy 27
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To explain the computation of A piece of plywood, white paper
conditional probability of a given pen/pencil, scale, a pair of dice.
event A, when event B has already
occurred, through an example of
throwing a pair of dice.
Meron oF ConstRUCTION
1. Paste a white paper on a piece of plywood of a convenient size.
2. Make a square and divide it into 36 unit squares of size lcm each
(see Fig. 27).
3. Write pair of numbers as shown in the figure.
24/048 DEMONSTRATION
1, Fig. 27 gives all possible outcomes of the given experiment. Hence, it
represents the sample space of the experiment.
2. Suppose we have to find the conditional probability of an event A if an event
B has already occurred, where A is the event “a number 4 appears on both
the dice” and B is the event "4 has appeared on at least one of the dice”i.e,
we have to find P(A | B).
3. From Fig. 27 number of outcomes favourable to A = 1
Number of outcomes favourable to B = 11
Number of outcomes favourable to A. B = 1.
. i
4.) PB)= 5.
1. You may repeat this activity by
taking more events such as the
probability of getting a sum 10 when
1 a doublet has already occurred.
Gi) P(ANB)= 36
6 2. Conditional probability
P(A1B) can also be found by first
P(AMB) 1 taking the sample space of event B
Gil) P(AIB)=~papy = TT out of the sample space of the
experiment, and then finding the
probability A from it.
OBSERVATION
1, Outcome(s) favourable to A: ,n(A)= i
2. Outcomes favourable to B : ,n(B) = .
3. Outcomes favourable to ANB: ,n(AQB)=
4. P(ANB)=
5. P(AIB) = =
APPLICATION
This activity is helpful in understanding the concept of conditional probability,
which is further used in Bayes’ theorem.
Matematis wm
24/048
