1If A:=(-~6 -!

2 -~)
-1
and B= (-: -~-)··,.find
1 -5 4
(a)A+B (b)2A+3B (c) A- 2B

2 If A =(_; -! ), B =(-: __:) and C =(-; ; ),

(a) show that (A + B) + C = A + (B + C), (b) find 2A - 3B + 2C.

3 Find the products of the following matrices.

2-1 5)(x)
(a) (_~ -~ )(!) (d) (~ -~ rnn (g) (10 23)(~ ~)
1 2
3 2
(j) (
: -: -~ ;

(b) (2 1i(:) (e) (-2 I 3f!) (h) (12 00 2)1 (-~3 -!)O
(i) (1 -1 2) -1 0' 2
1 2 0)
(c) (-56 -37 -42)(~) (f) (-~ t ~)(~)
-5 3 0 2 3 0 2 ( 2 1 -1
3
 1

4 If A =
(a) AB
G!), = G
B n
(b) BA
and C = G-~), find

(c) A(B + C)
(d) B(2A + 3C)

Verify that A(B + C) = AB + AC.

5 I£tA=(_;-i i),e=(i).c=(; ~)andX=~)- ·

State which of the following products are defined and evaluate these products.
AC,CA,AB,BA,CX,BX.

6_ Given C = C!), find the values of x and y if C

2
= (~ )-

7 If A=(-~ -~ - ~) and A2 = I, where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix, find the values of a, b, c and d.
b C d

8 Given C = (! ;), find the values of m and n such that C + mC + ni = 0 where l= (~ n.

2

1 0
9 Given D = (-22 - 3 ), and D 2 - 3D - kl= 0 where I= (
I OI
), find the value of k.
.

10 Given M = (-; -n, I= ( n and O= (~ ~). find numbers p and q such that
M 2 + pM + qi = 0. Ded1:1ce that M 4 = -5M + ~I an~ find M 4 .

11 Given matrix A= ( ! )·
2 I I
(a) Find matrix B so that B = A2 - 4A -1, where Bis a 3 x 3 square matrix and I is the 3 x 3
identity matrix.
(b) Show that AB+ 41 = 0.
2
12 Given that matrix A = ( ~ ). Find

(a) A 2 (b) A4 (c) A23

13 Given matrix A=(-~ _; ~l ) and A 2 = I, where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix, determine the
b C d
values of a, of b, of c and of d.
Given also matrix B =A+ 3A 3 + 5A 5 + ... + 99A99 , find matrix B.

14 Given 3 x 3 matdces A and B where A= (-i :: -! )and B =( : ; ) respectively Sho•

that multiplication of matrix A and matrix B is commutative.

- 1 Find the inverse of the following matrices using the elementary row operations.

(a)
(-12 21 O3) (e) ( 21-12-3)
-4 '
(i) ( 3 01 -62)
-4 2 5 -2 5 1 -2 -1 5

(b)
(-12-12 -1)0
-1 0 3
(t) (-~ 3
-1 1 ~) G) (0o12)1
1 2 0
(-32 -11 -46) (-21-11-4)
(c)
-5 -1 11
(g) 7
1 -1 -1
(k) (2 3 4)
4 3 1
1 2 4

(d)
(-4 3 4)
12 -9 -11 (h) (1 1 2 3 1 1) (I)
(-31-33 -12)
-1 1 1 2 -1 -3 2 -1 0

2 Matrix A is given by A= (1 1 -1 0 0)0 .

1 -2 1
(a) Show that A 2 = I, where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix, and deduce A-1•

(b) Find matrix B which satisfies BA= ( ).

-1 0 2
2 0
-- 3 Given that matrix A= ( ), find the constants m and n such that A2 + mA + nl = 0, where
-1 3
I is the 2 x 2 identity matrix.
Hence, deduce A 3 and A- 1•

-1 3 5) (-23-6 3122 -1118) respectively.

- 4 Given matrices P and Q, where P = 4 3 3 and Q
5 -4 -2
( =
31 -7 -13
Show that PQ = kl, where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix.
Deduce p-,.
5 Given matrix A= ( ; ~) and matrix B = (_~ -~)-
Find matrix X such that AXA- 1 = B, where Bis a 2 x 2 matrix.

2 1 1)
(1 1 2
2
6 Given matrix A = 1 2 1 . Find the values of constant p and q such that A + pA + qi= 0,

where I is the 3 x 3 identity matrix. Hence, show that A3 = 21A - 201.

Checkpoint 3.3
1 Evaluate the following determinants.

(a) (_~ !) (b) (: ~) (c) (_; ~) ( 4-2) (e) (! ~) (f)

p -2p)
(q q
(d) · -3 -1

2 If A = ( D and B = G~), find

(a) <let.A and det B,
(b) .AB.
Show that det (AB)= (det A)· (det B).
(3~~:d(t tI)nrinors an;b~f(r7Y)f the entri;:)in( tY°f)owing maui::· ( !) '

001 111 134 157

4 Evaluate the following determinants.,
1 2 1 2 0 -3 -2 -1 -3
(a) 2 1 1 (c) 4 1 2 (e) 1 3 0
1 1 2 0 -1 3 -1 11 -6
3 -1 2 -3 1 2 -5 4 3.
(b) 0 1 4 (d) 2 3 0 (f) 10 -7 -6
2 -3 0 -1 1 1 -8 6 5

5 If A= ( x 2) and det A= 4, find the value of x.

· (2- 2 -1 )
2 x-1 2
k
6 Find the possible values of kif matrix 2 4 -2 is singular.

!
3 k+2 k-3

7 Given matrix P = ( ~3). S~ow that matrix Pis a non-singular.matrix for-all real values of x.

0 k2

8 Given that matrix A= ( ; i)- Find the possible values of b if matrix A is singular.
9 Show that determinant of ( : ~) is x(y- x) (z - y).
, X y Z

10 The matrices Mand N are given by M = ( t )

a2 bi ci
1
and N = ( 3~ 3b
a2 b2 c2
;c ).
Sho~ that det M = (a - b)(b _ c)(c _ a).
Deduce det N .
 Checkpoint 3.4
1 Solve the following simultaneous linear equations.
W x +~=~ M
2x + 3y = 1 X - 3y = -7
(b) 2x-y=44 (d)-5x+4y=-19
4x + 3y = -2 -7x + 5y = -26

- 2 Solve the given systems of linear equations.

(a) - x + 2z = 2 (c) -x + 3y - 2z = -5
3x + y- 6z = 4 3x- 3y + z = 3
-2x - y + 5z = -3 -2x+ y =-1
(b) 7x-3y-3z=2 (d) x + 2y + 3z = 2
-x+y=-1 2x + 3y + 4z = 7
-x + z = 1 X + 5y + 7z = 1

3 Find the inverse of the ; atr~ ( ~ -! -~)

3 -2 -1

Hence, solve the system of linear equations

2x - y + 3z = -25
5x + 4y - 3z = - l
3x-2y- z =-17

4 Find the inverse of the matrix (:

IO7 45) .
3 3

Hence, solve the system of linear equations

x+I0y+5z =23
x+7y+4z=l5

x + 3y + 3z = 4 ( 21 3) ( 21

: ~(J::~f Irif
5 Given the matrices A and B, where A= -l O 4 , B = -1 I
3 I O 3 I

::c( it exists and solve the equation

 2
6 Find the inverse of the matrix A = ( 6 -1 -9 .
1-1)
4 3 1

Hen~ solve ilie equation AX = B where X =( ;:) and B = ( i) .

1-3-1)
7 Find the inverse of the matrix A, where A = 5 -1 5 .
(
-3 1 1

Solve tlie equation AX = B, where X = ( ~:) and

(a) B=(;D ~) B=(D

1 2
8 If A is the matrix ( 1 3
0 -1
i), find A-'. Solve the equation AX= K, when

(a) K=(i) ~)K=(-D (c)K=m

9 Find the value of k if the system of equations
X +y - Z = 1 2X + 3y + Z = 6 5x + 7y + z =k
has a solution and find this solution.

10 For the matrix equation. ( !

1 3 k
!) (;)
z
=(
4+k
! ),
find the value of k if the equation has no unique solution.
Solve the equation for this value of k.

11 Given that the inverse of matrix (~

221
! !) is (: ~) where a and bare constants. Find the
02b
values of a and of b.
Hence, solve the following simultaneous equations.
x +y+ z =6
2x + y + z = 1
2x + 2y +:: =5
12 A system of linear equations is given by
X + 2y- 3z == p
2x + 6y - 11 == q
x-2y+7z==r
where p, q and rare real numbers.
By reducing the system of equations as an augmented matrix, show th at the system has
infinitely number of solution if r + 2q = Sp.

13 A system of linear equations is given by

px+qz= 3
x+ y=-2
py+z=2
where p and q are real numbers.
Write the augmented matrix for the system of linear equations, and show that it can be
reduced to
0 q
-p q 3:2p).
0 q+l 5+2p
Hence, determine the values of p and q so that the system of equations has
(a) unique solutions,
(b) infinitely many solutions,
(c) no solution.