ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

GUIDELINES FOR
LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING

Department of Enviroment
Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment
& Climate Change (MESTECC)
Level 1-4, Podium 2 & 3, Wisma Sumber Asli No.25
Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4
Federal Government Administrative Center
62574 Putrajaya
Tel : 03-8871 2000 / 2200
Fax : 03-8888 9987 / 03 - 8889 1040

www.doe.gov.my

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment & Climate Change (MESTECC)
Department of Environment, Malaysia

Copyright 2018 DOE

This Publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for
educational or non-profit purpose without special permission from the copyright
holder; provided acknowledgement of the source is made and a copy is sent to
the Department of Environment. No use of this publication may be made for
resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in
writing from the Department of Environment.

ISBN 978-983-3895-70-0

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Department of Environment (DOE) would like to express our gratitude to all the
government agencies (GAs), both at the Federal and State level, the local authorities,
planners, developers, consultants, statutory consulters and non-governmental
organisations (NGOs) in providing their input and information for the development of this
Guidelines.

The Department is also grateful to all DOE staff for their efforts and passion in steering
the development of this project into reality.

Finally, we wish to acknowledge all stakeholders for their great contribution in the
development of this Guidelines.
 PREFACE

This Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Land Reclamation and

Dredging is prepared following the latest requirements in the Environmental Quality
(Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015, of the
Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974 (Act 127).

The guidelines shall be read and referred together with the Environmental Impact
Assessment Guideline in Malaysia (EGIM) (DOE, 2016). Compliance with the
requirements set out in this Guidelines and the EGIM will fulfil the obligations of the
Project Proponent as stated undersection 34A (2C) of the EQA 1974.

The Department of Environment (DOE) has rationalised the EIA process to make it
more reflective of the scope, functions and visions of the Department in line with its
Environment Strategic Plan, with a focus on Environmental Mainstreaming Tools (EMT)
to achieve Self-Regulation.

The guidelines are specifically prepared to guide the Project Proponent and EIA
Consultant to prepare an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for land reclamation
and dredging activities that is subjected to the following prescribed activities listed in the
Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order
2015.

Land Reclamation and Dredging activities are normally carried out on waterbodies such
as the coast and river. Marine ecology and coastal areas comprise of diverse habitats
(including mangrove ecosystem), therefore any disturbance to them could lead to
environmental deterioration. Coastal areas are very dynamic systems, influenced by
hydrodynamic marine processes such as waves, currents, tides, wind, coastal drifts,
erosion and accretion process. These may be affected when land reclamation and
dredging works are carried out at the project site, where in certain cases piles,
breakwater, jetties and other structures are constructed as part of the land reclamation
and dredging works. Therefore any development which involves land reclamation and
dredging must be properly planned and proper mitigating measures shall be put in place
to minimise any adverse impacts on the environment.
This Guidelines is intended to be a reference tool and shall assist the Project Proponent
and EIA Consultant to identify appropriate stakeholders and Government Agencies to
be engaged prior to carrying out any land reclamation and dredging activities.
Adherence to Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS) as well as PLANMalaysia existing
guidelines and any other government agencies requirements and to this EIA Guidelines
on Land Reclamation and Dredging will ensure that impacting activities can be properly
planned and implemented with minimal adverse impacts.

Stakeholders’ engagement shall be an avenue to gauge their concerns, identify the

main issues and to propose applicable effective mitigating measures. The EIA process
will provide adequate mechanisms to enable the general public access to contribute
their views and comments. Their recommendations will be taken into account in the EIA
and by the EIA Technical Review Committee (EIATRC) to ensure sustainable
development is carried out.

The Guidelines shall only be used within the framework of the EQA 1974 including its
future updates, and its subsidiary regulations. It will be further updated as and when
deemed necessary by the Director General of Environmental Quality.

The DOE wishes to express its appreciation to all users for using the Guideline in the
spirit of protecting our marine coastal resources.

(DATO’ DR. HAJI AHMAD KAMARULNAJUIB BIN CHE IBRAHIM)

Director General of Environmental Quality
Malaysia
 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING TOC

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR

LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
PREFACE
TABLE OF CONTENTS i

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS 3
1.2.1 Definition of Land Reclamation 4
1.2.2 Coastal Reclamation or Land Reclamation 5
1.2.3 River 5
1.2.4 Shoreline 5
1.3 COASTAL PROTECTION OR COASTAL DEFENCE 6
1.3.1 Coastal Erosion Control Measures 6
1.3.2 Tidal Wave Inundation Mitigation Measures 6
1.3.3 Shoreline Restoration Measures 6
1.4 EIA DEVELOPMENT 6
1.5 GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES 7
1.6 APPLICABILITY OF THE GUIDELINES 8
1.7 OVERVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS 8

CHAPTER 2 ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT PLANNING 12

2.1 EIA PROCESS 12

2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS 12
2.3 POLICY AND GUIDELINES COMPLIANCE 13
2.3.1 Policy and Legal Requirement as Listed in the EIA 13
For Land Reclamation and Dredging Activities
2.3.2 Integration of Environmental Compliance into 24
Project Planning
2.3.3 Project Brief 25
2.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT 25
2.4.1 Identification of Stakeholders 26
2.4.2 Methods in Engagement 28
2.4.3 Documentation and Reporting 28

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PAGE

CHAPTER 3 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 29

3.1 INTRODUCTION 29
3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING PROCEDURES 29
3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING 29
3.4 SITE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT 31
3.5 STUDY BOUNDARY 31
3.6 BASELINE DATA REVIEW 34
3.7 DETERMINATION OF KEY PROJECT ACTIVITIES 34
3.8 IDENTIFICATION OF SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND 39
PRIORITY SETTING
3.8.1 Selection of Method 39
3.8.2 Key Issues Related to Land Reclamation and 40
Dredging Projects
3.8.3 Determining EIA Study Requirements 41
3.9 SELECTION OF MITIGATION MEASURES 43
3.10 PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION OF TOR/ESI 43
3.10.1 TOR Table of Content (TOC) 43
3.10.2 TOR Adequacy Check (TORAC) Process 44
3.11 TYPICAL FLOWCHARTS OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES 44

CHAPTER 4 BASELINE DATA 47

4.1 INTRODUCTION 47
4.2 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS 47
4.3 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION 51
4.4 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION 51

CHAPTER 5 EVALUATION OF IMPACTS 52

5.1 INTRODUCTION 52
5.2 PREDICTION AND EVALUATION OF IMPACTS 52
5.2.1 Impacts of Reclamation during Investigation Stage 53
5.3 TYPICAL LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING ACTIVITIES 63
5.4 PREDICTIVE METHODS AND TOOLS 66
5.5 OUTCOMES FROM ASSESSMENT 70

CHAPTER 6 MITIGATION MEASURES 74

6.1 INTRODUCTION 74
6.2 PRINCIPLES OF ADOPTION OF P2M2 74

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PAGE

6.3 BMPs ON TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE FOR 76

LAND RECLAMATION WORKS
6.3.1 Detailed Construction Sequence 76
6.4 APPROACHES TOWARDS P2M2 ADOPTION 84
6.4.1 General P2M2s and BMPs 84
6.4.2 LD-P2M2 85
6.4.3 LD-P2M2 Principles 86
6.4.4 Standard Requirements for Submission 86

CHAPTER 7 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 89

7.1 INTRODUCTION 89
7.2 EMP FRAMEWORK 89
7.3 SELF-REGULATION 90
7.3.1 Environmental Policy 92
7.3.2 Environmental Budgeting 92
7.3.3 Environmental Monitoring Committee 92
7.3.4 Environmental Facility 94
7.3.5 Environmental Competency 94
7.3.6 Environmental Reporting and Communication 95
7.3.7 Environmental Transparency 96
7.4 MONITORING AND AUDIT PROGRAMME 96
7.4.1 Monitoring Category 96
7.4.2 Monitoring Methodology 97
7.4.3 Environmental Audit 97

CHAPTER 8 REPORTING AND REVIEW 100

8.1 INTRODUCTION 100

8.1.1 EIA Report 100
8.1.2 EIA Report Format 100
8.1.3 Executive Summary 102
8.1.4 Data Deliverables 103
8.2 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND PUBLIC DISPLAY 103
8.3 EIA REPORT AND SUBMISSION AND REVIEW PROCESS 104
8.4 EIA REPORT EVALUATION CRITERIA 105

REFERENCES R-1
GLOSSARY G-1

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LIST OF TABLES
Page

Table 2.3.1 Acts, Policy Documents and Guidelines Related to Land 14

Reclamation and Dredging Activities
Table 2.3.2 ESA Framework for Peninsular Malaysia (Coastal Areas) 23
Table 2.4.1 List of Possible Stakeholders 26
Table 3.6.1 Baseline Requirements for Environmental Scoping 32
Table 3.7.1 List of Typical Project Activities with Issues of Concern during 34
Pre-Construction Phase
Table 3.7.2 List of Typical Project Activities with Issues of Concern during 35
Construction Phase
Table 3.7.3 List of Typical Project Activities with Issues of Concern during 38
Operational and Closure/Exit Phases
Table 3.8.1 Study Areas for the EIA 42
Table 4.2.1 Environmental Baseline Scope and Requirements 48
Table 5.2.1 Typical Issues and Impacts during Investigation Stage 53
Table 5.2.2 Typical Issues and Impacts during Site Preparation and 55
Development Stage
Table 5.2.3 Typical Issues and Impacts during Operation Stage 61
Table 5.2.4 Typical Issues and Impacts during and after Rehabilitation and 62
Abandonment Stage
Table 5.4.1 Examples of Prediction Methods for Environmental Impacts 67
Table 5.5.1 Criteria and Standards for Environmental Parameters 71
Table 6.4.1 Standard Requirements for the LD-P2M2 Submission 88
Table 7.4.1 Proposed Environmental Monitoring Parameters for Land 99
Reclamation and Dredging
Table 8.1.1 Recommended Project Description in EIA Report 101
Table 8.3.1 Comparison of Submission and Review Process for First and 105
Second Schedule EIA
Table 8.4.1 Self-Assessment Tool for EIA Report Quality Control 106

LIST OF FIGURES
Page

Figure 1.2.1 Coastal Boundary Limit 5

Figure 3.11.1 Reclamation Activities Process Flowchart 45
Figure 3.11.2 Dredging Activities Process Flowchart 46
Figure 5.3.1 Examples of BMPs for Land Reclamation and Dredging Activities 64
Figure 6.3.1 Typical Construction Sequence for Land Reclamation Works 76
Figure 6.3.2 Example of Site Access and Hoarding 77
Figure 6.3.3 Example of Temporary Jetty for Land Reclamation Works 77
Figure 6.3.4 Example of Site Office and Workers Base Camp 78
Figure 6.3.5 Example of Skid Tank with Containment Tray 78

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Page

Figure 6.3.6 Example of Temporary Bench Mark 79

Figure 6.3.7 Example of Installed Silt Curtain prior to Land Reclamation Works 80
Figure 6.3.8 Sand Filling Works using Conveyor Belt from TSHD 80
Figure 6.3.9 Construction of Sand Containment Bund using Flat Top Barge 81
and Excavator
Figure 6.3.10 Typical Construction Sequence of Rock Containment Bund 81
Figure 6.3.11 Ground Treatment Works using PVD System 82
Figure 6.3.12 Offshore PVD Works 82
Figure 6.3.13 Surcharge of Land Reclamation Area 83
Figure 6.3.14 Example of Rock Revetment Construction Works 84
Figure 7.3.1 Environmental Mainstreaming Tool 91

LIST OF APPENDICES
Page

Appendix 1 National Water Quality Standards Malaysia A1-1

Appendix 2 Recommended Noise Limits A2-1
Appendix 3 Recommended Vibrations Limits A3-1
Appendix 4 Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standards (MAAQS) A4-1
Appendix 5 Example of Environmental Scoping Matrix A5-1
Appendix 6 Environmental Sustainability Report in Palm Oil Industry A6-1

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ABBREVIATIONS

AI Appointed Individuals
AN Ammoniacal Nitrogen
APCS Air Pollution Control Systems
BAT Best Available Technologies
BATNEEC Best Available Technology Not Entailing Excessive Costs
BMP Best Management Practices
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
BQ Bill of Quantities
C&D Construction and demolition
CAR Corrective Action Report
CESA Coastal Environmentally Sensitive Area
CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora
CM Compliance Monitoring
COA Conditions of Approval
DG Director General
DID Department of Irrigation and Drainage/Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran
DO Dissolved Oxygen/Development Order
DOE Department of Environment/Jabatan Alam Sekitar
DOF Department of Fisheries/Jabatan Perikanan
DOSH Department of Occupational Safety and Health/Jabatan Keselamatan dan
Kesihatan Pekerja
EB Environmental Budget
EC Environmental Competency
EF Environmental Facility
e.g. Example
EGIM Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline in Malaysia
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EIATRC Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Review Committee
EM Environmental Mainstreaming
EMC Environmental Monitoring Committee
EMCR Environmental Monitoring Compliance Report
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMR Environmental Monitoring Report
EMT Environmental Mainstreaming Tools
EO Environmental Officer
EP Environmental Policy
EPD Environmental Protection Department
EPMC Environmental Performance Monitoring Committee
EQA Environmental Quality Act
EQR Environmental Quality Report
ERCMC Environmental Regulatory Compliance Monitoring Committee
ERP Emergency Response Plan

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING TOC

ESA Environmentally Sensitive Areas

ESC Erosion ad Sediment Control
ESCP Erosion and Sediment Control Plan
ESI Environmental Scoping Information
ESM Environmental Scoping Matrix
ET Environmental Transparency
etc. Et cetera
FGD Focal Group Discussions
FIA Fisheries Impact Assessment
GAs Government Agencies
GIS Geographic Information System
GTM Geological Terrain Mapping
HIA Health Impact Assessment
HQ Headquarters
HRA Health Risk Assessment
i.e. id est
IETS Industrial Effluent Treatment Systems
ILO International Labour Organisation
IM Impact Monitoring
ISMP Integrated Shoreline Management Plan
IWK Indah Water Konsortium
JAKOA Jabatan Kemajuan Orang Asli Malaysia
JKPTG Department of Director General of Lands and Mines/Jabatan Ketua
Pengarah Tanah dan Galian
JKR Public Works Department/Jabatan Kerja Raya
JMG Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia/Jabatan Mineral dan
Geosains
JPBD/ Department of Town and Country Planning/Jabatan Perancangan Bandar
PLANMalaysia dan Desa
JPSM Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia/Jabatan Perhutanan
Semenanjung Malaysia
JPSPN National Solid Waste Management Department/Jabatan Pengurusan Sisa
Pepejal Negara
KD Kemampanan Spatial dan Daya Tahan Terhadap Perubahan Iklim
KPKT Ministry of Urban Wellbeing, Housing and Local
Government/Kementerian
Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan
KSAS Kawasan Sensitif Alam Sekitar
L10 Ten percentile level
L50 Fifty percentile level
L90 Ninety percentile level
LAC Limit of Acceptable Change
LAeq Equivalent A-Weighted Continuous Sound Level
LCP Laporan Cadangan Pemaju
LD-P2M2 Land Disturbing Pollution Prevention and Mitigation Measures
LMAX Maximum A-Weighted Continuous Sound Level
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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING TOC

LMIN Minimum A-Weighted Continuous Sound Level

LOS Level of Service
MAAQS Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Standards
MARPOL The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships
MESTECC Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment & Climate Change
METMalaysia Malaysian Meteorological Department/Jabatan Meteorologi Malaysia
MMWQCS Malaysia Marine Water Quality Criteria and Standard
MOH Ministry of Health/Kementerian Kesihatan
MOM Minutes of Meeting
MPFN National Physical Planning Council/Majlis Perancang Fizikal Negara
MSL Mean Sea Level
MSMA-2 Manual Saliran Mesra Alam Edisi-2
MUSLE Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation
MWQI Marine Water Quality Index
NGO Non-governmental Organisations
NLC National Land Code
NPCZP National Physical Coastal Zone Plan
NPP-CZ National Physical Plan-Coastal Zone
NPP-2 National Physical Plan-2
NPP-3 National Physical Plan-3
NRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment/Kementerian Sumber
Asli dan Alam Sekitar
NREB National Resources and Environment Board
NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units
NWQS National Water Quality Standards of Malaysia
O&G Oil and Grease
OSC One-Stop Centre
PE Population Equivalent
P2M2 Pollution Prevention and Mitigation Measures
PBT Local Authorities/Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan
PD Pertumbuhan Dinamik Bandar dan Luar Bandar
PERHILITAN Department of Wildlife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia/Jabatan
Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara Semenanjung Malaysia
PM Performance Monitoring
PM10 Particulate Matter 10 micrometres or less in diameter
PM2.5 Particulate Matter 2.5 micrometres or less in diameter
PTD Land and District Office/Pejabat Tanah dan Daerah
PTG Land and Minerals Office/Pejabat Tanah dan Galian
PVD Prefabricated Vertical Drain System
Q&A Questions and Answers
RAC Report Adequacy Check
RFZPPN Rancangan Fizikal Zon Persisiran Pantai Negara
ROD River Oxygen Demand
ROW Right of Way
RQSAT Report Quality Self-Assessment Tool
RUSLE Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation
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SAMM Skim Akreditasi Makmal Malaysia

SAP Special Area Plans
SI Soil Investigation
SIA Social Impact Assessment
SIDRA Signalised and Unsignalised Intersection Design and Research Aid
SMA Special Management Areas
SPAN National Water Commission of Malaysia/Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Air
Negara
SPC State Planning Committee
SR Self-Regulation
SS Suspended Solids
SSA Site Sustainability Assessment
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
STS Sewage Treatment Systems
SWMM Storm Water Management Model
TCPA Town and Country Planning Act
TIA Traffic Impact Assessment
TNB Tenaga Nasional Berhad
TOC Table of Contents
TOR Terms of Reference
TORAC Terms of Reference Adequacy Check
TRC Technical Review Committee
TSHD Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger
TSS Total Suspended Solids
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UPEN State Economic Planning Unit/Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri
WIPs Water Intake Points
WQI Water Quality Index
WTP Water Treatment Plants
WWF World Wildlife Fund for Nature
ZOI Zone of Impact
ZOS Zone of Study

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The guidelines shall be entitled ‘Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

Guidelines for Land Reclamation and Dredging’ (hereinafter referred to as
the ‘Guidelines’) is prepared to take into account the latest requirements in the
Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact
Assessment) Order 2015, of the Environmental Quality Act (EQA) 1974 (Act
127).

The Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact

Assessment) Order 2015 came into force on 28 August 2015, which is now
divided into the First Schedule (21 Prescribed Activities) and Second
Schedule (17 Prescribed Activities).

The Department of Environment (DOE) has rationalised the EIA process to

make it more reflective of the scope, functions and visions of the Department in
line with its Environment Strategic Plan, with a focus on Environmental
Mainstreaming Tools (EMT) to achieve Self-Regulation (SR).

Guidelines for Land Reclamation and Dredging shall be read and referred to
together with the Environmental Impact Assessment Guideline in Malaysia
(EGIM) (DOE, 2016). Compliance with the requirements set out in this
Guidelines and the EGIM will fulfil the obligations of the Project Proponent as
stated under Section 34A (2C) of the EQA 1974.

The EIA Guidelines for Land Reclamation and Dredging shall cover the
following prescribed activities:

First Schedule Second Schedule

7. LAND RECLAMATION 7. LAND RECLAMATION
Coastal reclamation or land (a) Coastal reclamation or land
reclamation along river banks reclamation along river banks
involving an area of less than 50 involving an area of 50 hectares or
1
hectares . more1.
(b) Coastal reclamation or land
reclamation along river banks
within or adjacent or near to
environmentally sensitive areas2.
(c) Reclamation for man-made
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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

island3.
First Schedule Activity 7(a) and Second Schedule 2 Activity 7(a)
Note1 -indicates that coastal protection, coastal defence and beach
nourishment works are excluded from First Schedule Activity 7 and Second
Schedule Activity 7 due to its nature of activity which is as mitigation against
adverse impacts.

Second Schedule Activity 7(b)

Note2 -indicates that for coastal reclamation or land reclamation along river
banks within or adjacent or near to environmentally sensitive areas need to
include the buffer distance showed in any State Structure Plan and District
Local Plan.

National Physical Plan -3 2010 defines Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA)

in reference to a particular area that is sensitive to any forms of alteration to its
ecosystem due to natural processes or activities within or around it, either
directly or indirectly. The level of ESA’s sensitivity is determined based on
integration of three features namely elements of disaster risk function, value of
living support and value of the heritage and treasure of the area. *The category
of ESA and its location needs to be referred to the National Physical Plan
(NPP-3).

Determination of the ESA shall be adopted from the definition set forth in the
NPP-3 which has categorised the ESA into three (3) Ranks i.e. ESA Rank 1,
ESA Rank 2 and ESA Rank 3.

Based on Schedule 2, item 7(b) Land Reclamation – Coastal reclamation or

land reclamation along river banks within or adjacent or near environmentally
sensitive areas, the following quantum can be applied to ascertain the definition
of adjacent or near. However thorough modelling and impact assessment
should also be carried out to ensure that the land reclamation and dredging
activities shall not cause adverse impacts to the nearest receptors.
Definition of the following terms shall be applicable:

(a) Within – inside of ESA of Ranks 1, 2 or Rank 3.

(b) Near – sharing a common boundary with ESA of Rank 1, 2 or 3.
(c) Adjacent – Project Site is within 500m radius of ESA of Rank 1, 2 or 3.

Second Schedule Activity 7(c)

Note3 –indicates that all reclamation activities that involve sand dredging on the
coast and river shall adhere to the Garis Panduan Perancangan Pemulihan dan
Pembangunan Kawasan Sensitif Alam Sekitar Persisiran Pantai.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

This Guidelines for Land Reclamation and Dredging shall also cover the
following prescribed activities:

First Schedule Second Schedule

15. DREDGING 15. DREDGING
4
(a) Capital Dredging . None
5
(b) Disposal of waste dredged materials .

First Schedule Activity 15(a)

Note4 – indicates that Capital dredging can be treated as works carried out to
create a new harbour, berth or waterway, or to deepen existing facilities in order
to allow larger vessels to access. Capital works usually involves hard material
or high volume works. The work is usually done using cutter suction dredge or
large trailing suction hopper dredge or any other dredges; but for rock work,
drilling and blasting along with mechanical excavation may be used. (Source:
DOE 2018). Dredging works also refer to activities associated with reclamation,
river bed deepening and dredging activities prior to any Prescribed Activity
being implemented.

First Schedule Activity 15(b)

Note5 – indicates that Dredged materials encompasses of sediments, soils and
rocks excavated underwater for the purposes of providing or maintaining
channels, ports and waterways or generated during the construction of port or
waterway facilities (e.g. berthing facilities, turning basins) in support of
maritime-borne commerce, fishing fleets and naval defence.
Source: Davis, John D.; MacKnight, Scott; International Maritime Organization. 1990.
Environmental considerations for port and harbor developments. World Bank technical
paper ; no. WTP 126. Washington, D.C. : The World Bank.

For a project that involves more than one prescribed activity, the EIA shall
incorporate all key issues inherent in all relevant prescribed activities of the
project. If one of them falls under the Second Schedule, then the project is to
fall under the requirements of the Second Schedule.

1.2 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

The proposed terms and definitions that will be adopted in the guideline is
based on any interpretation and relevant documents published or to be
published by DOE and other related government agencies, registered bodies
and institutions. The legal definitions and interpretations shall be based on the
Interpretation Acts 1948 and 1967 (Act 388).

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

The common terms and definition adopted for the EIA Guideline for Land
Reclamation and Dredging is provided in the following subsections.

1.2.1 Definition of Land Reclamation

Land reclamation is the creation of artificial land within the coastal area.
Coastal land reclamation or usually known as reclamation, and it is the process
of creating a new vacant land from sea or riverbeds. The land reclamation
provides a good solution and well managed in terms of physical, social and
economic development in fulfilling human needs. Land reclamation provides an
opportunity to expand the land for human benefits in a variety of purposes.

Source : Coastal Land Reclamation: Implication towards development

control system in West Malaysia Mohammad Yusup *, Ahmad Fuzi
Arshad, Yusfida Ayu Abdullah, Nor Syafa’ah Ishak Centre of Studies for
Town and Regional Planning, Universiti Teknologi MARA.

Purposes of Land Reclamation

(a) To provide residential area and commercial or mix development, made to

meet the demand for development and reduce population pressure.

(b) Tools to attract foreign investment towards economic viability (e.g.: states
like Melaka and Penang).

(c) To lighten the burden of government providing public facilities and

infrastructures to accommodate public needs through the privatisation
process.

(d) Providing new vacant land so development process is easy to deal with
compared to development on the mainland.

(e) To improve coastal stability by improving the hydraulic conditions and

rearranging the coastline.

(f) The purpose of the reclamation should also refer to the requirements of
the Town and Country Planning Act (Amendment 2017).

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

1.2.2 Coastal Reclamation or Land Reclamation

According to the British Standard Institute (BS 6349-5-1991) land reclamation is

defined as, the exclusion of the sea, or other mass of water, from areas that
were previously submerged, or subjected to inundation, by rising of land levels
primarily using materials recovered by dredging processes.

1.2.3 River

According to the Water Act 1920, river includes:

(a) A tributary of a river and any other stream or natural water course.

(b) Any canal declared by the State Authority of the State in which such canal
is situated by notification in the Gazette to be subjected to this Act.

1.2.4 Shoreline

The line where shore and water meet. Although the terminology of coasts and
shores is rather confusing, shoreline and coastline are generally used as
synonymous. Figure 1.2.1 shows the illustration of coastal boundaries.

Figure 1.2.1: Coastal Boundary Limit

Source: Adapted mainly from ‘USACE, 2002’

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

1.3 COASTAL PROTECTION OR COASTAL DEFENCE

According to the DID Manual Volume 3 – Coastal Management, there are

three different coastal protection or coastal defence definitions are used:

1.3.1 Coastal Erosion Control Measures

Measures aimed at protecting the coast against coastline retreat, thus

protecting housing, infrastructure, the coast and the hinterland from erosion
often at the expense of losing the beach and the dynamic coastal landscape.
The measures often consist of hard structure such as revetments or groynes.

1.3.2 Tidal Wave Inundation Mitigation Measures

Measures aiming at protecting low-lying coast and coastal hinterland against

flooding caused by the combined effect of storm surge and extreme
astronomical tides. The measures often consist of dikes or seawalls of some
kind, or in the form of artificial dunes.

1.3.3 Shore Restoration Measures

Measures aiming at protecting, preserving or restoring the shore and the

dynamic coastal landscape and vegetation as well as protecting against
coastline retreat to the extent possible.

1.4 EIA DEVELOPMENT

The EIA process entails studies to identify, predict, evaluate and quantify the
impacts (both beneficial and adverse) on the environment of a proposed project
or development and to communicate the said information to those concerned.

The benefit of having an EIA is to facilitate decision-making for both the DOE
and the Project Proponent from an environmental perspective.

The EIA report shall assist the stakeholders in identifying the significant
environmental impacts; appropriate abatement and mitigating measures;
programmes for monitoring environmental compliance; within the development
plan prior to and/or during project implementation.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

1.5 GUIDELINES OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the Guidelines are to:

(a) To provide an understanding of the EIA procedures, preparation, and

submission of the EIA Report for review and approval.

(b) To integrate and establish procedures to aid in evaluation for

implementation of EIA studies involving land reclamation and dredging
projects in Malaysia.

(c) Provide clear and concise guidance on EIA project planning and
preparation to the stakeholders, Project Proponents, Qualified Persons
(i.e. DOE-registered Environmental Consultants), Government Agencies
(GAs), Enforcement Officers and other EIA-related practitioners.

(d) Provide compliance to mandatory requirements for environmentally

acceptable land reclamation and dredging activity allowed by the
authority within its jurisdiction;

(e) Facilitate integration of the EIA into the overall project planning and
development cycle in order to ensure compliance with and adherence to
the legal environmental requirements and the framework on
environmental sustainability.

(f) Provide a detailed step-by-step guidance with explanation of the various

EIA procedures and submissions, comprising:

(i) Environmental Scoping Information (ESI).

(ii) Terms of Reference (TOR).
(iii) EIA Reporting.

(g) Clearly define the scope of the EIA with a focus on the significant
environmental issues relevant to the DOE’s three functional areas (water,
air and wastes), whilst also taking into consideration the environmental
requirements by other authorities or agencies, to facilitate overall
decision-making and project approval.

(h) Provide a clear framework for DOE to assess and approve the EIA
reports.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

1.6 APPLICABILITY OF THE GUIDELINES

The proposed guidelines are specifically prepared to guide the Qualified Person
or Project Proponent to prepare an EIA and EIA reporting for land reclamation
and dredging activities that subjected to the following prescribed activities listed
in the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact
Assessment) Order 2015:

(i) First Schedule Activity 7: Land Reclamation

Coastal reclamation or land reclamation along river banks involving an

area of less than 50 hectares.

(ii) First Schedule Activity 15: Dredging

(a) Capital dredging.

(b) Disposal of waste dredged materials.

(iii) Second Schedule Activity 7: Land Reclamation

(a) Coastal reclamation or land reclamation along river banks

involving an area of 50 hectares or more.

(b) Coastal reclamation or land reclamation along river banks within or

adjacent or near to environmentally sensitive areas.

(c) Reclamation for man-made island.

The prescribed activities mentioned above shall not apply to the State of
Sabah and Sarawak, where both states are subjected to separate state
legislations and requirements.

1.7 OVERVIEW OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS

The following presents the step-by-step guide of the environmental assessment:

Step 1: Provide the Project Brief

(a) The Project Proponent must provide the basic information to enable the
Qualified Person to understand and carry out an initial assessment.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

(b) This is to assist in determining which prescribed activity the project falls
under (First or Second Schedule) based on the Environmental Quality
(Prescribed Activity) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015.

Step 2: Identify the Legal Requirements

During the Environmental Screening Process, the Qualified Person shall identify
the legal requirements of the project based on the information provided by the
Project Proponent.

Step 3: Check if the Project Aligns to Existing Policies and Guidelines

The Project Proponent is required to clear all policy matters related to the
project prior to submitting the EIA report.

Step 4: Carry out Preliminary Stakeholder Engagement

(a) Early on in the EIA process, the Project Proponent and the Qualified
Person shall engage with the DOE (via the designated officer in charge)
and the relevant GAs to determine the requirements to be included in the
TOR.

(b) The Qualified Person can also engage with other relevant stakeholders
to obtain site information and data for the scoping.

Step 5: Preparation of the TOR and ESI

(a) Upon determining that the project requires either a First or Second
Schedule EIA, the Environmental Scoping Information (ESI) and TOR
must be prepared.

(b) The Qualified Person shall obtain secondary data to assist in the
Environmental Scoping. At this point of the study, qualitative data is
sufficient for scoping of significant impacts for the TOR.

(c) Relevant information required for the TOR that the Qualified Person is
required to furnish includes:

(i) Site Suitability Assessment (SSA).

(ii) Determination of the study boundary.
(iii) Overview of baseline data.
(iv) Identification of key project activities.
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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

(v) Identification of significant impacts and priority setting.

(vi) Selection of mitigation measures.

Step 6: Preparation and Submission of the TOR

(a) The Qualified Person shall review all data obtained during scoping to
prepare the TOR report based on DOE requirements in the EGIM (DOE,
2016).

(b) The report shall be submitted to DOE State/HQ for review and
endorsement.

Step 7: Baseline Data Collection for EIA

After the TOR endorsement, baseline data collection, either primary or

secondary data, shall be carried out to obtain detailed information of the existing
environment of the project site and its surroundings.

Step 8: Completion of EIA Report

(a) The major studies and components of the EIA report shall cover the
following:

(i) Identify and predict the significant environmental issues and

impacts.

(ii) Carry out the detailed environmental assessment on the most

significant issues only.

(iii) Identify the suitable pollution prevention and mitigation measures

(P2M2s) to minimise any negative impacts arising from the
development of the projects.

(iv) Provide the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) framework in

line with the SR concept.

(b) Details can be referred to in Chapters 5 – 7.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 1

Step 9: Preparing EIA Report

(a) All assessments and findings must be included in the EIA report. Take
note that the results of studies required by other GAs must be
incorporated into the EIA report but not to append the individual reports.
These reports must however be reviewed and approved by the
respective GAs.

(b) The format of the EIA report is detailed in Chapter 8.

Step 10: Stakeholder Engagement

(a) During preparation of the EIA report, the Project Proponent and Qualified
Person shall undertake an engagement with the relevant stakeholders
(those who will be affected by the project, e.g. communities or
institutions, businesses, etc.).

(b) The objective is to brief these stakeholders about the project, what it
entails, the potential environmental issues, and the proposed P2M2s,
with the aim to seek their thoughts and feedback. All findings from the
stakeholders’ engagement shall be incorporated into the EIA report.

Step 11: EIA Submission and Public Display

(a) The EIA report shall be submitted to DOE State/HQ for review.

(b) The Qualified Person shall note the difference in requirements for a First
Schedule and Second Schedule EIA and follow the required procedures.

(c) The major difference to note is that the Second Schedule EIA shall
require a public display of the EIA for the public to provide comments and
feedback within the review period to DOE HQ.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 2
ENVIRONMENTAL PROJECT PLANNING

2.1 EIA PROCESS

EIA is an integral part of the overall integrated project planning, which can
provide benefits and value to any project. It is a tool to evaluate the potential
impacts arising from a proposed project based on the physico-chemical,
ecological and human components of the environment.

It identifies the key areas of environmental concerns for consideration during

the project planning stage, and provides a means to decide on the types of
mitigation measures to avert or minimise the adverse impacts at an early stage.

A summary of the EIA process is shown in EGIM 2016.

2.2 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS

The EQA 1974 (Act 127) is the main legislation governing environmental
management in Malaysia.

Amendments to this main legislation and new subsidiary legislations or

regulations may be enacted from time to time, pertinent and relevant to
changing circumstances. The regulations made under any previous legislations
thereof, will then need to be amended and/or updated; or new regulations may
be proposed when new environmental policies are adopted by the DOE to
protect the environment.

The DOE under the Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment &
Climate Change (MESTECC) is the main agency tasked to implement the EQA
1974 (Act 127). It has overall functions and responsibilities on the
environmental management and enforcement as prescribed under the said
legislation and its subsidiary legislations and regulations.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

2.3 POLICY AND GUIDELINES COMPLIANCE

2.3.1 Policy and legal requirement as listed in the EIA for Land Reclamation and
Dredging Activities

Policy and legal requirement as listed in the EIA for Coastal and Reclamation
Activities are:

(a) National Physical Plan, 2016 (NPP-3)

(b) Environmental Quality Order (Prescribed Activities) Environmental
Impact Assessment) 2015
(c) Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005
(d) Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 2014
(e) Environmental Quality (Sewage) Regulations 2009
(f) Town and Country Planning Act (TCPA) 1976 (Act 172) and its
Amendments

Other documents proposed to be guidance are the following Guidelines:

(a) Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines in Malaysia (EGIM), 2016

(b) Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines for Coastal and Land
Reclamation Activities, 2017
(c) Guidelines of Erosion Control for Development Projects in the Coastal
Zone 1/97
(d) Guidelines for Preparation of Coastal Engineering Hydraulic Study and
Impact Evaluation (DID), December 2001
(e) Garis Panduan dan Piawaian Perancangan Kawasan Pantai (JPBD
6/2000)
(f) Rancangan Fizikal Zon Persisiran Pantai Negara (PLANMalaysia, 2012)
(g) Draft Fisheries Impact Assessment (FIA) Guidance Document For
Coastal Reclamation Activities Version 2 updated 29 March 2018
(h) Draft Fisheries Impact Assessment (FIA) Guidance Document For
Dredging Activities Version 2 updated 29 March 2018
(i) State Structure and Local Plans

Existing legal provisions and policies on new guidelines are outlined as

according to activities are as listed in Table 2.3.1 and Table 2.3.2.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Table 2.3.1: Acts, Policy Documents and Guidelines Related to Land

Reclamation and Dredging Activities
Acts, Policy
Documents and Aspects of Control
Guidelines
Legal Documents
National Land • Reclamation and dredging are both related activities
Code (NLC), 1965 either on land along river banks or coastal areas.
Section 5 of the NLC states that LAND includes:
• The surface of the earth and all substances forming
that surface.
• The earth below the surface and all substances
therein.
• All vegetation and other natural products, whether or
not requiring the periodical application of labour
to their production and whether on or below the
surface.
• All things attached to the earth or permanently
fastened to anything attached to the earth, whether
on or below the surface.
• Land covered by water.

Land Acquisition • Part II of the Act states that on acquisition of land

Act 1960 (Act (including reclamation land), The State Authority may
486) acquire any land which is needed for any public
purpose; by any person or corporation for any purpose
which in the opinion of the State Authority is beneficial
to the economic development of Malaysia and for the
purpose of mining or for residential, agricultural,
commercial, industrial or recreational purposes or any
combination of such purposes.

• The State Economic Planning Unit of the state shall

consider the application either it is in the public interest.

• In approving the acquisition of a reclaimed land, the

land to be reclaimed has to be properly surveyed and
demarcated (Section 5 Act 486).

• The person/party that acquires the land is awarded land

only as demarcated and can only develop within the
demarcated boundary.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Acts, Policy
Documents and Aspects of Control
Guidelines
Legal Documents
• Any earthworks and development beyond the awarded
piece boundary (including for buffer and structural
measures) is considered as encroachment into/unlawful
occupation of state/federal land and this is against
Section 48 and 425 of the NLC.
Waters Act P920 • Prohibition 5(1) specifies that NO person shall in any
(Act 418) manner obstruct or interfere with any river; build any
bridge, jetty, or landing stage (other than a bath-house)
over or beside any river at a point where the width of
such river exceeds twenty feet and 5(2) states that
licences to do the above may be issued by the District
Officer.

• Reclamation activities at the river mouth or along the

coast needs to adhere to this provision.

Town and • “Development” in the Interpretation by the TCPA 1976

Country Planning is “The carrying out of any building, engineering,
Act (TCPA) 1976 mining, industrial or other similar operation in, on, or
(Act 172)
under land, the making of any material change in the
use of any land or building or any part thereof, or the
subdivision or amalgamation of lands: and “develop”
shall be construed accordingly”.

• Reclamation and dredging activities also falls under

“development” as according to the act as it is an activity
that fulfils the definition of “the making of any material
change in the use of any land”.

• In approving the acquisition of a reclaimed land, the

land to be reclaimed has to be properly surveyed and
demarcated (Section 5 Act 486).

• The person/party that is awarded land only as

demarcated and can only develop within the
demarcated boundary.

• Any earthworks and development beyond the awarded

piece boundary (including for buffer and structural
measures) is considered as encroachment into/unlawful
occupation of state/federal land and this is against
Section 48 and 425 of the NLC.
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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Acts, Policy
Documents and Aspects of Control
Guidelines
Legal Documents
National Physical • Matters referred by the State Government, including
Planning Council providing advice to the State Planning Committee on
(MPFN) applications for planning permission under Section 22
(A), Act 172, namely to:
• Development of a new township whose population
exceeds 10,000 or areas exceeding 100 hectares,
or both;
• Development for the construction of any
infrastructure / key facilities; and
• Development involves the peak/hill in the area
designated as environmentally sensitive areas.

• Any coastal reclamation planned has to be referred to

the MFPN for advice.

Planning Control- • In the TCPA 1976 (Act 172), the development control
Planning system is provided under Part IV of Act 172 which
Permission includes the Planning Permission.

Part IV Section 19 on Planning Control; Prohibition of

development without planning permission specifies
that No person, other than a local authority, shall
commence, undertake, or carry out any development
unless planning permission in respect of the
development has been granted. Any coastal
reclamation done without planning permission are
considered as against the legal provision of the act.
Planning Policy Documents
National Physical • The NPP-2 sets out the national long-term strategic
Plan (NPP) 2 (not spatial planning policies and measures needed to
applicable to implement them in respect to the general direction and
Sabah and
broad pattern of the land uses, biodiversity conservation
Sarawak)
and physical development in Peninsular Malaysia (NPP-
2).

• To ensure the consistency with the overall spatial

planning of the country, reclamation planning within the
Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak needs to make
reference to the document.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Acts, Policy
Documents and Aspects of Control
Guidelines
Planning Policy Documents
• National Physical Plan 2: Policy NPP24 states that:
“Sensitive coastal and marine ecosystems shall be
protected and managed in a sustainable manner”.

• Indicative Plan (IP) 17 of the policy state the following

measures:
“Coastal reclamation shall not be encouraged
except for the development of ports of strategic
national importance. Coastal reclamation shall not
be permitted in or adjacent to sensitive
ecosystems such as marine parks, mangroves,
mudflats, coral reefs, seagrass beds, turtle landing
sites and major tourism beaches”.

• All proposals involving coastal reclamation shall be

referred to the MPFN.

National Physical • NPP-3 specifies Core 1: Urban Dynamics and Rural

Plan 3 (NPP-3) Growth with Pertubuhan Dinamik Bandar dan Luar
Bandar (PD)1: Balanced Urban Growth and PD1.5
Strengthening Entrance Ports and Logistics Industry as
one of the measures. PD3: Improved Access and
Access states the measures as in PD3.3 Enhancing
Water Transport Services.

• The plan clearly promotes strengthening of ports and

water transport to serve as a catalyst for economic
development and growth for a city. These facilities will
promote agglomeration of nearby industrial and service
activities and enables the growth of logistics and tourism
industry. Therefore, dredging and reclamation, and
development of ports need to be in sustainable manner
so as to minimise adverse impacts on the environment.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Acts, Policy
Documents and Aspects of Control
Guidelines
Planning Policy Documents
• NPP-3 Core 2: Spatial Sustainability and Resilience to
Climate Change specifies Kemampanan Spatial dan
Daya Tahan Terhadap Perubuhan Iklim (KD)1:
Management Of Natural Resources, Food Sources And
Heritage Resources as the strategy. The measures
include KD1.2 Managing and Controlling Development
in ESA. This covers gazetting threatened habitats as a
protected area including wetlands, sea grass plains,
turtle landing sites and coral sites and to establish and
strengthen the implementation of land and marine
ecology corridors by Establishment of the Marine
Protection Area Network.

• Other related actions are:

• Action KD1.3A: Strengthen river basin management
include management of river reserves and
development along the river corridor.
• Action KD1.4B: Develop sustainable mineral
resource mining.

According to the ESA guidelines, new mining and

quarrying activities are not permitted except in the ESA
Level 3 managed area according to the guidelines
provided. However, for activities currently operating
within the Level 1 and 2 ESA areas, mining practices
using Best Available Technology Not Entailing
Excessive Costs (BATNEEC) should be implemented by
the developer.

• On KD2: Holistic Land Use Planning, a strategy KD2.2

Manage Natural Disaster Risk Area is outlined with the
following actions:
• Action KD2.2B Conserve the coastal area.
• Development Control in Coastal Areas.
• Conservation of Coastal Areas In Critical Situations.
• Controlling Reclamation and Reclamation Activities
in Coastal Areas.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Acts, Policy
Documents and Aspects of Control
Guidelines
Planning Policy Documents
• The later strategies states that the coastal zones need
to be preserved and conserved in order to avoid the loss
and degradation of natural habitats and increase of soil
erosion in coastal areas as a result of physical
development activities including reclamation and
reclamation activities. Hence, reclamation and land
reclamation activities need to be well planned and
controlled.

• For those purposes, any reclamation and reclamation

activities are not permitted, except where:
• The needs and benefits of such activities can be
clearly demonstrated in contributing significant
socioeconomic contributions at state and country
level (such as infrastructure development); and
• Does not affect the environment significantly.

• However, reclamation and land reclamation are not

permitted in the following areas:
• Mangrove forest areas and wetlands that have been
gazetted as protected areas.
• Environmental sensitive areas according to the
Planning Guidelines (refer to KD1.2).
• Conservation and Development of Coastal ESAs.
• Other recognized areas have high ecological, cultural
and economic value.
• Coastal Protection Zone that has been identified in
the NPP-3.

• In addition to meeting the existing development

requirements, any reclamation and land reclamation
activities should conduct studies taking into account the
following aspects:
• Impact on erosion and sedimentation along the
shores of the coast, namely through hydrological and
hydraulic engineering analysis of the coast.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Acts, Policy
Documents and Aspects of Control
Guidelines
Planning Policy Documents
• Impact on animal and plant population and natural
habitats.
• Impact of climate change, including sea level rise for a
period of not less than 100 years.
• The suitability of the design with the existing
shoreline.
• The use of unrefined reclamation material, which may
negatively impact natural coastal and ocean habitats.
• Availability of access to locals to coastal areas
(except for prohibited areas).
National Physical • NPP-CZ outlined 10 Strategies under five Themes have
Plan Coastal been formulated to guide the sustainable planning,
Zone (NPP-CZ) development and management of the coastal zone. Two
themes related directly to reclamation and dredging i.e.
Theme 3 and Theme 4 as follows:

• Theme 3: Sustainable Coastal Development

• Rancangan Fizikal Zon Persisiran Pantai Negara
(RFZPPN) 4: The development of coastal
settlements shall be planned to maximize socio-
economic benefits, in a form and scale that is
appropriate to safeguard sensitive coastal resources
and in is harmony with natural coastal processes.
• RFZPPN 5: Infrastructure development along the
coastline shall be planned and managed with strict
adherence to the principles of public good, avoidance
of harm to the natural environment and minimization
of disruption to natural coastal processes.

• Theme 4 is on Wise Use Of Coastal Resources. Under

this theme two strategies drawn related directly to
dredging and reclamation i.e.:
• RFZPPN 6: Coastal reclamation shall only be
undertaken when it is proven beyond reasonable
doubt that the economic benefits significantly
outweigh the environmental and social costs.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Acts, Policy
Documents and Aspects of Control
Guidelines
Planning Policy Documents
• RFZPPN 7: Dredging and mining activities shall be
carried out in a form and scale that does not harm
natural ecosystems or interfere with natural coastal
processes.

• NPP under Section 6: Coastal Processes And Hazards

highlighted that human activities have a great impact on
the dynamics of the river mouth and adjacent coastlines.

• Dredging has been identified as an activity that can

impact directly on the coastal processes and
morphology. Structures built with dredging activities
pose similar impacts include:
• Ports and marinas.
• Active coastal protection structures (groynes
breakwaters, and all other structures occupying part
of the foreshore and/or the shore face).
• Passive coastal structures (revetments, seawalls
and all other structures).
• Reclamation works
• Dikes Inlet jetties at tidal inlets.
• Sea works at river mouths.
• Embankment for bridges and runways.
• Intake and outlet structures crossing the littoral
zone.
• Sewerage outfalls and pipelines.

• Soft intervention in the littoral zone:

• Backshore nourishment.
• Beach nourishment.
• Shore face nourishment.
• Beach sand mining.

• Soft interventions offshore the littoral zone:

• Sand mining.
• Dumping of dredging material.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Acts, Policy
Documents and Aspects of Control
Guidelines
Planning Policy Documents
• Interventions in rivers and in upstream areas:
• Sand mining.
• Deepening of river areas for navigation purposes.
• Construction of dams.
• Drainage and irrigation schemes.
• Construction of river dikes.
• Spill of sediments from sand and gravel mining.

• NPP-CZ highlighted that coastal developments along

the coastline such as coastal reclamations and dredging
have been identified as the potential threat to marine
ecosystem including river terrapins from sand mining
activities along sandy riverbanks.

• Management Criteria related to coastal reclamation as

according to NPP are:
“No new development, expansion of existing
development or resource extraction (all forms of mining)
shall be permitted in the Coastal ESA (CESA) Rank 1
areas, which includes the existing permitted areas,
proposed protected areas of NPP-CZ and marine park
islands.”

“No new development, expansion of existing

development or resource extraction (all forms of mining)
shall be permitted in the CESA Rank 2 areas, which
includes all other natural habitats outside of CESA 1”.

• For CESA 3; all other areas outside of CESA Rank 1

and Rank 2, within 1 km inland from the Mean High
Water Level (but further inland at river mouths,
depending on local flood regimes) the management
criteria are:
• Land use zoning shall take into consideration the
severity of coastal hazards and the impact of the
development on coastal habitats and coastal
morphology.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Acts, Policy
Documents and Aspects of Control
Guidelines
Planning Policy Documents
• Land use zoning and coastal management options
recommended are tabulated in the Coastal Hazard
Guidance and Land Use Zoning Guidance of NPP-
CZ.

• Reclamation in lower river systems will reduce the size

of the river channel along with the amount of water
flowing in and out the system, therefore reducing the
self-cleansing flushing capacity of the system.

• Land reclamation and construction of structures such as

piers directly on top of coral reefs result in landscape
alteration and destruction of coral reefs.

Table 2.3.2: ESA Framework for Peninsular Malaysia (Coastal Areas)

ESA Level 3
Environmental Management Criteria
Sensitive Areas
Buffer zone Controlled development where the type and intensity of
500m around development should be subject to limitations. The limitation
Level 2 ESA features include coastal zone erosion and areas exposed to
flood threats.
Water Water catchment areas and recycling zones should be
catchment identified at the level of the State Structure Plan and Local
area and Plan.
groundwater
recharge
zones
Islands and All development on islands and marine parks must comply
Marine Parks with existing and future guidelines.
Coastal area All coastal development needs to comply with RFZPPN,
Integrated Shoreline Management Plan (ISMP) state, existing
and future guidelines
Source: National Physical Plan 3

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

2.3.2 Integration of Environmental Compliance into Project Planning

A typical project cycle involves many phases and requires inputs from various
technical specialists and consultants to provide for submissions and
applications to the various approving authorities, e.g. local authority.
Throughout, the environmental assessment can be incorporated as follows:

(a) Planning Phase

The Project Proponent will develop a conceptual proposal and identify

suitable sites for feasibility assessment.

At this phase, The Project Proponent is also required to ensure that all
national and state policies related to the project are addressed with the
relevant authorities before carrying out the EIA.

Environmental Screening and Scoping: The Project Proponent shall carry

out initial screening to determine if the Project falls under any prescribed
activity based on the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities)
(Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015.

If it does, then a scoping exercise will be undertaken to assess the

environmental aspects of the site. This will ensure that the significant
environmental issues are scoped early and identification of possible
P2M2s can be incorporated into the project design early on. Findings
shall be presented in the TOR report for the DOE endorsement.

(b) Feasibility and Project Design Phase

The Project Proponent will conduct the technical studies and project
design for submission to the approving authorities represented by various
government technical agencies, which will review the application and
provide the approvals if all submissions are in order.

EIA: If a project is a prescribed activity under the Environmental Quality

(Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015,
an EIA is required to be prepared and approved by the DOE before a
project can be submitted for development order (DO) approval by the
local authorities. The Project Proponent and Qualified Person(s) shall
carry out the studies identified in the TOR during the screening and
scoping stage, and develop P2M2 for the project.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

(c) Construction and Operations Phase

Upon obtaining the project approval, e.g. DO or Planning Permission by

the Local Authorities, the project shall proceed with construction and later
on, operations. Typical activities include site access establishment,
mobilisation of machineries and equipment, setting up base camp, land
clearing and structural works.

Post-EIA: Environmental controls and management will be through the

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which will be utilised by the
Project Proponent and contractors to implement the P2M2s and
environmental monitoring and auditing, throughout the construction
phase and if necessary, into the operational phase.

2.3.3 Project Brief

At the start of a project, the Project Proponent shall provide a project brief,
containing basic information of the project, as an overview to the Qualified
Person. This will facilitate identification of the scope and requirements of the
environmental compliance for that project.

The Qualified Person (Environmental Consultant) shall then assess if the

project falls within a prescribed activity based on the Environmental Quality
(Prescribed Activity) (Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015 (see next
section for more on the legislative requirements).

All the information shall then form part of the TOR but may be subjected to
changes as the project ensues. Information provided shall be ensured adequate
to provide a basis for the environmental screening and scoping, which can be
detailed or revised later in the EIA.

2.4 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT

The EIA process has provided adequate mechanisms to enable the general
public access to contribute their views and comments. Their recommendations
will be taken into account in the EIA and by the EIA Technical Review
Committee (EIATRC).

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

The mechanisms for stakeholders’ participation in the EIA process can be

direct, indirect and formal or informal. The EGIM (DOE, 2016) has highlighted
this as follows:
…“EIA is a multi-disciplinary study on the environmental components such as
water quality, air quality, waste management, environmentally sensitive areas
and natural resources. It involves the participation of government agencies,
non-governmental agencies (NGOs), academicians, experts and environmental
practitioners including qualified and competent persons, industries and public at
large. Hence, the EIA process should provide adequate opportunities to all
stakeholders including the affected public to express their concerns and provide
inputs for decision making process by relevant approving authority.”

2.4.1 Identification of Stakeholders

The selection of stakeholders can be generally grouped into three main groups
from:

(a) GAs which have the powers and legal rights to administer, enforce and
approve the project.

(b) General public, organisations, properties and land owners who may be
directly or indirectly be affected by the project.

(c) Special interest groups or organisations representing their interests, e.g.

NGOs related to environmental conservation.

Table 2.4.1 below provides list of possible stakeholders to be considered for

stakeholder engagement process related to dredging and land reclamation
project. Please note that the list provided below is an indicative, but non-
exhaustive where the relevant stakeholders may vary depends on the project
nature. The qualified person may identify any relevant stakeholders to be
engaged for the project.

Table 2.4.1: List of Possible Stakeholders

Stakeholder Roles and Responsibility
DOE • Administration of the EIA process under EQA 1974.
• Responsible for the issuance of the COA for the EIA.
• Post EIA approvals, monitoring and enforcement.
Project • The party to carry out the development and responsible
Proponent for obtaining all necessary approvals for the site.
• Involved in the management of the project at all stages of
development.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

Stakeholder Roles and Responsibility

Gas: • GAs which have roles and functions in the project and are
responsible for the issuance of approvals for studies,
technical reports and plans for the project.
• Engagements shall assist in determining GA requirements
for the project that needs to be addressed by the Project
Proponent, and also to assist in obtaining information
under their respective agencies jurisdiction.
• The possible GAs to be considered for engagements are
follows:
• State Economic Planning Unit
• Department of Mineral and Geoscience (JMG)
• Public Works Department (JKR)
• Local Authorities
• Department of Drainage and Irrigation (DID)
• Fisheries Department
• Marine Department
• Port Commission/Port Authority
• Forestry Department Peninsular Malaysia
• Department of Marine Parks Malaysia
• Federal Department of Town and Country Planning
(PLANMalaysia)
Affected Public • The public or local population that may be directly or
and Local indirectly affected by the project and whose concerns and
Population interests need to be addressed as part of the EIA.
• Preliminary engagement may include identifying public
concerns for the project that needs to be addressed and
feedback on mitigation measures.
• These may include:
• Local residents/community.
• Fishermen.
• Tourists.
• Land owner.
• Ports/Marina Operators.
• Recreation/water sport’s activity operator.
NGOs • Provide input and feedback on issues of special interest.
These may include:
• NGO’s related to environment.
• Sailing institutions.
• Other related NGOs.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 2

2.4.2 Methods in Engagement

The Project Proponent and Qualified Persons shall carry out preliminary
engagements to achieve the following:

(a) Identify areas of policy and regulatory compliance from the relevant GAs.

(b) Obtain initial data and views from the GAs and stakeholders
(communities, local leaders, etc.) to assist in preparation of the TOR.

(c) Obtain stakeholder feedback in identifying areas of improvement to the

initial design and concept.

2.4.3 Documentation and Reporting

(a) Findings from the stakeholder engagement shall be incorporated into the
TOR, especially in regards to policy compliance.

(b) Proof of engagement can be in the form of written reports, official

response letters from the GAs, minutes of meeting (MOM), photos, etc.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

CHAPTER 3
APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION

TOR is the first major milestone in the overall EIA procedure process.

The Project Proponent and Qualified Person are required to carry out the
environmental screening and scoping, with the findings incorporated into the
TOR.

This Chapter shall detail the steps in the preparation and submission of the
TOR for the endorsement of DOE.

3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING PROCEDURES

Environmental Screening is carried out to determine whether a proposed project

is a prescribed activity under the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activity)
(Environmental Impact Assessment) Order 2015.

Screening is important as there are a large number of projects and activities

that are potentially subjected to an EIA. It also important that any project shall
be screened to have complied with all Federal and/or state policy matters
before proceeding with an EIA.

If the proposed project has components falling within both First and Second
Schedule prescribed activities, the Second Schedule EIA shall prevail and shall
encompass all EIA requirements required of those activities. In which case, all
other relevant EIA Guidelines must be referred to.

3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCOPING

The main objective of environmental scoping is to identify the environmental

attributes and issues to determine the focus, depth, and spatial and temporal
boundaries of the EIA that are deemed significant and requiring assessment in
detail as part of the EIA process.

Scoping shall be carried out at an early stage of the project cycle. It enables the
EIA to focus on the significant issues, impacts and sensitive receptors.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Scoping shall encompass all environmental aspects (physico-chemical,

biological and socio-economic) to enable an overall evaluation of the significant
impacts. At the start of the scoping exercise, no attempt should be made to
exclude or pre-judge any issues of concern.

The scoping exercise comprises the following steps:

(a) Site Suitability Assessment (SSA): Based on the site constraints and
technical studies, the Project Proponent shall consider all alternatives or
options to refine and improve upon the original concept design.

(b) Determination of Study Boundary: The Qualified Person shall determine

the extent of the Zone of Study (ZOS) and Zone of Impact (ZOI) based
on site conditions and environmental sensitivity.

(c) Baseline Data Review: The Qualified Person shall carry out qualitative
assessment based on desktop study and literature review. These may be
supplemented by initial site investigations and public engagements.

(d) Determination of Key Project Activities: The Project Proponent shall

outline the key project activities that will be carried out during the various
phases of the project (pre-construction, construction and operations
including abandonment at all phases).

(e) Identification of Significant Impacts and Priority Setting: This step will
involve preliminary identification of significant issues for further detailed
assessment in the EIA. Less significant issues shall also be addressed
accordingly in the EIA study but through general/qualitative impact
prediction and evaluation.

(f) Selection of Mitigation Measures: Based on the magnitude of the

identified significant impacts, the Qualified Person shall determine the
potential mitigation measures that need to be provided in detail in the
EIA.

(g) Preparation and Submission of ESI and TOR: Findings from the scoping
shall be compiled, collated, analysed and reported for DOE’s
endorsement.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

3.4 SITE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT

During project planning, the Project Proponent shall consider alternatives and
options to the proposed site, concept, layout, design and methodologies based
on the findings in the feasibility reports and from the scoping exercise. This will
form part of the SSA detailed in the EGIM (DOE, 2016) and required for the
EIA.

This step may involve a re-evaluation of the project site, concept, layout,
design and methodologies to take into account the new selected options. At this
juncture, the P2M2s and BMPs can still be incorporated into the project design
for the final option. The final selected option shall be environmentally feasible
and pragmatic.

A ‘No Project’ option shall also be assessed and its implications discussed
comparatively with the ‘With Project’ option.

3.5 STUDY BOUNDARY

The scoping exercise shall also determine the study boundaries to gather
information for the baseline for the TOR/ESI.

The Qualified Person shall obtain the necessary relevant information on the
projects and the surrounding ZOS and the ZOI, either available from secondary
sources and through preliminary data gathering at the site.

In terms of criteria, the ZOS is the study area generally encompasses a 5-km
radial zone from the project boundary. However, the potential impacts from the
Project may extend beyond the ZOS and hence, that impact area is termed the
ZOI.

For linear component of the project such as access roads, the ZOS shall cover
a 1-km corridor [500 m on either side of the Right of Way (ROW)] while the ZOI
may extend further, based on the EIA assessment.

The level of detail for the environmental studies shall be based on factors such
as project area size, type, activities and potential impacts to surrounding areas,
which shall be determined by the Qualified Person in carrying out the EIA.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

3.6 BASELINE DATA REVIEW

Table 3.6.1 lists the indicative requirements for baseline description in the
environmental scoping exercise. Baseline information shall be qualitative but
adequate to assess the potential impacts resulting from the project on the
sensitive receptors and vice-versa. However, if there is available supporting
information available, these can be included as well.

If any of the items in the table are unavailable at the time of scoping, but is
important to the EIA, it must be recorded as items to be addressed at the EIA
stage. Items irrelevant or insignificant to the project can and shall be omitted
during scoping. Any relevant items shall be prioritised based on the levels of
significance.

Table 3.6.1: Baseline Requirements for Environmental Scoping

Baseline Requirements Data Source
Physico-chemical
Landuse • Landuse maps and photos • Topography maps.
• Description of existing and • Aerial or satellite imagery.
future landuse (5-km ZOS) • Structure and local plans
• Identification of ESAs. (PLANMalaysia).
• Site investigations.
Geology/ • Description of local and • Geological and
Hydrogeology regional geology. hydrogeological maps by
• Locations of aquifer and JMG.
groundwater abstraction • Geological Terrain
wells. Mapping (GTM) report.
Soil and Terrain • Topography and slopes. • Site survey.
• Soil investigation (SI). • Soil map by Department of
• Construction suitability map. Agriculture (DOA).
• SI report.
• GTM report.
Climate • Climate data (min 5 years). • Malaysian Meteorological
Department
(METMalaysia).
Hydrology • River systems and • Topography maps.
catchment areas. • Department of Irrigation
• Flood prone areas. and Drainage (DID) flood
• Downstream receptors. maps.
• Site observations.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Baseline Requirements Data Source

Water Quality • Water quality data (if any). • State water resources
• Locations of water pollution departments.
sources. • Published reports by
• Locations of water intake water agencies and DOE.
points (WIPs) and water
treatment plants (WTPs).
Air Quality • Air quality data (if any). • DOE published data.
• Locations of air polluting • Site observations.
sources.
Noise and • Locations of high noise and • Site observations.
Vibration Level vibration generators.
Biological
Ecosystem • Description of existing • Secondary information.
ecology and habitats. • Data from various
• Identification of ESAs (forest relevant departments
reserve, wildlife reserves such as the Department
and sanctuaries, wetlands, of Wildlife and National
mangroves, fisheries, etc.) Parks Peninsular
• Presence of endemic, rare, Malaysia (PERHILITAN)
threatened, endangered and and Forestry Department
near extinct flora and fauna. Peninsular Malaysia
(JPSM).
• Buku Kawasan Sensitif
Alam Sekitar (DOE).
• Site observations.
Social Aspects
Demography • Details of demographics. • Population census from
• Identification of social Department of Statistics.
impact stakeholders. • Local plans from
PLANMalaysia.
• Interviews.
Public Health • Description of public health • Morbidity statistics and
status. public health data from
Ministry of Health (MOH).
Heritage, Culture • Locations of historical and • Data from Department of
and Archaeology cultural sites. Museums, National
• Location of Orang Asli areas Heritage Department,
and settlements. Jabatan Kemajuan Orang
Asli (JAKOA), etc.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Baseline Requirements Data Source

Traffic • Access to project site. • Road maps.
• Transport options. • Site visit.
Infrastructure, • Water, electricity, sewerage, • Information from utility
Utilities and road, telecommunication providers.
Amenities and waste. • Local plans from
PLANMalaysia.
Note: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project. It is the responsibility of the Protect
Proponent and Qualified Person to determine the relevant information required for environmental assessment
and compliance.

3.7 DETERMINATION OF KEY PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Project activities are the basis for assessing the potential impacts for land
reclamation and dredging projects. The key activities can be categorized based
on the project phases that are pre-construction, construction and operations
including abandonment at all phases. The pre-construction activities include
pre-feasibility, feasibility and design stage of the project). The summary list of
activities in a typical land reclamation and dredging project by phases as shown
in Tables 3.7.1 - 3.7.3. The list is not exhaustive and the Qualified Person shall
add or delete to the list, whenever and wherever necessary.

Table 3.7.1: List of Typical Project Activities with Issues of Concern

during Pre-Construction Phase
Activities Issues of Concern
Site access • Soil erosion.
• Vegetation and land clearing. • Loss of flora and fauna.
• Establish temporary stream/river crossing. • Water pollution (silt).
Site surveys • Air and noise pollution.
• Commissioning of topography and
bathymetry surveys.
• Establishment of temporary camp sites.
• Survey works.
Soil investigation and data sampling • Soil erosion.
• Commissioning of surveys. • Loss of flora and fauna.
• Establishment of temporary camp sites • Water pollution (silt).
including setting up floating pontoon or barge • Air and noise pollution.
• Groundwater
for soil investigation drilling rig. contamination.
• Site measurement and survey works.
• Obtain site samples.
• Lab analysis of samples.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Activities Issues of Concern

Environmental assessment • Soil erosion and surface
• Site assessment. runoff.
• Collection of samples.
• Analysis of samples.

Note: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project. It is the responsibility of the Protect
Proponent and Qualified Person to determine the relevant information required for environmental assessment
and compliance.

Table 3.7.2: List of Typical Project Activities with Issues of Concern during
Construction Phase
Activities Issues of Concern
Establish access road • Soil erosion
• Cut new path to project site and/or using • Loss of flora and fauna.
existing roads on land in coastal areas. • Water pollution (silt).
• Establish drainage and culverts. • Air and noise pollution.
• Groundwater
• Levelling and compacting of the road
contamination.
surface.
• Laying of aggregates.

Site clearing and biomass removal • Wastes management.

• Cut, removal and disposal of vegetation • Soil erosion.
including logging where applicable. • Air and noise pollution.
• Demolition works of existing structures. • Loss of biodiversity.
• Establish temporary waste disposal site.

Base camp and site facilities establishment • Water pollution (sewage

• Construct site office, worker quarters, and sullage).
canteen, toilets and bathing areas, stockpile • Drainage (runoff from site).
areas, storage facilities and workshops. • Air and noise pollution.
• Wastes (municipal wastes).
• Establish utilities and infrastructure: power
• Safety and health (vector-
supply, water, telecommunications, etc. borne disease).
• Provide appropriate treatment systems, e.g.
for toilets, waste collection areas.

Establish vessel facilities • Marine pollution.

• Construct temporary landing points such as • Scheduled wastes
jetty and vessel anchorage areas. management.
• Establish fuel storage and refuelling areas.
• Establish vessel management plan.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Activities Issues of Concern

Worker recruitment, mobilisation of equipment • Socio-economy
and materials (employment, social
• Employ workers to carry out construction conflicts – from SIA).
work. • Safety and health
(communicable disease,
• Transport equipment and materials required sanitary conditions,
for construction to the storage areas. accidents and injury).
• Air and noise pollution,
• Wastes (municipal and
construction wastes.
• Traffic (congestion from
heavy vehicle
transportation).
Earthworks for land-based and water-based • Soil erosion/slope failure.
activities (land reclamation and dredging) • Hydrology and drainage
• Construction of erosion and sedimentation (Increased runoff, impacts
control measures such as BMPs. to marine environment).
• Water pollution (silt and
• Dredging and filling works.
debris).
• Import of fill material from approved source. • Air (dust) and noise
• Disposal of unsuitable dredged material to pollution.
approved disposal area. • Wastes (spoil disposal)
• Platform formation for the above water filling • Visual/aesthetics.
works.
• Ground treatment works.
• Compaction and exaction or trimming to the
required handover levels.
Infrastructure works • Water pollution (silt and
• Diversion of streams and existing drainage, debris).
• Relocation of existing pipelines, outlets, • Wastes management.
drains, or telecommunication and power
supply cables.
• Construction of permanent drainage system,
utility pipelines, power supply,
telecommunication, outfall and waste
treatment system.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Activities Issues of Concern

Structural works (onshore and offshore / land- • Soil erosion/slope failure.
based and water-based) and facilities • Hydrology and drainage
establishment (Increased runoff, impacts
to downstream users).
• Construction of shoreline protection structure.
• Water pollution (silt and
• Formworks and concreting works for
debris).
structures. • Air (dust) and noise
• Construction of retaining wall and steel pollution.
structures. • Wastes (spoil disposal)
• Visual/aesthetics.
Waste disposal • Wastes (spoil, municipal,
• Provision of temporary waste or spoils scheduled wastes)
collection to approved disposal sites. • Air pollution (odour).
• Health impact (disease,
• Collection of accumulated wastes or spoils to
vectors, accidents).
approved disposal sites. • Water pollution (floatables,
• Sewage treatment and management. sewage, leachate).
Establishment of permanent access • Soil erosion.
• Construction of permanent access road. • Slope stability/failure.
• Closure of temporary access. Removal of • Water pollution (silt).
temporary structures as per abandonment
plan.
Final finishing and landscaping • Visual/aesthetics.
• Field testing and post land reclamation soil
investigation.
• Handover survey for the final platform level.
• Surface covers or revegetation and
landscaping.
Note: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project. It is the responsibility of the Protect
Proponent and Qualified Person to determine the relevant information required for environmental assessment
and compliance.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Table 3.7.3: List of Typical Project Activities with Issues of Concern

during Operational and Closure/Exit Phases
Activities Issues of Concern
Occupation and operations of project • Air and noise pollution
• Management of impacts from human (traffic, human activities).
activities in the project area. • Traffic (congestion).
• Wastes (municipal wastes).
• Traffic management.
• Socio-economy
• Solid waste management.
(employment, economic
• Explosion incident during cargo handling or growth).
transport. • Marine pollution.
• Spillage of cargo or spillage of waste from
vessel during anchorage or transport.
• Vessels collision.

Vessel maintenance facilities • Marine pollution.

• Marine traffic management. • Scheduled wastes
• Vessel facilities maintenance. management.
• Waste management.

Infrastructure, utility and amenities maintenance • Water pollution (sewage

• Maintenance of sewage treatment and sullage).
• Monitoring of effluent quality • Air and noise pollution.
• Safety and health.
• Conduct repairs as necessary
• Wastes (municipal wastes).
• Maintenance of wharf, operation building and
• Visual/aesthetics.
structures
• Maintenance of infrastructure: roads,
drainage, power supply, telecommunications,
etc.
• Maintenance of landscaping.

Site decommissioning • Soil erosion.

• Demolition of unwanted structures and • Water pollution (silt).
buildings. • Air and noise pollution.
• Removal of machinery, materials and
• Safety and health.
• Wastes (demolition
workers from the project area. wastes).
• Fill in depressions and holes.
• Removal of wastes.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Activities Issues of Concern

Rehabilitation works • Soil erosion.
• Erect hoarding • Water pollution (silt).
• Establish protection measures for slopes and • Air and noise pollution.
• Safety and health.
exposed areas (compaction, turfing and
• Wastes (demolition
structural measures) wastes).
• Provide coastal protection measures. • Aesthetic (visual impacts).
• Revegetation or landscaping,
• Coral rehabilitation and regeneration.
• Provide signage and warning to alert public
and adjacent community.
Note: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project. It is the responsibility of the Protect
Proponent and Qualified Person to determine the relevant information required for environmental assessment
and compliance.

3.8 IDENTIFICATION OF SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS AND PRIORITY SETTING

3.8.1 Selection of Method

There are many methods and tools to conduct the scoping exercise. These
include checklists, matrices, or any other accepted methods, to assist in
systematically organising, collating and analysing the data for the project. At the
TOR stage, qualitative assessment is adequate but quantitative data can be
provided to support the assessment.

A useful tool is the Environmental Scoping Matrix (ESM) to amalgamate the

scores from a series of criteria; ranging from major to minor negative and
positive magnitudes of environmental impacts. The Scoping Matrix is appended
as Appendix 5.

The Qualified Person and the Project Proponent's input is vital at this stage as
their knowledge and experience would ensure appropriate weightage is given to
the issues under assessment.

From the scoping outputs, a priority list of environmental impacts shall be

determined for in-depth studies and assessments in the EIA.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

3.8.2 Key Issues Related to Land Reclamation and Dredging Projects

Some of the key environmental impacts that should be highlighted in the TOR
and EIA are:

(a) Marine ecology and coastal areas: Marine ecology and coastal areas
comprised diverse habitats of mangrove forests, mudflats, coral reefs,
sandy beaches, dunes, estuaries and coastal forests. Any disturbance to
them could lead to environmental deterioration Marine Park Department,
Department of Wildlife and National Parks of Peninsular Malaysia
(PERHILITAN) and in the case of terrestrial forests, Department of
Forestry Peninsular Malaysia have to be engaged to discuss measures
to safeguard these sensitive marine ecology and coastal areas.

(b) Changes to the coastal processes: Coastal areas are very dynamic
systems, influenced by marine processes such as waves, currents, tide,
wind, coastal drift, erosion and accretion. These may be affected when
land reclamation and dredging works are carried out at the project site,
where in certain cases piles, jetties and other structures are constructed
as part of the land reclamation and dredging works. The change in
coastal morphology will increase or decrease the rate of erosion and
accretion along the coastline. Disturbance to the seabed also results in a
sediment plume, which can spread by the currents to a wide area, if not
properly mitigated. The impact during construction phase will also be
studied to determine the temporary and permanent impacts of the
relevant project key activities.

(c) Site access (land and water): When constructing in water, access from
land and water may be required. Two considerations must be taken into
account; the management of vessels in terms of passageways and
secondly the anchorage areas, harbourage, refuelling and waste
management and locations for stockpiling materials brought via the sea.
Vessel activity close to sensitive areas may result in deterioration of the
marine ecology, water pollution and disrupt existing marine traffic.

Impacts from land access may not be severe if roads and tracks are
already available. However, if new access is built, this will involve land
clearing and construction works, which leads to erosion and
sedimentation and loss of flora and fauna.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

(d) Hazards: Over time, coastal erosion may undermine the foundation of
structures built too close to the coast. Development in the coastline is
also prone to natural risks and disasters such as floods, sea level rise
and tsunamis. Adequate setbacks and adaptive measures are needed in
the development design.

(e) Carrying capacity: For land reclamation and dredging works at coastal
areas, the carrying capacity of the area should be considered to avoid
detrimental effects such as overcrowding, causing discomfort to the
locals, stress on utilities, amenities and infrastructure (waste, water
supply, electricity, sewerage treatment, etc.) on the environment.

(f) Conflicts due to shared usage: The coastal areas have a variety of
highly valuable resources. Developing such areas may lead to depletion
of these resources such as mangroves, fisheries and coral reefs. These
systems are important to sustain ecosystem services and also produce
economic resources. Adverse impacts to protected, historical and
heritage sites should be taken into consideration.

(g) Visual effects: Any deterioration of the coastal areas will affect the
aesthetics and scenic quality of these areas. Similarly, man-made
structures may not be compatible with the natural environment that
results in lowering the aesthetic value for tourism.

3.8.3 Determining EIA Study Requirements

The preceding sections have identified the key environmental impacts. Table
3.8.1 provides a list of the studies for the EIA study. The list is indicative and
non-exhaustive and the Qualified Person's judgement is needed since all
projects in coastal areas and/or marine parks are very different from one
another.

The table also provides a List of Indicative studies that may or may not be
required by other GAs related to the project in coastal and marine parks. Again,
the list is not exhaustive and depends on the requirements of the respective
GAs.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Table 3.8.1: Study Areas for the EIA

Prescribed Activity
First
First Schedule
Schedule Second Schedule
Activity 7
Study Reference Activity Activity 7
15
Land- Water- Water- Land- Water-
based based based based based
Slope Analysis (Landward)
√ - √ √ -
Terrain and slope classification
Soil Erosion Analysis (Landward)
Soil loss and sediment yield (pre-construction √ - - √ -
and construction)

Land Disturbing Pollution Prevention and

√ - - √ -
Mitigation Measures (LD-P2M2)

P2M2 √ √ √ √ √
Baseline sampling (water, air, noise,
1 √ √ √ √ √
vibration)*
Topographic Survey √ - - √ -
2
Bathymetry Survey* - √ √ - √
2
Hydraulic Study* - √ √ - √
3
Shoreline Assessment* - √ √ - √
4
Ecological Habitat Mapping* - √ √ √ √
5
Carrying Capacity Study* - - √ √ √
Stakeholder Consultation √ √ √ √ √
Post-EIA Monitoring Programme √ √ √ √ √

Erosion and Sediment Control Plan (ESCP) √ √ √ √ √

Terrestrial, aquatic and marine flora and fauna
√ √ √ √ √
assessment
Marine Baseline Traffic Assessment
6 - √ √ - √
(Stage 1 Study)*
7
Marine Risk Assessment (Stage 2 Study) * to
- √ √ - √
be prepared prior to work commencing on site
Landuse compatibility If required

Social Impact Assessment (SIA) If required

Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA) If required

Health Impact Assessment (HIA) If required

Heritage Impact Assessment If required

Wastes (biomass, scheduled wastes: If required

construction, municipal, etc)

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Notes:
(i) First Schedule Activity 7: Coastal reclamation or land reclamation along river banks involving an area of less than
50 hectares.
(ii) First Schedule Activity 15: (a) Capital dredging (b) Disposal of waste dredged materials
(iii) Second Schedule Activity 7: (a) Coastal reclamation or land reclamation along river banks involving an area of 50
hectares or more (b) Coastal reclamation or land reclamation along river banks within or adjacent or near to
environmentally sensitive areas (c) Reclamation for man-made island
1
(iv) * Based on site conditions and project activities.
2
(v) * Requirements based on the Guidelines for Preparation of Coastal Engineering Hydraulic Study and Impact
Evaluation [Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), 2001].
3
(vi) * Requirements based on DID Manual Volume 2 - Coastal Management (DID, 2009)
4
(vii) * If adjacent to ESAs Rank I, II and III as defined by PLANMalaysia.
5
(viii) * Carrying capacity shall be based on PLANMalaysia criteria and requirements (physical; infrastructure and utilities;
and beach area) as defined in the Laporan Tahap Tampungan dan Garis Panduan Pembangunan Pulau (JPBD,
2006).
6
(ix) * indicates that the scope of Marine Baseline Traffic Assessment (Stage 1 Study) is described in detailed Table 4.1
7
(x) * Marine Risk Assessment (Stage 2) study scope shall be determined and approved by Marine Department of
Peninsular Malaysia.
(xi) The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project. It is the responsibility of the Project
Proponent and Qualified Person to determine the relevant information required for environmental assessment and
compliance.

3.9 SELECTION OF MITIGATION MEASURES

(a) Based on the significant impact, the Qualified Person shall assess the
best available technologies (BATs) and options for P2M2 to address the
identified key environmental issues.

(b) At this point in the TOR/ESI, the identified measures shall be descriptive
to be further detailed in the EIA stage.

3.10 PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION OF TOR/ESI

(a) Findings from the scoping exercise shall be incorporated into the ESI as
information to develop the TOR.

(b) The TOR shall be submitted to DOE for review and endorsement before
proceeding to the EIA stage.

3.10.1 TOR Table of Content (TOC)

(a) The TOR and ESI are required for prescribed activities, which fall within
either the First or Second Schedules.

(b) The report(s) shall be prepared in accordance with the format detailed
under the Guidance Document for Preparing TOR under Appendix 8 of
the EGIM (DOE, 2016).

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

3.10.2 TOR Adequacy Check (TORAC) Process

(a) The output from scoping is documented as the ESI. The ESI shall
provide the basic information of the current environment issues with
identified key impacts that need to be assessed in detail. All these will
then be incorporated as the scope of work in the TOR.

(b) A review shall be carried out by the EIATRC comprising DOE officers
and GAs and/or Appointed Individuals (AIs).

(c) The adequacy of the scoping exercise and TOR shall be decided in a
TORAC meeting (if required), chaired by the DOE Headquarters
(HQ)/DOE State Director.

(d) When the TOR is endorsed, the Project Proponent shall proceed to the
EIA study.

3.11 TYPICAL FLOWCHARTS OF PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Figure 3.11.1 and Figure 3.11.2 are typical flowcharts of project activities with relevant
approvals and studies needed.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Figure 3.11.1: Reclamation Activities Process Flowchart

Source : Enviro Enhance Sdn. Bhd. (2018)

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 3

Figure 3.11.2: Dredging Activities Process Flowchart

Source: Enviro Enhance Sdn. Bhd. (2018)

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4
BASELINE DATA

4.1 INTRODUCTION

After endorsement is given by the DOE for TOR or the Revised TOR, the
Project Proponent and Qualified Person shall then proceed with the EIA study.

Compared to the TOR stage, the EIA stage requires detailed information to be
incorporated into the Report. At this stage of work, the preliminaries for the
project would have been completed and the overall project planning has moved
on to the detailed design stage alongside with the essential technical
assessments and studies.

The following Chapters shall detail the requirements for baseline data collection
as part of the EIA.

4.2 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Preliminary data, mostly based on secondary data and initial site assessment,
would have been collected during the environmental screening and TOR stage
to provide an overview of the existing environment.

Based on those data, the methodology and approach in obtaining detailed data
and technical studies would have been identified and approved by EIATRC and
incorporated into the TOR.

During the EIA stage, in-depth information and more data shall be collected and
collated to describe the existing environment.

The scope shall cover the three major environmental components:

(a) Physico-chemical environment.

(b) Biological environment.
(c) Socio-economic environment.

In line with the DOE environmental mainstreaming, the study shall focus on the
core aspects of water, air and waste.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 4

The collected environmental baseline must be appropriate to provide sufficient

grounds to draw up the potential impacts for which mitigation measures will be
planned for any negative impacts.

Supporting information and relevant studies required by other approving

agencies shall also be incorporated into the EIA to provide an overall
comprehensive assessment. Supporting information, studies or reports shall be
endorsed by the respective GAs which has authority to do so.

Tables 4.2.1 provides the major environmental components for the EIA.

Table 4.2.1: Environmental Baseline Scope and Requirements

Relevant Agencies
Aspect Scope and Requirement
for Reference
Terrain • Description of existing topography • DOE
and bathymetry based on land and • JMG
hydrographic surveys.
• Geological Terrain Mapping (GTM)
of the project site and surrounding
areas.
• Geotechnical report.
Geology and • Description of local and regional soil • DOE
Soil and geology. • JMG
• Analysis of soil profile obtained from
soil investigations.
• Estimates of soil loss and sediment
yield of the project site.
Hydrogeology • Hydrogeological assessment. • JMG
• Seismicity assessment. • JKR
Hydrology • Within and surrounding the project • DOE
and site (rivers, streams and drainage). • DID
Hydraulics • Identification of downstream
receptors such as water intake
points (WIPs) and water treatment
plants (WTPs).
• Flood risk analysis, if required.
• Descriptions of the existing
bathymetry, wave, tidal and wind
condition at the project area.

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Relevant Agencies
Aspect Scope and Requirement
for Reference
• Identification and assessment of
potential impacts of the proposed
land reclamation and dredging to the
coastal area and propose possible
mitigation measures to overcome or
minimize the impacts.

Water Quality • Sampling and analysis of water • DOE

quality of waterways and water
bodies within the ZOI.
Air Quality • Sampling and analysis of ambient air • DOE
quality of the project site and nearby
sensitive receptors.
Noise Level • Measurement and analysis of • DOE
and Vibration ambient noise and vibration levels of
the project site and nearby sensitive
receptors.
Waste • Estimation of the amount of biomass • DOE
waste generated from site clearing. • Local Authority
• Estimation of the amount of solid • National Solid
waste generated from the project Waste
site. Management
• Identification of potential scheduled Department
wastes generated from the project (JPSPN)
site. • Marine
• Identification of future spoil disposal Department
areas.
Landuse • Description of existing and future • Federal Town and
landuse (map and description) within Country Planning
the ZOI. Department
• Identification of ESAs and impact (PLANMalaysia)
receptors.
• Landuse compatibility assessment.
Climate • Obtain long-term (minimum 5-year) • Malaysian
climate data to define the weather Meteorological
patterns for the project site. Department
(METMalaysia)

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 4

Relevant Agencies
Aspect Scope and Requirement
for Reference
Ecology • Habitat mapping of ESAs (terrestrial • Forest Department
and aquatic). of Peninsular
• Provide an inventory, and assess the Malaysia (JPSM)
terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity • PERHILITAN
within the Project site. • Department of
• Identify any endemic, rare, Fisheries (DOF)
endangered, threatened and near
extinct species within the project site
and surrounding ZOI.
Socio- • Data on demography, and socio- • Federal Town and
economy economic profiles of stakeholders Country Planning
within the ZOI. Department
• This shall be based on the findings (PLANMalaysia)
of the SIA, if carried out separately. • Department of
Statistics
Malaysia.
History, • Identify locations of significant • National Heritage
Culture and historical, cultural, heritage and Department.
Archaeology archaeological value (graves, ritual • Department of
areas, heritage buildings, artefacts, Museum.
pre-human habitation, etc.).
Land Traffic • Existing traffic within and • JKR
surrounding the project site.
• This shall be based on the findings
of the TIA, if any.

Marine Traffic • This shall be based on the findings • Marine

of Marine Baseline Traffic Department
Assessment. Malaysia.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 4

Relevant Agencies
Aspect Scope and Requirement
for Reference
Infrastructure, • Availability of existing and future • Water Supply
Utilities and utilities (water, electricity, sewerage, Authority/
Amenities waste management, road networks, Providers.
telecommunication, etc.). • Indah Water
• Discharge points of sewage and Konsortium (IWK).
effluent. • Tenaga Nasional
• This shall be based on the findings Berhad (TNB).
of the Laporan Cadangan Pemaju • JKR
(LCP), if any, or obtained from the • Local Authorities
Project Proponent. (PBT).
Note: The above represents a full list of potential baseline studies, the Qualified Person shall be responsible in
determining
the relevant baseline requirements based on the project needs.

4.3 PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION

Primary data collection is necessary to fill in the gaps in information identified

during the TOR/ESI stage. Common methodologies include on-the-ground
surveys and sampling programmes at-site. The sampling/study boundary shall
be within the project’s ZOI.

Samples collected must be analysed by a Skim Akreditasi Makmal Malaysia

(SAMM) Accredited Laboratory. Details of sampling (person in charge, time,
date and location of sampling) must be clearly stated. All certificated and data
shall be included.

The scope and requirement for such studies are to be determined by the
respective GAs and reports are to be approved by the said GAs before
incorporation as part of the EIA.

4.4 SECONDARY DATA COLLECTION

Secondary data can be referred from other official sources to support the EIA to
identify non-critical issues.

Sources of information must be clearly stated along with the date of publication
in the EIA.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 5

CHAPTER 5
EVALUATION OF IMPACTS

5.1 INTRODUCTION

There are many methods to evaluate the impacts. Generally, all methods of
impact evaluation seek to compare the existing environment against a predicted
future environment caused by various project activities in all phases of project
development.

Predictions and assessments are made through qualitative or quantitative

approaches and methods that form the basis of evaluation.

While there is no one method that fits all requirements, the predictive and
assessment method chosen must have at least the following attributes:

(a) Established and proven models or methods.

(b) Adequate, accurate and up-to-date data for assessment.

(c) Results can be replicated and is reproducible by independent evaluators.

(d) Cost-effective and for any software, it can be purchased (propriety

software and tools can also be used). If possible, use of widely accepted
freeware is encouraged.

It is up to the Qualified Person to select the best method to conduct

investigations and generate reliable scenarios and datasets to ascertain the
magnitude, extent and significance of any impacts from the project.

5.2 PREDICTION AND EVALUATION OF IMPACTS

The Scoping Exercise would have determined the types of studies that need to
be carried out during the EIA stage (refer Section 3.8). Hence, the endorsed
TOR need to be referred in order to ensure the EIA is focused.

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The level of details in the impact identification shall commensurate with the
following factors:

(a) Scale of the project (land area, total disturbed areas, etc.).
(b) Intensity of development (total land clearing, phasing of land clearing).
(c) Potential pollution sources from the project.
(d) Magnitude and complexity of impacts.
(e) Area of impacts (localised versus transboundary).
(f) Probability of cumulative impacts (effects of project on adjacent land
areas and vice versa).
(g) Sensitivity of nearby receptors, e.g. ESAs.

5.2.1 Impacts of Reclamation and Dredging Activities

5.2.1.1 Potential Impacts during Investigation Stage

The typical issues and impacts associated during investigation stage are as
listed in Table 5.2.1.

Table 5.2.1: Typical Issues and Impacts during Investigation Stage

Activities Issues Impacts
Site surveys Ecology • Disturbance of coastal and marine habitats.
including • Water pollution and effects on marine areas.
topography and • Boat strike on marine organisms.
bathymetry survey • Threat to wildlife (hunting/poaching).
Water Quality • Vessel discharge in coastal waters.
Air Quality • Open burning by workers.
Socio- • Conflicts due to presence of foreign workers.
economy • Pollution may affect fishery resources and
aquaculture farms.
Wastes • Biomass wastes from land clearing and
trimming works.
Traffic • Spillage onto roads.
• Damage to roads.
Marine Traffic • Safety and risk of collision.
• Oil spills and wastewater discharge from
vessels.
• Boat strike on marine organisms.
Safety and • Work-related injuries.
Health • Accidents.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 5

Activities Issues Impacts

Soil Investigation Ecology • Disturbance of coastal and marine habitats.
(SI) • Boat strike on marine organisms.
• Threat to wildlife (hunting/poaching).
Water Quality • Vessel discharge in coastal waters.
Air Quality • Open burning by workers.
Wastes • Biomass wastes from land clearing and
trimming works.
• Solid wastes from work camps.
Noise • Noise due to drilling for SI works on marine
and terrestrial fauna.
Traffic • Spillage onto roads.
• Traffic congestion.
• Damage to roads.
Marine Traffic • Safety and risk of collision.
• Oil spills and wastewater discharge from
vessels.
• Boat strike on marine organisms.
Safety and • Work-related injuries.
Health • Improper waste management attracts pests
and scavengers.
Land Acquisition Socio- • Loss of income and job opportunities
(if any) under SIA economy • Loss of tourism.
and local Community • Homeless.
authorities’ scope • Increase demand for new settlement or
residential areas
• Increased demand for facilities, utilities and
amenities.
Note.: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project, It is the responsibility of the Project Proponent
and Qualified Person to determine the relevant information required for environmental assessment and compliance.

5.2.1.2 Potential Impacts during Initial Site Preparation and Development Stage

Typical issues and impacts during initial site preparation and development stage
for land reclamation and dredging activities are as listed in Table 5.2.2.

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Table 5.2.2: Typical Issues and Impacts during Site Preparation and Development
Stage
Activities Issues Impacts
Establish access Ecology • Disturbance and possibly loss of coastal and
road marine habitats.
Wastes • Biomass wastes from land clearing and
trimming works.
Safety and • Work-related injuries.
Health • Accidents.
Site clearing Ecology • Disturbance of coastal and marine habitats.
• Threat to wildlife (hunting/poaching).
Water Quality • Increase runoff and turbidity into nearby water
courses.
Air Quality • Open burning by workers.
Noise • High noise levels from demolition works,
machineries and vessels.
Wastes • Biomass wastes from land clearing and
trimming works.
• Construction and demolition (C&D) wastes.
Traffic • Heavy vehicle access along public roads.
• Spillage onto roads.
Safety and • Work-related injuries.
Health • Improper waste management attracts pests
and scavengers.
• Accidents.
Setting up site Air Quality • Open burning by workers.
facilities and Wastes • Solid wastes from work camps and top-side
base camp development.
• Scheduled wastes from workshops and
refuelling stations can result in land and water
contamination.
• Odour and unsightliness from improper waste
management.
Safety and • Improper waste management attracts pests
Health and scavengers.
• Risk of communal disease spread.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 5

Activities Issues Impacts

Dredging and Ecology • Disturbance and possibly loss of coastal and
reclamation marine habitats.
works (including • Water pollution and effects on marine areas
infrastructure (red tide, sediment plume, oil spill, etc.).
works) • Damage to corals and marine resources.
• Loss of fishery resources.
• Loss of benthic fauna and sessile organisms,
unless translocated.
• Boat strike on marine organisms.
Hydraulic and • Altered coastal watercourses.
Hydrodynamics • Changes in wave climate; current speed and
direction; tidal conditions; and pollutant
dispersion patterns.
• Impacts on aquatic habitats and coastal users.
Erosion and • Soil erosion and sedimentation.
Sedimentation/ • Ecological damage.
Coastal Erosion • Long-term accretion and/or erosion of coastal
areas due to hydraulic changes.
• Coastal protection requirements.
• Affect aesthetic value of adjacent coastal
area.
Water Quality • Soil contamination and water pollution due to
leakage of oil and chemicals from equipment
and machinery operations.
• Impacts on coastal areas, e.g. recreational
areas, aquaculture farms, etc.
• Effects of spread of sediment plumes on water
quality and offshore fishing sites.
• Impacts of sewage and sullage discharged
from work camps. Effects of scheduled waste
contamination.
• Vessel discharge in coastal waters.
• Ecological degradation.
• Spillage during transportation of fill or dredged
material.
Air Quality • Emission from fuel burning equipment.

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Activities Issues Impacts

Noise • High noise levels from piling, demolition
works, construction, machineries and vessels.
• Underwater noise impacts on marine fauna.
Communities • Nuisance and disturbance to nearby
communities.
• Affects access of the fishing community.
Socio-economy • Increase job opportunities, employment and
business.
• Conflicts due to presence of foreign workers.
• Pollution may affect fishery resources and
aquaculture farms.
• Loss to tourism during construction period.
• Increased demand for facilities, utilities and
amenities.
Wastes • Scheduled wastes from workshops and
refuelling stations can result in land and water
contamination.
• Odour and unsightliness from improper waste
management.
Marine Traffic • Alteration of existing vessel traffic pattern
• Safety and risk of collision.
• Oil spills and wastewater discharge from
vessels.
• Boat strike on marine organisms.
Safety and • Work-related injuries.
Health • Improper waste management attracts pests
and scavengers.
• Risk of communal disease spread.
• Accidents.
Visual Impact • Loss of vista.
• Reduced quality of life.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 5

Activities Issues Impacts

Structural works Ecology • Disturbance and possibly loss of coastal and
(onshore and marine habitats.
offshore), coastal Hydraulic and • Altered coastal watercourses.
protection works Hydrodynamics • Flooding from higher storm flows or peak
discharge.
• Storm surges resulting in coastal flooding.
• Changes in wave climate, current speed and
direction, tidal conditions and pollutant
dispersion patterns.
• Impacts on aquatic habitats and coastal users.

Erosion and • Soil erosion and sedimentation.

Sedimentation/ • Ecological damage.
Coastal Erosion • Long-term accretion and erosion of coastal
areas due to hydraulic changes.
• Coastal protection requirements.
• Affect aesthetic value of recreational beaches.
Water Quality • Soil contamination and water pollution due to
leakage of oil and chemicals from equipment
and machinery operations.
• Effects of spread of sediment plumes on water
quality and offshore fishing sites.
• Effects of scheduled waste contamination.
• Vessel discharge in coastal waters.
• Ecological degradation.
Air Quality • Dust generation from earthworks and
vehicular movement.
• Emission from fuel burning equipment,
vessels or machineries.
• Open burning by workers.
• Health problems of workers and nearby
residents.
Noise • High noise levels from piling works,
construction, machineries and vessels.
• Underwater noise impacts on marine fauna.
Communities • Nuisance and disturbance to nearby
communities.
• Affects access of the fishing community.

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Activities Issues Impacts

Socio-economy • Increase job opportunities, employment and
business.
• Conflicts due to presence of foreign workers.
• Pollution may affect fishery resources and
aquaculture farms.
• Loss to tourism during construction period.
• Increased demand for facilities, utilities and
amenities.
Wastes • Biomass wastes from land clearing and
trimming works.
• C&D wastes.
• Odour and unsightliness from improper
waste management.
• Oil spills and wastewater discharge from
vessels.
Traffic • Heavy vehicle access along public roads.
• Spillage onto roads.
• Traffic congestion.
• Damage to roads.
• Safety risk to road users and communities.
Marine Traffic • Vessel traffic increase.
• Alteration to the existing navigation path.
• Safety and risk of collision.
• Increased boat strike on marine organisms.
Safety and • Work-related injuries.
Health • Improper waste management attracts pests
and scavengers.
• Risk of communal disease spread.
• Accidents.
Visual Impact • Loss of vista.
• Reduced quality of life.
Spoils disposal Ecology • Disturbance and possibly loss of flora and
(onshore and/or fauna at disposal site.
offshore disposal • Damage to corals and marine resources.
site) Hydraulic and • Alteration of seabed/ground level at disposal
Hydrodynamics area.
• Changes in wave climate, current speed and
direction, and tidal conditions.

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Activities Issues Impacts

Water Quality • Changes in water quality due to erosion and
sedimentation at onshore disposal site.
• Effects of spread of sediment plumes on water
quality and offshore fishing sites.
• Dispersal of pollutants contained in spoils.
• Ecological degradation.
• Spillage during transportation of dredged
materials or spoils.
Air Quality • Dust generation during transportation of spoils
to disposal area.
Traffic • Heavy vehicle access along public roads.
• Spillage onto roads.
Marine Traffic • Vessel traffic increase.
• Safety and risk of collision.
Establishment of Ecology • Disturbance and possibly loss of coastal and
permanent marine habitats.
access, Erosion and • Reduce soil erosion and sedimentation.
demobilisation of Sedimentation/ • Increase aesthetic value of recreational
construction Coastal Erosion beaches.
machineries and Water Quality • Impacts on coastal areas, e.g. recreational
plants, final areas, aquaculture farms, etc.
finishing and • Enhance water quality by proper drainage
landscaping system and surface covers.
Air Quality • Enhance air quality by proper road pavement.
Noise • High noise levels from machineries and
vessels.
• Underwater noise impacts on marine fauna.
Communities • Nuisance and disturbance to nearby
communities.
• Affects access of the fishing community.
Wastes • Biomass wastes from landscaping and
construction waste.
• Odour and unsightliness from improper waste
management.
Traffic • Reduce traffic congestion.
• Reduce safety risk to road users and
communities.

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Activities Issues Impacts

Safety and • Work-related injuries.
Health • Improper waste management attracts pests
and scavengers.
• Accidents.
Visual Impact • Increase of vista and aesthetics value.
• Increase quality of life.
Note.: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project, It is the responsibility of the Project Proponent
and Qualified Person to determine the relevant information required for environmental assessment and compliance.

5.2.1.3 Potential Impacts during Operational Stage

Typical issues and impacts during operational stage for land reclamation and
dredging activities are as listed in Table 5.2.3.

Table 5.2.3: Typical Issues and Impacts during Operation Stage

Activities Issues Impacts
Operation of Ecology • Underwater noise from vessel’s movement.
navigation • Boat strike on marine organisms.
channel/ Hydraulic and • Improve coastal watercourses flows.
waterway/ Hydrodynamics • Changes in wave climate, current speed and
waterway facilities direction, tidal conditions.
Erosion and • Long term sedimentation in the dredged
Sedimentation/ area.
Coastal Erosion
Water Quality • Oil spills and tar balls.
Marine Traffic • Vessel traffic increase.
• Safety and risk of collision.
• Oil spills and wastewater discharge from
vessels.
• Alteration to existing traffic pattern.
• Boat strike on marine organisms.
Note.: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project, It is the responsibility of the Project Proponent
and Qualified Person to determine the relevant information required for environmental assessment and compliance.

5.2.1.4 Potential Impacts during Rehabilitation and Abandonment Stage

Typical issues and impacts during rehabilitation and abandonment stage for
land reclamation and dredging activities are as listed in Table 5.2.4.

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Table 5.2.4: Typical Issues and Impacts during and after Rehabilitation and
Abandonment Stage
Activities Issues Impacts
Abandonment Ecology • Disturbance and possibly loss of coastal and
during all stages marine habitats.
of land • Water pollution and effects on marine areas
reclamation and (red tide, sediment plume, oil spill, etc.).
dredging works • Damage to corals and marine resources.
• Loss of fishery resources.
• Loss of benthic fauna and sessile organisms,
unless translocated.
Hydraulic and • Altered coastal watercourses.
Hydrodynamics • Changes in wave climate, current speed and
direction, tidal conditions and pollutant
dispersion patterns.
• Impacts on aquatic habitats and coastal
users.
Erosion and • Soil erosion and sedimentation.
Sedimentation/ • Ecological damage.
Coastal Erosion • Long-term accretion and/or erosion of
coastal areas due to hydraulic changes.
• Affect aesthetic value of recreational
beaches.
Water Quality • Impacts on coastal areas, e.g. recreational
areas, aquaculture farms, etc.
• Effects of spread of sediment plumes on
water quality and offshore fishing sites.
• Ecological degradation.
Communities • Affects access of the fishing community.
• Loss of beach and coastal access.
Socio-economy • Pollution may affect fishery resources and
aquaculture farms.
Visual Impact • Loss of vista.
• Reduced quality of life.
Abandonment Hydraulic and • Altered coastal watercourses.
after reclamation Hydrodynamics • Storm surges resulting in coastal flooding.
works and • Changes in wave climate, current speed and
dredging works direction, tidal conditions, and pollutant
dispersion patterns.
• Impacts on aquatic habitats and coastal
users.

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Activities Issues Impacts

Erosion and • Soil erosion and sedimentation.
Sedimentation/ • Long-term accretion and erosion of coastal
Coastal areas due to hydraulic changes.
Erosion • Coastal protection requirements.
Communities • Affects access of the fishing community.
Visual Impact • Loss of vista.
• Reduced quality of life.
Note.: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project, It is the responsibility of the Project Proponent
and Qualified Person to determine the relevant information required for environmental assessment and compliance.

5.3 TYPICAL LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING ACTIVITIES

A typical depiction of land reclamation and dredging is as shown in Figure 5.3.1.

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Figure 5.3.1: Examples of BMPs for Land Reclamation and Dredging Activities

Figure 5.3.1a: Reclamation and Ground Treatment Works at Penang Island Figure 5.3.1c: Trimming Works for Temporary Slope at Penang Island

Figure 5.3.1b: Piling Works for Structural Works at Penang Island Figure 5.3.1d: Slope Protection Works at Penang Island

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Figure 5.3.1e: Double Layer Silt Curtain Figure 5.3.1g: Sand Filling Works for Reclamation adjacent to Pulau Melaka

Figure 5.3.1f: Sand Quilt Laying Works adjacent to Pulau Melaka Figure 5.3.1h: Rock Revetment Works at Penang Island

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5.4 PREDICTIVE METHODS AND TOOLS

(a) Impact assessment can utilise a wide range of predictive tools and
models. Among the accepted methods include:

(i) Expert opinion.

(ii) Consultations and questionnaires.
(iii) Checklists.
(iv) Spatial analysis.
(v) Network and system analysis.
(vi) Matrices.
(vii) Carrying capacity analysis.
(viii) Mathematical and computer modelling.
(ix) Case studies.

(b) Where possible, simple methodology is preferred, though this depends

on the complexity of the impacts. Whichever method is chosen, it must
be appropriate to address the problem, taking into consideration the
localised conditions of the site.

(c) For computer modelling, the following information is required:

(i) Name and description of method/model.

(ii) Model set-up.
(iii) Data collection and analysis.
(iv) Calibration and validation.
(v) Detail of scenarios for modelling.
(vi) Presentation of results (raw data, table form, graphs).
(vii) Limitations in data collection or method chosen.

(d) It has to be noted that all modelling exercises carried out shall capture
the impacts under the various scenarios, either for short-, mid- to long-
term. The modelling studies shall undergo verification, calibration and
validation. The outputs of the modelling studies shall be presented in a
concise manner and all uncertainties shall be discussed.

(e) Technical reports, data analysis and tables and raw data, where
necessary, shall be included as part of the appendix of the EIA to support
the impact assessment methodology.

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(f) Ultimately, the main text for impact assessment in the EIA shall be the
predictive results and outputs of studies, which have to be in sufficient
technical details to support the assessment. It must also be written in a
manner that is easily understood by decision makers and the public.

(g) Tables 5.4.5 summarises examples of the available and accepted

prediction methods for impact assessment and expected outputs. The list
is not exhaustive. The Qualified Person has to propose the best methods
relevant to the project under study or to select one of the methods in the
list.

Table 5.4.5: Examples of Prediction Methods for Environmental Impacts

Impacts Prediction Methods Output
Hydraulic and • Use of hydraulic and • Sediment dispersion
Hydrodynamics hydrodynamics models which (concentration and extent)
meets the requirements of the from land reclamation,
DID. dredging and other
• 2D/3D modelling software e.g. construction works.
Delft3D including D-Flow module • Changes in the wave, water
to investigate hydrodynamics level and current condition at
pattern, dispersion of sediment the project site during and
transport and coastal after project implementation.
morphological processes. • Sediment transport along the
project site during pre- and
post-construction phase.
Erosion and • Revised Universal Soil Loss • Soil loss rates and sediment
Sedimentation Equation (RUSLE). yield.
• Modified Universal Soil Loss • Erosion risk and potential soil
Equation (MUSLE). loss maps.
• Computer models.
Hydrology • Hydrological procedures (DID). • Estimation of pre-construction
• Computer models for estimating and post-construction runoff.
peak flood, runoff, watershed
analysis, flood plain hydraulics,
etc. Examples include HEC-
HMS, HEC-RAS, FLO-2D,
TUFLOW, EXTRAN and Storm
Water Management Model
(SWMM).
• Hydrological analysis in
accordance with Manual Saliran
Mesra Alam Edisi-2 (MSMA-2)
and approved by DID.
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Impacts Prediction Methods Output

Water Quality • Mathematical models (one, two • Estimation of Total Suspended
or three-dimensional) analysis of Solids (TSS) (erosion) and
pollution loads and dispersion in River Oxygen Demand (ROD)
the waterways, such as and Ammoniacal Nitrogen
QUAL2K. MIKE11, etc. (AN) (sewage) concentration
• Simple mass balance models, affecting a stretch of river and
e.g. Streeter-Phelps Model. downstream sensitive areas.
• Operational sewage discharge • Estimation of pollution load
modelled using Ouai2K or Delft, and extent of effect on
D or MIKE11. sensitive receptors.

Air Quality • Gaussian plume dispersion • Dispersion contour map

model to assess dust generation indicating levels at sensitive
and gas dispersion over an area receptors.
under the worst case scenario. • Comparison of computed
values with the Malaysian
Ambient Air Quality Standards
(MAAQS).
• Determination of location of
maximum air pollution
concentration.
Noise Level • Mathematical models to assess • Quantitative values for noise
noise levels for point source or level at sensitive receptors.
linear sources. • Noise contour map Indicating
• Noise modelling software such levels at sensitive areas.
as SoundPlan: CadNa or • Comparison of computed
Geographic Information System values to DOE's permissible
(GIS) acoustic models. noise limits.
• Traffic noise models.
Biomass • Estimation on total biomass • Predicted biomass waste
based on vegetation types and generation.
published studies values.
Scheduled • Identification of potential • Predicted scheduled waste
Wastes scheduled wastes generation generation.
during construction and
operations based on project
activities.

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Impacts Prediction Methods Output

Ecology • Comparative assessment of • Habitat map.
conservation status and • Species inventory, especially
sensitivity of habitat, flora and of rare, endangered,
fauna. threatened and near extinct
• Ecological models for species species that may require
diversity and population protection.
change.
• Limit of Acceptable Change
(LAC).
• Spatial models such as
GLOBIO3.
Socio-economy • Social and economic surveys • Socio-economic profiling.
on affected population. • Public opinion survey results.
• Perception survey to ascertain • Stakeholder feedback for
acceptance of project. EIA including possible
• SIA. mitigation measures.

Landuse • Compatibility assessment • Landuse compatibility and

based on structure plan, local buffer requirements.
plan and other guidelines.
• Adherence to required setback
based on national and state
guidelines.
Public Health • Qualitative/quantitative health • Potential health impacts to
risk assessment (HRA) nearby population.
encompassing hazard
identification, exposure
assessment and risk
characterisation.
Solid Wastes • Waste generation estimation • Predicted waste generation
based on population. and disposal management.

Traffic • Traffic impact assessment • Comparison of traffic

including simulation of peak scenarios pre- and post-
traffic flows under various project and need for road
scenarios and junction analysis, improvements.
e.g. Signalised and
Unsignalised Intersection
Design and Research Aid
(SIDRA).

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Impacts Prediction Methods Output

Infrastructure • Existing demand estimation • Estimates of demand.
and Utilities methods by regulators, e.g.
population equivalent (PE)
calculations [National Water
Services Commission (SPAN)].
• Comparison of existing supply
to meet future demand to
determine adequacy.
Aesthetics • Visual assessment on scenic • Before and after scenario.
and aesthetic value of the area.
• 2-D and 3-D Viewshed
Analysis.
• Economic valuation.
Note: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project. It is the responsibility of the Project Proponent
and Qualified Person to determine the relevant method required for environmental as and compliance.

5.5 OUTCOMES FROM ASSESSMENT

The method to determine the level of significant impact is to benchmark the

results against the stipulated current criteria and standard limits imposed by
DOE and various GAs.

In situations where there are no local standards or limits, regional and

international examples of limits and adherence levels can be adopted based on
expert opinion of the Qualified Person. However, the chosen criteria and
standards must be suitable and relevant to local conditions.

Table 5.5.1 provides a list of the evaluation criteria for various environmental
components as a guide.

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Table 5.5.1: Criteria and Standards for Environmental Parameters

Impacts Evaluation Criteria
Erosion and Guidance Documents
Sedimentation (a) Guidance Document for Addressing Soil Erosion and
Sediment Control Aspects in the EIA Report (DOE).
(b) Guidance Document for the Preparation of the Document
on LD-P2M2 (DOE).
(c) Guidelines on LD-P2M2 (DOE, 2017).
(d) Guidelines for Erosion and Sediment Control in Malaysia
(DID).
(e) MSMA-2.

Sediment basin/silt trap discharge

(a) TSS: 50 mg/L, depending on locality.
(b) Turbidity: 250 NTU.

Silt curtain
(a) TSS: Shall be based on the limit stated in Malaysia Marine
Water Quality Criteria and Standards for Malaysia
(MMWQCS).
(b) Turbidity: 250 NTU.
Water Quality and (a) Ambient water quality: National Water Quality Standards
Pollution Control (NWQS).
(b) Ambient marine water quality: MMWQCS.
(c) Sewage discharge: Environmental Quality (Sewage)
Regulations 2009.
(d) Toilets and septic tanks: SPAN approved design and
requirements.
(e) Vessels: The International Convention for the Prevention
of Pollution from Ships 1973/1978 (MARPOL 73/78) and
Marine Department of Peninsular Malaysia requirements -
oil, sewage, bilge, ballast water, solid and scheduled
wastes (Annex I, IV and IV).
Flood/Runoff MSMA-2 requirements.
Management
Air Quality (a) Environmental Quality (Clean Air) Regulations 2014.
(b) MAAQS.
(c) MARPOL Annex VI on ship emissions.

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Impacts Evaluation Criteria

Noise Level (a) The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Noise Limits
and Control (DOE).
(b) Factories and Machinery (Noise Exposure) Regulations
1989.
(c) UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/20/INF/8: Scientific Synthesis of the
Impact of Underwater Noise on Marine and Coastal
Biodiversity and Habitats (UNEP, 2016).
Vibration The Planning Guidelines for Environmental Vibration Limits and
Control (DOE).
Ecology (a) International Union on the Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
and Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) listing.
(b) Fisheries Act 1985.
(c) Wildlife Conservation Act 2010.
(d) Feedback from Department of Marine Park Malaysia, DOF,
PERHILITAN and JPSM.
Landuse (a) Structure Plans, Local Plans, Special Area Plans (SAP).
(b) ESA Listing under the NPP-3.
(c) Marine Park Management Plan.
(d) Requirements in the National Physical Coastal Zone Plan
(NPCZP).
(e) Local authority requirements.
Land Traffic (a) Acceptable level of service (LOS) for traffic flows.
(b) Local authority requirement.
Safety and Health (a) Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994.
(b) Factory and Machinery Act 1967.
(c) Department of Safety and Health (DOSH) requirements.
(d) International Labour Organisation (ILO) and other
guidelines.
(e) Guidance Document on HIA in EIA (DOE).
(f) EIA Guidelines for Risk Assessment (DOE).

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Impacts Evaluation Criteria

Wastes Scheduled wastes
Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005.

Other wastes
(a) Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007.
(b) Local authority requirements.

Vessels
The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships 1973/1978 (MARPOL 73/78) and Marine Department of
Peninsular Malaysia requirements - solid and scheduled wastes.
Socio-economy (a) Public perception on acceptability.
(b) National Heritage Register (National Heritage
Department).
(c) Preservation of cultural, heritage, historical, and
archaeological items and sites of significance.
(d) SIA requirements in the context of the TCPA (Amendment)
2017 (Act A1522) for three categories:

SIA Category 1: Development projects under subsection 20B(1)

and (2) of Act A1522 for coastal reclamation projects and major
national infrastructure.

SIA Category 2: Development projects under subsection 22(2A)

Act 172 for new township development for population over
10,000 people or covering area over 100 ha or both, major
national infrastructure.

SIA Category 3: Any other development projects with significant

social impacts as ordered by the MPFN from time to time.
Treatment (a) Technical Guidance Document on the Design and
Systems Operation of Industrial Effluent Treatment Systems (DOE,
2015).
(b) Technical Guidance Document on Performance Monitoring
of Industrial Effluent Treatment Systems (DOE, 2015).
(c) Technical Guidance Document on Performance Monitoring
of Air Pollution Control Systems (DOE, 2006).
Visual Aesthetics Public perception on acceptability.
Notes: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the project The Project Proponent and Qualified Person
shall make reference to the latest standards and requirements by the authorities.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 6

CHAPTER 6
MITIGATION MEASURES

6.1 INTRODUCTION

This Chapter shall focus on P2M2s that serve to address the significant adverse
environmental impacts identified during the scoping exercise and impact
assessment phases of the EIA. The mitigation measures provided in this
Chapter shall serve as a guide only.

The implementation of P2M2 is intended to achieve the following:

(a) Avoidance of negative impacts through selection of alternatives to

implement the preventive measures.

(b) When an impact cannot be avoided, to adopt relevant mitigation

measures to minimise the impacts.

(c) Enhance and amplify the beneficial impacts.

(d) Ensure that residual impacts are kept within acceptable levels.

6.2 PRINCIPLES OF ADOPTION OF P2M2

The basic principles of P2M2s implementation include:

(a) The need and extent of P2M2s required shall correspond to the
significance of the predicted impact. Once an issue is identified as
significant, P2M2s must be identified and elaborated in detail in the EIA
(e.g. for and from engineering design and calculations for slope
reinforcement works on cut slopes). For minor issues, management
actions and simple measures need only be highlighted (e.g. need for
water browsing for dust control at site).

(b) Priority shall be on control at source (e.g. use of erosion control covers
on slopes and platforms to reduce erosion) and rectifying the effects (e.g.
maintenance on silt traps and removal of accumulated silt from
drainage).

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(c) Solutions shall be project-specific and designed for the site conditions
instead of using generic solution proposals. The P2M2s need not be
complex and costly, but shall instead be practical, easy to implement and
effective.

(d) The EIA shall include adequate explanation on the design and function of
a P2M2, supported by diagrams, illustrations, photos and maps. The
technical reports and specifications shall be included in the appendix of
the EIA.

(e) The use of new technology is encouraged if it can be proved to be

effective in mitigating the impacts. The Project Proponent or the Qualified
Person is responsible to provide proof and supporting evidence that the
proposed technology is tried and tested and able to address the impacts.

(f) P2M2s require regular inspection, maintenance and rehabilitation and

these shall be incorporated as part of the management requirements of
the project, including the allocation of adequate budgets for such
purposes.

(g) Effectiveness of P2M2s shall be documented and this is through

implementation of a monitoring programme.

The Qualified Person shall also propose Best Management Practices (BMPs)
based on the findings of the EIA for the project site.

The P2M2s and BMPs shall be incorporated into the overall design of the
project. The submission of the EIA and the pledge given by the Project
Proponent shall reflect the agreement and commitment towards ensuring
implementation of the mitigation measures on-site during all stages of work.

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6.3 BMPs ON TYPICAL CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE FOR LAND

RECLAMATION WORKS

6.3.1 Detailed Construction Sequence

6.3.1.1 Site Possession and Site Preparation

Site possession is defined as occupation of land, particularly by Contractor to

carry out the works. The Contractor will mobilize all machineries, plants and
equipment required for reclamation and other associated works after obtaining
the Site Possession from Client or Project Proponent. Temporary structures
and/or facilities such as laydown area, site office, fabrication yard, base camp,
and temporary jetty will be constructed after the site clearing. Temporary
hoarding along the landside of project boundary and signboard will be erected
and site access will be established to control access to and from the project
site.

Site Possession and Site

Preparation

Setting out and Pre-Reclamation Survey Works

Construction of Containment Bund

Reclamation Works until Design Level

Ground Treatment Works

Testing and Removal of Surcharge to

Required Platform Level

Construction of Coastal
Protection Works

Construction of Top Site Development

(by others)

Figure 6.3.1: Typical Construction Sequence for Land Reclamation Works

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Figure 6.3.2: Example of Site Access and Hoarding

Figure 6.3.3: Example of Temporary Jetty for Land Reclamation Works

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Figure 6.3.4: Example of Site Office and Workers Base Camp

Figure 6.3.5: Example of Skid Tank with Containment Tray

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6.3.1.2 Setting out and Pre-Land Reclamation Survey

A licensed surveyor appointed by the Contractor will conduct a setting out and
pre-land reclamation survey to confirm the extent of the project boundary and to
determine the current seabed and topography level within the project boundary.
Temporary bench marks will be established at or near to the project site for
reference during interim and handover survey works. The boundary of the
project site shall be demarcated using timber or steel pipe pegs and these pegs
shall not be disturbed during the construction works.

Figure 6.3.6: Example of Temporary Bench Mark

6.3.1.3 Land Reclamation Works and Ground Treatment Works

Land Reclamation works will be undertaken by first constructing perimeter

bunds before offloading fill material. Given that the land reclamation area is
usually a large area, it is considered that, practically, the land reclamation will
need to be carried out progressively in phases of reclamation areas.

The sequence of land reclamation is described as below and:

(i) Install silt curtain along the perimeter of proposed land reclamation
boundary based on the specification by Consultant.

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Figure 6.3.7: Example of Installed Silt Curtain prior to Land Reclamation

Works

(ii) Construct a temporary containment bund using sand or rock material.

The typical construction method of sand containment bund and rock
bund are as follows:

(i) The construction of sand containment bund is carried out by

pumping sand from the Trailing Suction Hopper Dredger (TSHD) to
the land reclamation area via conveyor belt, pipeline or excavator
positioned in the flat top barge. The bund will be shaped by a long
reach excavator operating from a barge. Example of containment
bund construction is shown below:

Figure 6.3.8: Sand Filling Works using Conveyor Belt from TSHD
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Figure 6.3.9: Construction of Sand Containment Bund using Flat Top Barge
and Excavator

(ii) Typically, the construction of rock containment bund is done by

placing a layer of sand over the footprint of the proposed rock bund
alignment. The rock material for the bund will be delivered by
barges and placed by a long reach excavator operating from a
barge.

Figure 6.3.10: Typical Construction Sequence of Rock Containment

Bund
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(iii) Once the land reclamation area is surrounded by the containment

bunds, fill material is pumped to the land reclamation area at the
back of temporary containment bunds to the design level
determined by the Consultant.

(iv) Ground treatment works such as Prefabricated Vertical Drain

System (PVD) and surcharge will be carried out to accelerate the
ground consolidation and settlement. Figures 6.3.11 – 6.3.12 below
shows the typical process of ground treatment using PVD and
surcharge.

Figure 6.3.11: Ground Treatment Works using PVD System

Figure 6.3.12: Offshore PVD Works

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(v) Install instrumentation to ensure that the performance criteria of the

land reclamation are met (e.g. degree of consolidation and long
term settlement). Besides, the monitoring results also give good
indication on the stability of the reclaimed platform especially during
the construction period.

6.3.1.4 Testing and Removal of Surcharge to Required Levels

The surcharge material from ground treatment works will be trimmed after the
required performance criteria are met by conducting field test and laboratory
test. Handover survey shall be carried out by licensed surveyor to verify that the
platform levels have achieved the required levels by the Project Proponent
(refer Figure 6.3.13).

Figure 6.3.13: Surcharge of Land Reclamation Area

6.3.1.5 Construction of Coastal Protection Structure

The coastal protection structure such as rock revetment or sea wall will be
constructed after completion of land reclamation and ground treatment works
(or otherwise depending on the Consultant’s design). In example of coastal
protection structure of rock revetment, the slope will be trimmed and a layer of
geotextile will be placed on the trimmed surface, followed by placement of
armour rocks by a long reach excavator/grab dredger operating from a barge or
from the crest of the revetment (refer Figure 6.3.14).

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Figure 6.3.14: Example of Rock Revetment Construction Works

These typical construction sequences may be repeated continuously for the

next subsection of land reclamation until full phase of the land reclamation is
completed depending on the size of the land reclamation project.

6.4 APPROACHES TOWARDS P2M2 ADOPTION

6.4.1 General P2M2s and BMPs

The Qualified Person shall identify and incorporate into the EIA, any additional
P2M2 and BMPs required to mitigate significant impacts from the project site.

The Project Proponent and Qualified Person shall recommend alternative

measures and/or introduce newer technology whenever these are proven more
effective. At the EIA stage, the P2M2 shall be detailed out as best as possible
and reported in the EIA Report.

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The key P2M2 that are applicable:

(a) Ecological Management

(b) Erosion and Sediment Control Measures
(c) Slope Failures
(d) Drainage and Flooding
(e) Water Pollution Control

Other mitigation measures that may be required include:

(a) Air Pollution Control

(b) Noise and Vibration Control
(c) Waste Management
(d) Safety and Health
(e) Land and Marine Traffic Management

6.4.2 LD-P2M2

(a) LD-P2M2 is a newly mandated requirement by DOE under the

mainstreaming environmental agenda to effect a paradigm shift towards
a culture of SR, placing the onus of environmental protection clearly on
the Project Proponent to implement and comply.

(b) The LD-P2M2 is required as long as there are any land disturbing
activities, subject to Section 34A of the EQA 1974, carried out during
project development.

(c) The LD-P2M2 forms an integral part of the EIA process and must be
taken into account during the project planning cycle to ensure that the
recommendations in the document are incorporated into the project.

(d) During project implementation, it shall act as a reference document for

the Project Proponent, contractors and Environmental Officer (EO) in
implementing P2M2s and BMPs on-site, and in facilitating monitoring,
audit and enforcement.

(e) The Guidance Document for the Preparation of the Document on LD-
P2M2 in Appendix 4 of the EGIM (DOE, 2016) and “Guidelines on LD-
P2M2 by DOE” (2017) shall be referred in the preparation of the LD-
P2M2.

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6.4.3 LD-P2M2 Principles

(a) The LD-P2M2 is to be prepared and endorsed by a DOE registered

consultant who holds a certification issued by DOE, as a professional for
erosion and sediment control with a Professional CPESCTM Certification.

(b) The basic principles to develop the LD-P2M2 shall include:

(i) Integration of project design with site constraints.

(ii) Preservation and stabilisation of drainage and waterways.

(iii) Minimise the extent and duration of disturbance.

(iv) Control of runoff flows into, through and from the site via stable
drainage structures.

(v) Installation of perimeter controls.

(vi) Stabilisation of disturbed areas in a timely manner.

(vii) Protection of steep slopes.

(viii) Use of sediment controls to prevent off-site damage.

(ix) Protect inlets, storm drain outfalls and culverts.

(x) Provide access and general construction controls.

(xi) Inspect and maintain BMPs for control measures.

(xii) Employ experienced and qualified persons for monitoring and

consistently conduct relevant training.

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6.4.4 Standard Requirements for Submission

(a) The LD-P2M2 report shall include all required information as per the LD-
P2M2 standard requirements for submission (refer to Table 6.4.1) and
accompanied by relevant technical drawings and maps.

(b) The Project Proponent is required to make a legal pledge to undertake

efforts, measures, actions or due diligence in accomplishing the
overarching goal of protecting the environment and in mitigating the
adverse environmental impacts in the process of the proposed project
development.

Table 6.4.1: Standard Requirements for the LD-P2M2 Submission

Requirement Information to be Included
Project Activity and • Phasing plan.
Implementation • Project implementation schedule.
• Description of construction activities.
• Construction schedule complete with timeline or charts for
P2M2s installation.
• Construction method statements.

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Requirement Information to be Included

Information and • Selected weather and rainfall data.
Analysis on Project • Site runoff velocity and flow rates (pre and post-development).
Development • Description of site soil and geological characteristics (type,
erodibility, hydrologic group, percentage dispersible material,
excavation depth, etc.).
• Description of adjacent areas that may be affected by land
disturbance.
• List of drainage, streams and river onsite as well as receiving
streams and rivers.
• List of P2M2s proposed.
• Access roads and project components located outside of
project boundary.
• Earthworks cut and fill volume.
• Availability of rocks materials.
• Biomass management.
• Solid (construction waste) and domestic waste management.
• Spill prevention and control plan.
• Hazardous waste management.
• Soil loss prediction (pre, during and post-development) for with
and without LD-P2M2 implementation scenarios.
• Calculation for sediment traps/basins and projected runoff
flows.
Map of Site Plan • Topographic survey map.
with Existing • Geological Terrain Map.
Conditions • Erosion risk map.
• Landuse map.
• Site development plan map.
Source: Guidance Document for the Preparation of the Document on LD-P2M2, DOE, 2016

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 7

CHAPTER 7
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

7.1 INTRODUCTION

The EMP is a legal document prepared by the Project Proponent, incorporating

the LD-P2M2, other P2M2s and BMPs as recommended in the EIA), including
the Conditions of Approval (COA) by the DOE.

The EMP shall function as a project implementation tool for the Environmental
Management Team to carry out mitigation works on-site. The key contents of
the EMP are required to be translated into a format for incorporation into the Bill
of Quantities (BQ) for the work scopes of the contractors during construction
and operations.

Other than mitigation measures, the EMP shall include an environmental

monitoring and audit programme to assess the effectiveness of the P2M2s
implementation.

The EMP is a living document and has to be updated if there are major changes
to the project design, layout or method statement that may result in impacts to
the environment.

7.2 EMP FRAMEWORK

In the EIA phase, the project may not have sufficient detailed information on the
project work plan to produce a comprehensive EMP. The EMP chapter in the
EIA will only be an EMP framework for eventual morphing into a full EMP after
the EIA approval stage.

The Project Proponent can decide to undertake the detailed EMP at the same
time as the EIA Report and both can be submitted concurrently. The EMP can
later be updated to incorporate the requirements of the COAs. The standard
COAs to be included are:

(a) Monthly monitoring of water quality of receiving water body by Accredited

Laboratory or any other frequency as determined by DOE.

(b) Monthly monitoring of TSS and Turbidity at inlets and outlets of sediment
structures or any other frequency as determined by DOE.

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(c) In-situ monitoring of TSS and Turbidity after rain event.

(d) Monthly or Quarterly monitoring of air, noise and vibration qualities

depending on sensitivity of receptor.

(e) Planning, construction and maintenance of LD-P2M2 on site.

(f) P2M2 notification and implementation.

(g) Identification of need of competent persons to undertake specific task on

site.

(h) Description and implementation details of EMT.

(i) Clear documentation on any transfer of ownership or proponent of

Approved EIA.

(j) Allocation and reporting of sufficient resources to undertake the project

activities on-site.

(k) Temporary/permanent abandonment/project closure plan details for all

phases.

(l) Implementation of 5S concept in good housekeeping practices.

(m) Any other green initiatives undertaken for site development activities

The EMP format, shall be based on the requirements stated within the EGIM
(DOE, 2016), and shall contain details of the LD-P2M2 Document and proposed
monitoring and audit programme.

7.3 SELF-REGULATION

Environmental Mainstreaming (EM) is a strategic tool that allows for the cultural
evolution of embracing the environmental agenda at all levels of the
organisational structure of the Project Proponent. With the understanding of
EM, all key personnel in an Organisation can play a role in safe guarding our
environment in an effective manner. As such, the elements as espoused in the
EMT provide a Guide in achieving the ultimate Goal of Environmental
Excellence in an Organisation. An overview of the EMT, as shown in Figure
7.3.1.

90
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Environmental Mainstreaming Tools (EMT)

Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental Environmental

Policy (EP) Budget (EB) Monitoring Facility (EF) Competency Reporting and Transparency
Committee (EMC) (EC) Communication (ET)
(ERC)

Environmental Mini Laboratory

Performance
Monitoring Record Keeping
Committee
(EPMC)
Waste Management
Data Analysis &
Interpretation

Environmental
Regulatory
Compliance
Monitoring
Committee

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 7

7.3.1 Environmental Policy (EP)

A Policy is a commitment from the Project Proponent on their strong

environmental accountability to ensure compliance is through the responsibility
of all personnel.

7.3.2 Environmental Budgeting (EB)

Sufficient budget shall be allocated for the implementation of the EM in the

Organisation and shall be reviewed on a regular basis to ensure top priority is
given to achieving environmental excellence in its perpetuity.

The budget list must be included as the following:

(a) Environmental Training

(b) LD-P2M2
(c) Monitoring & Audit

7.3.3 Environmental Monitoring Committee (EMC)

EMC shall play important role in identifying all future improvements needed to
ensure the EM has achieved its goal. Implementation of future improvements
must be scheduled and financial resources allocated to ensure that these
improvements can be made without delay. The EMC shall comprise of the
Environmental Performance Monitoring Committee (EPMC) members and the
Environmental Regulatory Compliance Monitoring Committee (ERCMC)
Members.

Lines of communication between the Project Proponent and EMC with the
relevant stakeholders must be clearly spelled out, these is not only limited to
project site management but also in engagements with affected communities
and the general public.

7.3.3.1 Environmental Performance Monitoring Committee (EPMC)

EPMC is a committee set up at the operational level of the company to monitor

the operations, maintenance and performance of all Pollution Prevention and
Mitigation measures implemented to minimize any adverse impacts of the
company’s operations on the receiving environment. Members must be
appointed by the Decision makers in the company and must meet monthly to
monitor and report on Environmental Targets met.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 7

The objectives of the EPMC are as follows:

(a) Establish a Maintenance programme for pollution control structures,

waste management, nuisance factors and all erosion and sedimentation
control elements on a regular basis.

(b) Devise training programmes for on-site workers to include awareness of

the requirements pertaining to good environmental practices and
consistent environmental compliance.

(c) Allocate administrative responsibilities for planning and managing the

environmental requirements as outlined in the EIA COA.

(d) Ensure the implementation of P2M2.

(e) Implement a monitoring programme (i.e., IM, CM and PM) to check the
effectiveness of the mitigation measures provided.

(f) Ensure that mitigation measures are incorporated in all relevant contracts
and design of the site.

7.3.3.2 Environmental Regulatory Compliance Monitoring Committee (ERCMC)

ERCMC is the Committee set by the Project Proponent to monitor the

implementation of the EP and to review the Environmental Performance of the
Project Proponent in terms of Regulatory compliance on a periodic basis. The
ERCMC must be headed by the highest decision maker in any company and
must meet regularly with proper records to show its findings.

The objectives of the ERCMC are as follows:

(a) Implement the EP and make revisions as and when needed.

(b) Study implications of new environmental Regulations on company’s

activities.

(c) Provide financial resources for any environmental improvement projects.

(d) Understand and take ownership of Company’s performance in EM.

(e) Address any non-compliance issues.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 7

7.3.4 Environmental Facility (EF)

EF is incorporated in the Project Proponent’s overall infrastructural planning to

comply with the environmental regulatory requirements.

(a) Mini Laboratory

In order to get immediate results on the performance of the P2M2 on site,

equipment needed to assist the Qualified Person in carrying out his
duties. Project Proponent has to establish a mini laboratory in its site to
fulfil this requirement. Equipment needed for the mini laboratory is pH
meter, DO meter, TSS & Turbidity meter.

(b) Performance Monitoring

Discharges and monitoring is needed to show compliance to the relevant

standards as stated in the Environmental Quality Act (Amendment) 2012
and its subsidiary Regulations.

In addition, the EIA terms of approval conditions that will be allude that all
prevention and control measures; stated in the EIA study will need to be
adhered to. The project proponent and the contractor shall be
responsible in ensuring that all applicable laws, regulations and
guidelines are complied with. TSS & Turbidity meter is one of the major
equipment needed to carry out the performance monitoring at the
sediment basin/silt trap discharge.

(c) Waste Management

Project Proponent has to establish efficient waste management system

by ensuring proper waste collection/disposal to comply with the
environmental regulatory requirements and prevent environmental
pollution.

7.3.5 Environmental Competency (EC)

The need for competency has been established by DOE to play the bridge
between the Project Proponent and DOE in ensuring the regulatory compliance
is on a continuous basis.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 7

The role of the Competent Person is as follows:

(a) Ensures P2M2 is implemented on site.

(b) Conducts and supervises in-situ sampling and testing.
(c) Supervises environmental monitoring.
(d) Ensures corrective actions are implemented.
(e) Conducts daily inspection at site.
(f) Reviews Environmental monitoring reports (EMRs) for compliance to
COAs.
(g) Ensure timely submission of the Environmental Monitoring Compliance
Reports (EMCRs) and other reports to DOE.

7.3.6 Environmental Reporting and Communication (ERC)

Reports as required by DOE should address all control and mitigation measures
for the following:

(a) Land clearing of site.

(b) All activities during the Project Platform preparation stage.
(c) All activities during the operational stage of the Project.

(i) Record Keeping

A documented procedure on record keeping for the activities, operations

and maintenance of the P2M2 must be established to ensure all aspects
of the compliance and performance of the Organisation in EM is properly
and easily referred to. Records must be made available to DOE the
Regulator whenever asked for.

(ii) Data Analysis & Interpretation

The Competent Person has to analyse and interpret the data from the IM,
CM and PM in a suitable format for presentation the ERCMC and EPMC
for any decision making purpose. Any upset conditions data must also be
analysed so that records can be kept for continuous improvement
purposes.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 7

7.3.7 Environmental Transparency (ET)

The company status, environmental policy, compliance and achievement can

be displayed on company website or billboard located at the Project Site
boundary or entrance to the company’s premise to improve public confidence.

An annual environmental Sustainability Report has to be prepared and

submitted to DOE. A sample of the Sustainability Report is appended in
Appendix 6.

7.4 MONITORING AND AUDIT PROGRAMME

The environmental monitoring and audit programme is an important component

of the EMP. Monitoring and audit shall be implemented during the post-EIA
stage.

7.4.1 Monitoring Category

Environmental monitoring can be categorised into three main types:

(a) Performance Monitoring (PM)

(i) Relates to the monitoring of the performance treatment systems

such as industrial effluent treatment systems (IETS), sewage
treatment systems (STS) and air pollution control systems (APCS).

(ii) This shall be undertaken by a Qualified Person with expertise in the

related treatment system.

(b) Compliance Monitoring (CM)

(i) Relates to the monitoring of P2M2s within the site and their
performance. Measurements are usually taken either of the ambient
parameters (water, air and noise) or of the discharge (sewage,
sediment basin).

(ii) This task shall be carried out by a Qualified Person such as the EO
and/or the Environmental Consultant.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 7

(c) Impact Monitoring (IM)

(i) Impact monitoring may only be required in cases where there is a

possibility that the impacts may still affect receptors outside of the
project boundary despite implementation of P2M2s.

(ii) This task must be carried out by a Qualified Person such as the
Environmental Consultant.

(iii) The monitoring locations and frequencies, parameters to monitor,

recommended limits, instrumentation and personnel requirements
shall need to be identified in the EMP framework.

7.4.2 Monitoring Methodology

(a) The extent of monitoring shall be determined by the scale of the project
and of the predicted impacts. Monitoring covers both within the project
site and outside of its boundary where impacts are perceived to affect
sensitive receptors.

(b) Details of the monitoring programme are to be decided upon by the

Qualified Person or Environmental Consultants, and be included in the
EIA to be approved by DOE before implementation.

(c) For specific projects, the monitoring programme shall be required to be

tailored to the site conditions and type of development. Table 7.4.1
shows a typical monitoring programme for land reclamation and dredging
activities.

7.4.3 Environmental Audit

(a) Environmental auditing is a post-EIA evaluation process to determine the

effectiveness and performance of the LD-P2M2s in compliance to the
COAs by the Project Proponent.

(b) Audit requirements are guided by the requirements in the Environmental

Audit Guidance Manual by DOE. The audit must be undertaken by an
independent party as a DOE registered auditor.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 7

(c) The typical audit process involves:

(i) Pre-audit: Preparation of a pre-audit checklist and information

request to the auditee. Submission of a notification of audit to DOE.
(ii) On-site Audit: Briefing to the auditee by Lead Auditor. Audit shall
include documentation review, site inspection, interviews with
relevant personnel to obtain the necessary information to gauge
compliance and site sampling (optional). Auditee will be briefed at
the Closing Meeting with the on-site Audit Summary submitted to
the state DOE.

(iii) Post-audit: Lead Auditor shall submit an Audit Report to the state
DOE and the Project Proponent to respond with a Corrective Action
Report (CAR) within two weeks from the audit date.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 7

Table 7.4.1: Proposed Environmental Monitoring Parameters for Land Reclamation and Dredging
Aspect Phase Method Parameters Frequency
Water Construction Grab sampling or other Ambient Monthly
Quality accepted standard methods NWQS.
(upstream and downstream
of waterways)
In-situ sampling at final Sediment basin/silt trap discharge After every heavy
discharge point TSS and Turbidity rain event (12.5
mm measured by
rain gauge)
Operational Sampling at sewage Sewage Monthly
treatment plant (STP) final Environmental Quality (Sewage)
discharge outlet Regulations 2009

Air Quality Construction Measurement by approved Ambient Quarterly

air sampler (boundary and Relevant parameters of the MAAQS
nearest receptors)
Noise Level Construction Measurement by approved Ambient Quarterly (ambient)
noise meter (boundary and The Planning Guidelines for and/or during
nearest receptors) Environmental Noise Limits and Control, blasting works
2nd Edition (DOE, 2007)
Vibration Construction Measurement by approved Ambient During piling and
vibration meter The Planning Guidelines for Vibration blasting works
Limits and Control in the Environment, 2nd
Edition (DOE, 2007)
Note: The list is not exhaustive and not all the above may be relevant to the port development project. It is the responsibility of the Project Proponent and Qualified Person to determine the
relevant information required for environmental assessment and compliance.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 8

CHAPTER 8
REPORTING AND REVIEW

8.1 INTRODUCTION

This Chapter provides the required format for EIA report preparation for
submission to the DOE for approval of projects.

8.1.1 EIA Report

An EIA shall be written in a concise manner that is easy to understand and be

able to convey the main message to the decision makers.

The EGIM (DOE, 2016) provides the specifications and format for EIA reporting.

8.1.2 EIA Report Format

(a) The EIA report shall typically include the following:

(i) Declaration from the Project Proponent and Qualified Person(s) in

the format detailed in Appendix 9 of EGIM (DOE, 2016).

(ii) Executive Summary of the EIA Report in Bahasa Malaysia and

English.

(iii) Brief introduction to the project, Project Proponent (address, key

person and contact information), Environmental Firm (address, key
person and contact information) and EIA Team Members (name,
academic qualifications, areas of study, signature).

(iv) Review of the policy, regulatory and legal requirements for the
project.

(v) TOR for the EIA Study as endorsed by the DOE. Endorsement
letter from DOE to be attached as appendix to the EIA report.

(vi) Statement of need for the project.

(vii) Deliberation on the alternatives and project options.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 8

(viii) Detailed description of the project including site information,

concept and breakdown of major components, material and
manpower requirements, project activities and time schedule (refer
to Table 8.1.1). Mandatory to be addressed is rehabilitation of site if
the project is abandoned at any stage of project activity.

Table 8.1.1: Recommended Project Description in EIA Report

Project Details
(a) Project title.
(b) Name and contact details of the Project Proponent (contact person,
address, telephone number, e-mail address).
(c) Name of registered EIA Consulting Firm (EIA Team Leader, address,
telephone number, e-mail address).
(d) Location of project (coordinates, lot no, district, etc.).
(e) Relevant map showing project location and accessibility.
Location
(a) General site plan including ZOS (5-km radius from project boundary and/or
1-km corridor (0.5 km on either side along the ROW for linear projects).
(b) Project boundary and layout including boundary coordinates.
(c) Description of location in relation to identifiable landmarks (e.g. city centres,
main roads, towns, etc.).
Project Component and Design Details
(a) Project details (land area, buffer requirements, lots and land status).
(b) Project concept.
(c) Project components.
(d) Technology use.
(e) Examples of similar project type and scale.

Note: The above shall be supported with technical drawings, illustration and
diagrams.
Project Activities
(a) Method statement to be provided for major project activities during pre-
construction, construction and operational stages.
(b) Manpower requirements.
(c) Resource requirements (e.g. soil and aggregate sources, spoil disposal
area, etc.).

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 8

Infrastructure, Utilities and Amenities Requirement

Details of the estimated demand for:
(a) Water supply.
(b) Electricity.
(c) Sewerage.
(d) Telecommunications.
(e) Transport system.
(f) Waste management.
Project abandonment Plan and Rehabilitation
(a) Wastes.
(b) Structure.
(c) Site Stability.
(d) Closing and Maintenance.

Project Implementation Schedule

(a) The estimated timeline for various stages of project implementation from
planning, to construction and operational stages.
(b) Details of each stages of implementation.

(ix) Description of the baseline conditions (physical, chemical, ecology

and socio-economy) within the ZOS that may be impacted by the
project.

(x) Assessment of the significant impacts (positive and negative),

prediction of the extent and effects on nearby sensitive receptors
and proposal of P2M2s to minimise or enhance these impacts.

(xi) Details of public consultation and engagement as part of EIA

requirements.

(xii) EMP incorporating the LD-P2M2, monitoring and audit programme.

(xiii) Appendices containing technical studies, supporting documentation,

results of analysis, list of references, etc.

(b) An EIA Checklist shall be used as reference.

8.1.3 Executive Summary

The Executive Summary provides a concise brief of the findings and

recommendations from the EIA for decision makers to review.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 8

The Executive Summary shall be short and written in non-technical language,

both in Bahasa Malaysia and English, presenting the following information:

(a) Title of the project.

(b) Name and contact details of the Project Proponent.
(c) Name and contact details of EIA Team members.
(d) Location of the project site.
(e) Relevant maps showing project location and sensitive receptors and
extent of the ZOS.
(f) Alternatives considered.
(g) A tabulation of significant impacts and proposed P2M2s (format as
detailed in EGIM).
(h) Description of monitoring and audit programme (PM, CM and/or IM).
(i) Conclusion to the Study.

Soft copy of the Executive Summary (PDF format) shall be submitted to DOE
along with soft copy of the full EIA report.

8.1.4 Data Deliverables

(a) The Project Proponent shall make available all relevant data collected
during the EIA study to be submitted (raw and processed format) along
with the EIA report.

(b) Examples of such data includes – sampling results (certificates and raw
data), modelling databases, baseline data (surveys, hydrographic data
and climate data), metadata files, etc.

(c) This data shall be provided to the relevant government agencies upon
request.

8.2 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND PUBLIC DISPLAY

(a) Public briefing: For EIAs under the Second Schedule, public engagement
is mandatory. It can take many forms but the common one is through a
public briefing with the stakeholders within the ZOI. In the briefing, the
Project Proponent and EIA Team shall present the project brief followed
by a questions and answers (Q&A) session. All discussions will be
recorded and reported in the EIA.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 8

(b) Public display and review of EIA report: Likewise, after submission of the
EIA, there is a one-month review period whereby the public will officially
be requested to submit their responses and comments in writing to the
DOE. Notification of the public display is published in two local
newspapers consecutively, once every week for three weeks.

(c) Display locations: The EIA will be displayed at selected locations (DOE
office, public libraries and local authority offices) where the public can
view the documents easily. The Project Proponent and Qualified Person
can hold discussions with DOE to propose suitable locations for display.

(d) Online display: For both First and Second Schedule activities, the EIA will
be uploaded into the DOE website for the duration of the review period.

(e) Additional engagements: While it is only mandatory for the Second

Schedule EIA for official public engagement, all comments are useful in
the EIA study. The Project Proponent is encouraged to carry out
stakeholder engagements voluntarily even for the First Schedule EIA.

(f) Documentation: The public participation process shall be properly

documented and reported in the EIA. The report shall contain the
following:

(i) Details of the programme (dates, venue, itinerary).

(ii) Attendance list of participants.
(iii) Copies of survey forms.
(iv) Brief summary of findings from the event e.g. reports, minutes of
meeting, list of questions and responses, photograph of event.
(v) Video or voice recordings (optional and only as reference).

(g) The report shall form part of the appendix in the EIA, and the issues
brought up and responses from the Project Proponent, must be clearly
stated and discussed in the EIA report.

8.3 EIA REPORT AND SUBMISSION AND REVIEW PROCESS

A comparison of the EIA submission and review process for First and Second
Schedule EIA is presented in Table 8.3.1.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 8

Table 8.3.1: Comparison of Submission and Review Process for First and
Second Schedule EIA
Components First Schedule Activities Second Schedule Activities

Report Submission to DOE State Submit to DOE HQ

Submission Office

No. of Reports Minimum 12 hardcopies + 1 Minimum 35 hard copies + 1

softcopy to State DOE soft copy
1 hardcopy + 1 soft copy to
DOE HQ

No. of 5 hard copies + 1 soft copy 5 hard copies + 1 soft copy

Corrected EIA
(if needed)

Review 25 working days (5 weeks) 60 working days (12 weeks)

Timeline

Public Required Required

Participation

Public Display Not required Required

Web Display Required Required

Submit softcopy of the EIA Submit softcopy of the EIA
Report to DOE State Office. Report to DOE HQ.

Advertisement Not required Required.

Advertise in two major
newspapers.
Source: Adapted from EGIM, DOE, 2016

8.4 EIA REPORT EVALUATION CRITERIA

(a) The EGIM (DOE, 2016) provides a general guidance for the EIA Report
Quality Self-Assessment Tool (RQSAT) as shown in Table 8.4.1.

(b) This tool can be used by the Project Proponent and Qualified Person to
assist in conducting self-check of the quality of the EIA prior to
submission to the DOE, to avoid rejection.

(c) An EIA Checklist shall be appended, which is required to be filled in by

the EIA preparer and included in the EIA report.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 8

Table 8.4.1: Self-Assessment Tool for EIA Report Quality Control

Expected
Assessment Criteria Score
Assessment Results
• All important tasks (e.g. studies, public A The EIA report can be
engagements, modelling, etc., wherever approved.
relevant) were performed.
• All TOR components were covered.
• EIA Report complies with the report
standard format.
• Data and information are factually correct,
can be verified, and technically defensible.
• EIA report is coherent, legible and
balanced.
• Proposed P2M2s are considered to be
best available technologies (BATs) or best
practices.
• Project Proponent made pledge to
implement EMP and P2M2s.
• Most important tasks (e.g. studies, public B The EIA report can be
engagements, modelling, etc., wherever approved.
relevant) were performed but minor ones
were not performed.
• All TOR components were covered.
• EIA report complies with the report
standard format.
• Data and information are factually correct,
can be verified, and technically defensible
but some non-substantive facts cannot be
verified.
• EIA report is coherent, legible and
balanced but some non-substantive
information may not be presented clearly.
• Some non-crucial content (e.g. maps) of
EIA report are illegible or calculations not
performed or incorrect.
• Project Proponent made pledge to
implement EMP and P2M2s.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING CHAPTER 8

Expected
Assessment Criteria Score
Assessment Results
• Important tasks (e.g. studies, public F The EIA report cannot
engagements, modelling, etc., wherever be approved and will
relevant) were not performed. be rejected.
• Some TOR components were covered.
• EIA report did not comply with the report
standard format.
• Important data and information are
factually incorrect and are not technically
defensible.
• Important studies were not conducted, or
inadequate, or technically flawed.
• Some parts of EIA report are biased,
incoherent and unreadable.
• Proposed P2M2s are not considered to be
BATs or best practices.
• Project Proponent did not make pledge to
implement EMP and P2M2s.
Source: Adapted from EGIM, DOE, 2016

The possible outcomes of the EIATRC meetings are:

(a) Approval of the EIA Report, provided that the report meets with the
requirements of Section 34A (3) of the EQA 1974.

(b) Rejection of the EIA Report, where the report does not meet the
requirements of Section 34A (3) of the EQA 1974.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING REFERENCES

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FIA. (2018b). Fisheries Impact Assessment (FIA) Guidance Document for Sand Mining/
Dredging Activities.

FIA. (2018c). Fisheries Impact Assessment (FIA) Guidance Document for Coastal Reclamation
Activities.

Fisheries Act 1985 (Act 317). (2012). Malaysia: The Commissioner of Law Revision.

Immigration Act 1959/63 (Act 155). (2006). Malaysia: The Commissioner of Law Revision.

Integrated Envirotech Sdn. Bhd. & Awan Plasma Sdn. Bhd. (2017). Second Schedule
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed 120 Acres of Coastal Reclamation and 50
Acres of Water Chalets (Without Reclamation) at Pecan Klebang Section III, Mukim Klebang
Besar, Daerah Melaka Tengah, Melaka.

Jabatan Peguam Besar Negeri Sarawak. (2007). Rang Undang-Undang Kanun Tanah Negara
(Pindaan) 2007.

Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Negeri Selangor. (n.d.). Bab 5: Aspek alam sekitar
dalam perancangan. Manual Garis Panduan dan Piawaian Perancangan Negeri Selangor.

Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Perak Darul Ridzuan. (2002). Garis Panduan dan
Piawaian Perancangan Kawasan Pantai.

Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Semenanjung Malaysia. (2000). Garis Panduan dan
Piawaian Perancangan Kawasan Pantai. Malaysia: Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa
Semenanjung Malaysia.

Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Semenanjung Malaysia. (2012). Rancangan Fizikal
Zon Persisiran Pantai Negara. Malaysia: Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Semenanjung
Malaysia.

Marine Department Malaysia. (1953). Boat Rules 1953.

Marine Department Malaysia. (1986). Penang Port (Navigation within the Area of the Bridge)
Rules 1986.

Maritime Navigation Commission. (2014). Harbour Approach Channels Design Guidelines.

Belgium: PIANC.

Memos, C.D. (n.d.) Port Planning. Greece: National Technical University of Athens.

Merchant Shipping (Amendment and Extension) Act 2007 (Act A1316). (2007). Malaysia:
Percetakan Nasional Malaysia Berhad.
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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING REFERENCES

Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952. (2010). Malaysia: The Commissioner of Law Revision.
MLTIC. (2015). Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activities) (Environmental Impact
Assessment) Order 2015. Retrieved from http://mltic.my/printthispage.aspx?ID=MY13499

Ordinan Perkapalan Saudagar 1952. (1985). Kaedah-kaedah Perlabuhan (Keselamatan

Pekerja) 1985. Malaysia: Pesuruhjaya Penyemak Undang-Undang.

Ordinan Perkapalan Saudagar 1952. (1986). Kaedah-kaedah Perlabuhan Pulau Pinang

(Navigasi dalam Kawasan Jambatan) 1986. Malaysia: Pesuruhjaya Penyemak Undang-
Undang.

PEMSEA & Port Klang ICM National Demonstration Project. (2005). Port Klang Initial Risk
Assessment. Malaysia: GEF/UNDP/IMO Regional Programme.

Penang Port Commission Act 1955 (Act 140). (2006). Malaysia: The Commissioner of Law
Revision.

Port Authorities Act 1963 (Act 488). (2006). Malaysia: The Commissioner of Law Revision.

Port Klang Malaysia. (2010). Marine Information Handbook. Malaysia: Port Klang Authority.

Ports and Harbours (Ports, Harbours and Dues) Regulations 2008. (2011).

Ports and Harbours Bureau. (1991). Technical Standards for Port and Harbour Facilities in
Japan. Japan: The Overseas Coastal Area Development Institute of Japan.

Rancangan Tempatan Daerah Johor Bahru. (n.d.).

The Merchant Shipping Ordinace 1960. (2010). Malaysia: The Commissioner of Law Revision.

Town and Country Planning Act 1976 (Act 172). (2006). Malaysia: The Commissioner of Law
Revision.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1983). Engineering and Design: Dredging and Dredged
Material Disposal. Washington: Department of the Army.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (1985). A handbook for planners in
developing countries. Port Development. New York: United Nations.

Wathern, P. (1988). Environmental Impact Assessment: Theory and Practice. United Kingdom:
Taylor & Francis Group.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY

Accretion May be either natural or artificial. Natural accretion is the build-up of land,
solely by the action of the forces of nature, on a beach by deposition of
water-or airborne material. Artificial accretion is a similar build-up of land
by reason of an act of man, such as the accretion formed by a GROIN,
BREAKWATER, or beach fill deposited by mechanical means.

Air Pollution Control Equipment or machinery used in the capture and treatment of emissions
System (APCS) from fuel burning equipment, incinerators and other types of engines to
ensure it meets with the standards of the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality
Standards (MAAQS).

Analysis An examination in order to understand.

Anchorage An area off the coast which is suitable for a ship to anchor.

Appointed Persons appointed to be part of the TRC with expertise and specialist
Individuals (AIs) knowledge on specific fields/subjects to contribute to the technical review
of a report.

Approving Any government ministry, agencies or department with the authority to

Authority/Agencies approved a project and/or activity under their jurisdiction by law.

Aquatic Pertaining the ecosystem influenced by water and all its plants and
animal that live within or nearby which has adapted to life in such
environment.

Assessment Examination in order to decide.

Astronomical Tide The tidal levels and character which would result from gravitational
effects, e.g. of the Earth, Sub and Moon, without any atmospheric
influences.

Auditing Evaluation process carried out by an independent auditor to determine

effectiveness and performance of P2M2 and to ensure compliance of a
project with Condition Of Approval (COA).

Backshore That zone of the shore or beach lying between the foreshore and the
coastline comprising the berm or berms and acted upon by waves only
during severe storms, especially when combined with exceptionally high
water.

Bank (a) The rising ground bordering a lake, river, or sea; or of a river or
channel, for which it is designated as right or left as the observer is
facing downstream.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

(b) An elevation of the sea floor or larger area, located on a continental

(or island) shoals.

Baseline Data Site specific data pertaining to the existing environment (physical,
chemical, biological and human). It establishes the ambient situation,
usually before some drastic change occurs, e.g. a major project.

Baseline Studies Baseline studies are fundamental surveys of the physico-chemical,

biological, and human environment. They may be specific to a particular
project or they may have to be provide a data-base for future
Environmental Assessment or Environmental Impact Assessment at
other localities.

Basin A depressed area with no surface outlet, such as a lake basin or an

enclosed sea.

Bathymetry The measurement of water depths in oceans, seas, and lakes; also
information derived from such measurement.

Beach On a shore, the area on which the wave break and over which shore
debris, such as sand, shingle, pebbles accumulate. A beach includes
backshore and foreshore.

Bed The bottom of a watercourse, or any body of water.

Best Available The most current and advanced technologies and methods available for
Technology (BAT) pollution prevention and management.

Best Management Using the best controlling measures to prevent or mitigate pollution of
Practices (BMPs) other sources of environmental impact.

Bilge Water Wastes from ship bottom usually containing considerable oils.

Bill of Quantities Itemised list of construction works and management requirements for a
(BQ) project issued to a contractor or specialist to quote.

Biological Diversity/ The variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter
Biodiversity alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological
complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species,
between species and of ecosystems.

Breakwater A structure protecting a shore area, harbour, anchorage, or basin from

waves.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

Buffer Zone An area designated around the boundary of a project and/or adjacent to
environmentally sensitive areas where no or limited development is
allowed for the purpose of mitigating against any environmental impact
from the site to the surrounding areas or vice versa.
Carrying Capacity (a) Maximum population size if the species that the environment can
sustain indefinitely, given the flood, habitat, water, and other
necessities available in the environment.

(b) The ability of a built resource or natural resource to absorb

population growth and related physical development without
degradation.

Catchment The area determined by landform within which falling rain will contribute
to runoff at a particular point such as a stream or river. Often, it is used
synonymously with basin or watershed.

Chart Datum The plane or level to which soundings (or elevations) or tide heights are
referenced (usually Low Water Datum).

Checklist A list for verification purposes, a comprehensive list; an inventory.

Coastal Processes Collective term covering the action of natural forces on the shoreline, and
near shore seabed.

Coastal Profiling Studies, measurements and observations done along the coastline to
determine its physical parameters and conditions, i.e. contours,
bathymetry, accreting and erosional areas, type of substrate, etc.

Coastal Protection Any structural and non-structural works used in the reduction of erosion
of the coastline.

Community Any naturally occurring group of different organisms sharing a particular

habitat.

Qualified Person A person with the necessary skills and knowledge to carry out the specific
technical task, usually gained through certification, work experience or
training.

Compliance Monitoring of P2M2 installed within the project site to ensure they are
Monitoring (CM) functional and effective in treating pollutants.

Conditions of A set of legally binding instructions and requirements prepared by DOE

Approval (COA) after the end of EIA process for the Project Proponent to abide by for all
phases of the development.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

Coral Reefs A coral-alga mound or ridge of in-place coral colonies and skeletal
fragments, carbonate sand, and organically-secreted calcium carbonate.
A coral reed is built up around wave-resistant framework, usually of older
coral colonies.

Cumulative Impact The total sum from combination of various activities or sources resulting
in accumulation and aggregation of multiple impacts which would be
significantly expanded as compared to a single event.

Cut and Fill Procedure in which the elevation of a landform surface is modified by the
removal or addition of surface material.

Data A general term used to denote any kind or all facts in the form of
numbers, letters, text or symbols. (Raw facts or statistics which alone
have little or no meaning, but as a group allow some meaningful
relationships to be drawn).

Development Order A legal approval for a Project Proponent to proceed with the construction
(DO) of a project once they have satisfied the requirements of the approving
authority, i.e. One Stop Centre (OSC).

Digital Elevation Digital model or 3D representation of terrain’s surface created from

Model (DEM) terrain elevation data.

Disaster Risk The level of risk and susceptibility of an area towards natural or man-
Factor made disasters, such as tsunamis, wildfires, landslides, flood, drought,
etc.

Disposal Area A designated or gazette area specifically for the storage of waste or
excess materials generated from construction.

Drainage Natural or artificial removal of surface and sub-surface water from an

area.

Earthworks Excavation and relocation of large quantities of soil and earth to form
slopes, platforms, embankments, etc.

Ecology The study of the habits and modes of life-living organisms (such as plants
and animals), and their relationships to each other and their environment.

Ecosystem A dynamic complex of plant, animal and microorganism communities and

their non-living environment that interact as a function unit.

Emergency A manual incorporating all measures, actions, roles and responsibilities

Response Plan for the project team to take action during emergencies and crisis, covers
(ERP) various scenarios that may occur during construction and operations.
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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

Environment The surrounding zone (the specific zone to be affected by the project), all
natural resources (physical and biological and human resources people,
economic development and quality of life values).

Environment Impact A study to identify, predict, evaluate and communicate information about
Assessment (EIA) the impacts (both beneficial and adverse) on the environment of a
proposed development activity and to detail out the mitigating measures
prior to project approval and implementation.

Environmental A legally binding document which spells out in concise details the
Management Plan environmental requirements and P2M2 as detailed in the EIA and LD-
(EMP) P2M2 as well as other information, e.g. environmental budget, monitoring
and audit programmes and roles and responsibilities of the
Environmental Management Team (EMT).

Environmental Special team comprising of relevant personnel of a project with specific

Management Team roles and responsibilities in the management of environmental matters at-
(EMT) site.

Environmental A person mandated to oversee all aspects of managing environmental

Manager (EM) compliance for a project, usually heads the EMT.

Environmental Observation of effects of development projects on environmental

Monitoring resources and values, including sampling, analysis, temporary monitoring
during project construction stage and continuing periodic monitoring
following commencement of project operations. Environmental monitoring
allows the actual impacts of the project to be measured and improves the
data-base for future impact prediction.

Environmental The site personnel directly in charge of supervising a site to ensure that
Officer all P2M2 are in place, maintained and repaired and that all requirements
within the COA are adhered by the contractors. Other task includes
training of staff, taking samples for reporting and attending site
walkabouts and meetings.

Environmental Organisational setup within the Project Proponent which shall manage
Performance environmental compliance at the working group level during construction
Monitoring and operation phases of a project.
Committee (EPMC)

Environmental Statement by the Project Proponent and/or Qualified Person preparing

Pledge/Declaration the EIA that they have carried out the study in the proper manner and all
facts and figures are to their knowledge true and correct and that they will
carry out the recommendations and P2M2 for the project as described in
the EIA.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

Environmental Organisational setup within the Project Proponent which shall

Regulatory management environmental compliance at the policy level during
Compliance construction and operational phase of a project.
Monitoring
Committee
(RMCMC)

Environmental A report detailing the findings of the environmental scoping carried out for
Scoping Information a site to allow for decision making through identification of significant
(ESI) impacts, proposals for mitigation measures and required studies.

Environmental Technique to integrated large amounts of information for a rapid

Scoping Matrix assessment in identifying significant impacts based on project activities
and their impacts on different aspects of the environment.

Environmentally Areas of critical importance which has characteristics of significant

Sensitive Areas biodiversity value; natural heritage; scenic beauty; provision of important
(ESA) ecosystem services; and/or is easily degraded due to natural and
anthropogenic impacts, warranting its protection and conservation.

Erosion The detachment or wearing away of the earth’s surface, particularly soil
or loose materials, by flowing water, wind or other geological agents.

Erosion and Document incorporating all erosion and sediment control measures as
Sediment Control required by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) for a site.
Plan (ESCP) Usually prepared by a professional engineer (PE) to be endorsed by DID.

Eutrophication The natural process of nutrient enrichment of water body which is

enhanced by phosphate and nitrate waste from human activity. It can
cause excessive organic growth and depletion of oxygen concentrations,
resulting in death of aquatic animals and higher plants.

Geological Terrain Report prepared by a licensed Geologist required by the Minerals and
Mapping (GTM) Geoscience Department (JMG) to be submitted for DO approval, contains
information on the terrain, geological makeup, soils and slope
classification to allow for assessment of site suitability for construction.

Geology The science which has for its object the investigation of the earth’s crust,
of the strata which enter into its composition with their mutual relations,
and of the successive changes to which their present condition and
position are due.

Government Personnel from government ministries, agencies and/or department with

Agencies (GAs) a role in specific committees, approving authorities or decision making
bodies.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

Self-Regulation An initiative by DOE to cultivate environmental ownership and excellence

(SR) in environmental commitment from the sectors regulated by DOE
especially in regards to performance monitoring of pollution control
measures, scheduled reporting, record keeping, qualified persons and
involvement of environmental professionals with specific roles.

Habitat The normal abode or locality of an animal or plant; the physical

environment of a community; the place where a person or thing can
usually be found.
Health Impact A report which assesses the health impacts of policies, plans and
Assessment (HIA) projects using qualitative, quantitative and participatory techniques for
decision making. Usually required by the Ministry of Health (MOH) or
Department of Health (DOH) for projects with health implications to
nearby populations.

Highest The highest tidal level which can be predicted to occur under average
Astronomical Tide meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical
(HAT) conditions.

Hydraulic Report A detailed technical report used in the assessment of impacts from a
project/activity on the coastal and marine environment based on various
scenarios and site conditions.

Hydrology The study of the rainfall and runoff process and related to the derivation
of hydrographs for given floods, droughts and seasonal pattern of
inundation.

Impact Monitoring Monitoring of impacts outside of the project site to ascertain its origin and
(IM) magnitude.

Industrial Effluent Systems used in the treatment of industrial effluent to ensure that the
Treatment System discharges meet the quality specified under Standard A/B of the
(IETS) Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluent) Regulations 2009.

Land Acquisition/ The act of obtaining, either voluntarily or by law, the necessary land form
Alienation existing landowners. May involve relocation of existing population on the
said piece of land.

Land Disturbing Document incorporating construction methods, processes, materials and

Pollution Prevention practices intended to prevent, reduce or eliminate the generation of
and Mitigation pollutants at the source (development area) during any land-disturbing
Measures (LD- activity through the protection of natural resources through incorporation
P2M2) of BMPs.

Land-Disturbing Activities such as clearing of trees or vegetation, excavating, raising or

Activities sloping of ground, trenching, grading and blasting.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

Lowest The lowest tide level which can be predicted to occur under average
Astronomical Tide meteorological conditions and under any combination of astronomical
(LAT) conditions.

Mangroves One of several genera of tropical trees or shrubs which produce many
prop roots and grow along low-lying coasts into shallow water.

Marine Risk Technical document which studies the existing marine traffic of the area
Assessment (MRA) of proposed project, identifying constraints for navigation and risk of
potential collision or mishaps during vessel operations.

Method Statement A detailed scope and account of proposed construction techniques,

equipment and machinery usage and structural and non-structural
measures applied in carrying out construction, usually prepared by the
Contractors.

Mitigation and These are measures adopted into the final project plan which either
Abatement moderate or completely forestall potential environmental impact.
Measures

Modelling To simulate a particular feature of the world using mathematical and

computer aids to better understand, define, quantify and visualise the
process.

Monitoring To measure, systematically and repeatedly, the continuing conditions to

tract change(s).

Noise A sound, especially one that is loud or unpleasant or that causes

disturbance.

Offshore Situated at sea some distance from the shore.

Oil spill Release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment,

especially marine areas, due to human activity and is a form of pollution.

Outfall The place where a river, drain, or sewer empties into the sea, a river or a
lake.

Performance Monitoring of performance system.

Monitoring (PM)

Pile A long, heavy timber or section of concrete or metal that is driven or

jetted into the earth or seabed to serve as a support or protection.

Piling A group of piles.

Pollution Prevention The various methods (structural and non-structural) required to ensure
and Mitigation that pollution does not occur or at least minimised as a result of a project.
Measures (P2M2)
G-8
 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

Port A place where vessels may discharge or receive cargo; it may be the
entire harbour including its approaches and anchorages, or only the
commercial part of a harbour where Quays, Wharves, facilities for
transfer of cargo, docks, and repair shops are situated. Protection may be
provided by natural or artificial features.

Prescribed Activity Any activity specified by the Director General of Environment under the
Environmental Quality (Prescribed Activity) (Environmental Impact
Assessment) Order 2015, as requiring to undergo an EIA.
Project Activities Specified tasks undertaken throughout the course of a project
(earthworks, construction or operational) which serves to meet certain
objectives.

Project Brief Information pertaining to a project or development, including the details of

the project, layout, method statement, location, etc. which can assist in
assessment of the project.

Project Proponent The main person, organisation or body which is proposing to undertake a
project or activity.

Public Display Mandatory viewing of Second Schedule EIA for fixed period of time
whereby the public can forward recommendations and objections to the
report for consideration by DOE in the EIA approval process.

Public Participation/ The process whereby the public and related stakeholders are allowed the
Engagement opportunity to participate in the planning, decision making, objection, idea
sharing and/or approval of a project which may affect them. Can be
mandated or voluntary.

Qualified Person A person appointed by the Director General of Environment or is certified

by/registered with DOE under Section 34A (2B) to carry out an EIA study.

Quay A stretch of paved bank, or a solid artificial landing place parallel to the
navigable waterway, for use in loading and unloading vessels.

Recreation Activity of leisure, leisure being discretionary time.

Red tide Discoloration of surface waters, mostly frequently in coastal zones,

caused by large concentrations of microorganisms.

Residual Impacts Impacts that still persist despite P2M2 and BMPs put in place.

Revised TOR Final version of the TOR after incorporation of comments from the TRC
and additional information.

Risk A combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event

with specified period or in specified circumstances.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

Runoff The portion of precipitation that runs off the surface as opposed to
soaking in.

Sampling Station Location identified and designated for collection of environmental data
(air, water, noise, vibration, ecology, etc.).

Schedule Categorisation of Prescribed Activities divided into the First Schedule

(EIA without need for public display and will be processed by DOE State)
and Second Schedule (EIA requiring public display and will be processed
by DOE HQ).

Scheduled Wastes Any form of toxic and hazardous wastes listed under the First Schedule
of the Environmental Quality (Schedule Wastes) Regulations 2005
(Amendment 2007).

Scoping Initial phase in an EIA to identify the key environmental issues and the
study spatial and temporal boundaries.

Screening Process by which a proposed development project is identified as being

subjected to a regulatory provision requiring an EIA.

Sedimentation The deposition of sediment from suspension in water.

Self-regulation The adoption and implementation of measures and practices by a Project

Proponent on their own initiative without requiring intervention of the
authorities to safeguard the environment and meet all regulatory
requirements of the country.

Setback Distance which a building or other structure is set back from a street or
road, a river, a shore or any other place which is deemed to need
protection.

Sewage Any liquid waste or wastewater discharge containing human, animal,

domestic or putrescible matter in suspension or solution, and includes
liquids containing chemicals in solution either in the raw, treated or
partially treated form.

Any liquid discharges containing human excreta, animal or vegetable

matters in suspension or solution derived from domestic activities and
being generated from household, commercial, institutional and industrial
premises including liquid discharges from water closets, basins, sinks,
bathrooms and other sanitary appliances but excluding rain water and
prohibited effluent.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

Sewage Treatment Any facility designed and constructed for the purpose of reducing
System (STS)/Plant potential of the sewage to cause pollution.
(STP)

Siltation The deposition or accumulation of silt that is suspended in a body of

water.

Site Suitability A study on the suitability of various sites and the determination based on
Assessment (SSA) specific criteria on the best possible site for a project.

Social Impact A process to identify, predict, evaluate and communicate information

Assessment (SIA) about the social impacts of a proposed project, policy, programme or plan
on a community and their activities, and to choose the best development
option and subsequently propose mitigation measures.

Soil Investigation Technical study on the soil and sub-surface strata of a project site to
(SI) determine the sub-surface conditions and engineering requirements
needed prior to a development

Spoil Rock and debris produced by tunnelling, dredging and other excavations.

Statement of Need A brief on the justifications for a project, including supporting arguments
and evidence on the necessity of the project and benefits that will be
generated.

Storm Surge An abnormal rise of water generated by a storm, over and above the
predicted astronomical tides. A rise above normal water level on the open
coast due to the action of wind stress on the water surface. Storm surge
resulting from a hurricane also includes that rise in level due to
atmospheric pressure reduction as well as that due to wind stress.

Stormwater Water that originates during precipitation events, e.g. rainfall.

Sullage Wastewater that arise from domestic activities such as washing in

bathrooms and kitchen, including water from food preparation and
dishwashing, which does not contain human excreta.

Suspended Sediment suspended in a fluid by its (fluid) turbulent flow.

Sediment

Technical Review A panel of decision makers comprising DOE officer, AIs and GAs that are
Committee (TRC) selected to review the TOR and/or EIA to provide approval based on the
reports submitted by the Project Proponent and Qualified Person(s).

Terms of Reference Product from scoping process which sets the objectives, defines the
(TOR) scope, and establishes the strategy and schedule for EIA process to
address identified significant issues.

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING GLOSSARY

Terrain Pertaining to the physical features of a land or area.

Tide The periodic rising and falling of the water that result from gravitational
attraction of the moon and sun and other astronomical bodies acting
upon the rotating earth.

Topography The configuration of the surface of the earth, including its relief, the
position of its streams, roads, cities, etc. The earth’s natural and physical
features collectively.

TOR Adequacy A review by a selected panel of DOE officers, AIs and/or GAs on whether
Check (TORAC) a TOR has been prepared in accordance with DOE requirements and
contains all necessary information for decision making to be made.

Traffic Impact A study/report on the condition of the roads and traffic in an area and if
Assessment (TIA) there is adequate capacity to meet the increasing demand from a project
or to identify measures required to ensure that traffic will be smooth and
uninterrupted.

Vessels Any crafts travelling on water.

Visual/Aesthetics Pleasing scenery, vistas and view to and view to an audience.

Wastes Any substance which is discarded after primary us. Comprises of various
types of wastes, such as municipal wastes, scheduled wastes, biomass
wastes, etc.

Water quality A term to describe the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of
water.

Water Quality Index An index integrating six water quality parameters to provide a general
(WQI) categorisation to determine the condition of the water source.

Zone of Impact The maximum area which will receive the impacts from the project.
(ZOI)

Zone of Study Boundary identified for the EIA Study which would be the main spatial
(ZOS) area to carry out baseline fata gathering, determine extent of modelling
and assessment and other supporting studies.

G-12
 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 1

APPENDIX 1

NATIONAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS MALAYSIA

(SOURCE: DOE, MALAYSIA)

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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 4

APPENDIX 4

MALAYSIAN AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (MAAQS)

(SOURCE: DOE, MALAYSIA)

A4-1
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 EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 6

APPENDIX 6

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY REPORT IN

PALM OIL INDUSTRY

A6-1
EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 6

A6-2
EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 6

A6-3
EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 6

A6-4
EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 6

A6-5
EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 6

A6-6
EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 6

A6-7
EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 6

A6-8
EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 6

A6-9
EIA GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING APPENDIX 6

A6-10
 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES FOR LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
GUIDELINES FOR
LAND RECLAMATION AND DREDGING

Department of Enviroment
Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment
& Climate Change (MESTECC)
Level 1-4, Podium 2 & 3, Wisma Sumber Asli No.25
Persiaran Perdana, Presint 4
Federal Government Administrative Center
62574 Putrajaya
Tel : 03-8871 2000 / 2200
Fax : 03-8888 9987 / 03 - 8889 1040

www.doe.gov.my

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT
Ministry of Energy, Science, Technology, Environment & Climate Change (MESTECC)