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Dynamics Lab

The document describes an experiment to measure the diameter of a wire and thickness of a sheet using a screw gauge. It explains the components and working principle of a screw gauge, which uses a screw mechanism to precisely measure small distances. The procedure section describes how to determine the least count or smallest measurement increment of the screw gauge by relating the pitch or distance traveled per rotation to the number of circular scale divisions. It also explains how to check for and correct any zero error in the screw gauge reading.

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ỮΜΔIŘ ҜĦΔŇ
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116 views3 pages

Dynamics Lab

The document describes an experiment to measure the diameter of a wire and thickness of a sheet using a screw gauge. It explains the components and working principle of a screw gauge, which uses a screw mechanism to precisely measure small distances. The procedure section describes how to determine the least count or smallest measurement increment of the screw gauge by relating the pitch or distance traveled per rotation to the number of circular scale divisions. It also explains how to check for and correct any zero error in the screw gauge reading.

Uploaded by

ỮΜΔIŘ ҜĦΔŇ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ENGINEERING MECHANICS LAB

EXPERIMENT NO #1
Aim:
To measure (a) diameter of a given wire (b) thiknees of given sheet.
Apparatus:
1. Screw gauge.
2. Any wire.
3. Metallic sheet
4. Millimeter graph paper.
Theory:
Screw Gauge- It is an instrument designed to have a least count .01 mm or even
smaller. It is used to measure the thickness of very thin objects such a thin sheet, a
wire or a hair etc. It is based upon the principle of a screw. It consists of a U-
shaped frame, which has a fixed end at A. A fine and an accurate cut screw of
uniform pitch passes through the other end of the frame. A cap fits on to the screw
and carries on its inner edge 100 or 50 equal division marks. This is called the
circular/head scale (CS/HS). There is another linear scale graduated on the parallel
to the axis of the screw. This is called main/pitch scale (S). When the screw is
rotated, the number of complete rotations can be read on the pitch scale, while the
fraction of rotation can be read from the circular scale. In some screw gauges, the
screw head is provided with a ratchet arrangement R (See Fig.1). When the studs A
and B are in contact with each other or with some other object placed in between,
the ratchet slips over the screw without moving the screw forward. This helps in
avoiding undue pressure between the studs or on the object for accurate

measurements.
ENGINEERING MECHANICS LAB
ENGINEERING MECHANICS LAB

Procedure:
A. Least count of screw gauge:
Least Count of a screw gauge is defined as the distance through which the screw moves on the pitch
scale when the cap of the screw is rotated through one division on the circular/head scale. Least count
of screw gauge= number of divisions on circular scale Pitch Pitch: The distance between two consecutive
threads taken parallel to its axis is called the pitch of the screw. It is a distance through which the screw
moves forward or backward when one full rotation is given to the screw cap.

1. Find out distance moved on main scale for known number of rotation of circular scale. Find out
distance traveled on main/pitch scale for one rotation of circular/head scale. This will provide you the
pitch.

2. Find out the total number of divisions on circular scale.

3. Determine the ratio of pitch and total number of divisions on circular scale. This ratio is called as least
count of the screw gauge.

Example: if distance traveled on main scale is 1mm for one rotation of circular scale and there are
100 divisions on circular scale then, Pitch=1mm=0.1cm Total number of divisions on circular scale=100
Least count of screw gauge=0.1/100=0.001cm B. Checking of Zero error: The Screw gauge is checked to
find whether there is any initial (zero) error in the instrument or not. If there is any initial error, suitable
correction is to be made. Bring the studs A and B to touch each other with help of ratchet. 1. If the zero
of the head scale lies on the pitch/main scale index line (I.L), the instrument has no error. 2. If the zero
of the head scale is above the index line, it has negative error. So the zero correction is positive. 3. If the
zero of the head scale is below the index line, it has positive error. So the zero correction is negative.
The type of error (ZE) and the suitable zero correction (ZC) for the given micrometer is determined with
the help of fig.2.

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