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Organic Chemistry Worksheet Guide

The document is an organic chemistry worksheet containing questions about carbon compounds and their properties. Carbon can form many compounds due to its four valence electrons allowing chains, rings, and multiple bonds. A homologous series contains compounds with the same functional group and general formula that differ by CH2. Characteristics include the same functional group, general formula, and differences in molecular formula of 14 mass units. Cracking uses heat or heat with a catalyst to break larger alkanes into smaller alkenes and other compounds.

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Orane Cassanova
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669 views3 pages

Organic Chemistry Worksheet Guide

The document is an organic chemistry worksheet containing questions about carbon compounds and their properties. Carbon can form many compounds due to its four valence electrons allowing chains, rings, and multiple bonds. A homologous series contains compounds with the same functional group and general formula that differ by CH2. Characteristics include the same functional group, general formula, and differences in molecular formula of 14 mass units. Cracking uses heat or heat with a catalyst to break larger alkanes into smaller alkenes and other compounds.

Uploaded by

Orane Cassanova
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Organic Chemistry Worksheet: Introduces a series of organic chemistry problems related to carbon bonding, homologous series, isomerism, and hydrocarbons.

Organic Chemistry Worksheet 1

Name: Orane Cassanova

Answer the following questions:

1. Why is carbon able to form a huge number of different organic compounds?

Carbon has a valency of four and normally forms covalent bonds. As a result of carbon having four
valence electrons, carbon atoms can join with each other in an almost unlimited way to form the
following:

1. Straight (unbranched) or branched chains of different lengths


2. Rings of different sizes
3. Single, double or triple bonds

2. What is a homologous series?

A homologous series is a group of organic compounds which all possesses the same functional group
and can be represented by the same general formula.

3. List four characteristics of a homologous series

1. All members contain the same functional group.


2. All members have the same general formula.
3. Each member differs in molecular formula from the next by CH2, or in relative molecular mass
by 14.
4. All members show similar chemical properties. Reactivity decreases as number of carbon atoms
per molecule (molecular mass) increases.

4. Complete the table

Name of Homologous General Fully display structural Molecular


compound series formula formula formula of
of compound compound

Propane Alkanes CnH2n+2 H H H C3H8

H–C–C–C–H

H H H

Butene Alkenes CnH2n H H H H C4H8

C=C–C–C–H

H H H
Propanoic Carboxylic Acids Cn H(2n+1) COOH H H C2H5COOH
acid O
H–C–C–C
O–H
H H

Butanol Alcohols -OH H H H H C4H9OH

H–C–C–C–C–O–H

H H H H

2-hexene Alkenes CnH2n H H H H H H C6H12

H–C–C–C–C=C–C–H

H H H H

5. For each of the following give the name and homologous series the compound belong to

a) C3H7COOH- Butanoic acid, Carboxylic acids

b) C5H12- Pentane, Alkanes

c) C4H8- Butene, Alkenes

d) CH3CH2OH- Alcohols, Ethanol

6. Define structural isomerism

Structural isomerism is the occurrence of two or more organic compounds with the same molecular
formula but different structural formulae. The compounds are called isomers.

7. Explain why structural isomers of members of the same homologous series have very

similar chemical properties but different physical properties.

They have very similar chemical properties because they have the same functional group and differ in
physical properties because they have different structural formulas.

8. Hexane has five structural isomers. Draw and name any TWO of these.
H H

H–C–H H–C–H

H H H H H H H

H–C–C–C–C–H H–C–C–C–C–C–H

H H H H H H H H

H–C–H 2- Methylpentane

2,2- Dimethylbutane

9. Name two natural sources of hydrocarbon

Natural gas and Petroleum (crude oil)

10. List the main uses of three of the fractions obtained from fractional distillation of

petroleum.

1. Kerosene (paraffin)- Fuel for jet engines, kerosene lamps, paraffin-oil cooking stoves. Cracked
into smaller hydrocarbons.
2. Bitumen (asphalt)- Road surfacing, roofing.
3. Petrol (gasoline)- Fuel for internal combustion engines, e.g. cars, light aircraft.

11. Describe what is meant by ‘cracking’ and distinguish between thermal and catalytic

cracking of alkanes.

This involves breaking up larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller ones. Thermal cracking uses heat
while catalytic cracking uses heat plus a catalyst. The cracking of alkanes always results in the formation
of at least one alkene and therefore, is a major source of alkenes.

12. Give the formulae and names of two products which could be obtained by cracking

pentane(C5H12)

Propane C3H8 Ethene C2H4

H H H H H

H–C–C–C–H C=C

H H H H H

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