Polynomials

Objective Section (1 mark each)

Multiple Choice Questions \ p(2) = 0

2
Q. 1. The zeroes of the polynomial x2 – 3x – m ⇒ (2) + 3(2) + k = 0
(m + 3) are [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020] ⇒ 4 + 6 + k = 0
(a) m, m + 3 (b) – m, m + 3 ⇒ 10 + k = 0
⇒ k = – 10
(c)
m, – (m + 3) (d) – m, – (m + 3)
2
\ Option (b) is correct. Ans.
Ans. x – 3x – m(m + 3) Q. 3. The quadratic polynomial, the sum of
= x2 – (m + 3 – m)x – m(m + 3) whose zeroes is – 5 and their product is 6,
= x2 – (m + 3)x + mx – m(m + 3) is [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
= x{x – (m + 3)} + m{x – (m + 3)} (a) x2 + 5x + 6 (b) x2 – 5x + 6
(c) 2
x – 5x – 6 (d) – x2 + 5x + 6
= (x + m) {x – (m + 3)}
Ans. Let the polynomial be
\ Its zeroes are – m, (m + 3).
p(x) = k [x2 – (Sum of zeroes) x
\ Option (b) is correct.  Ans.
+ Product of zeroes]
Q. 2. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic Sum of zeroes = – 5
polynomial x2 + 3x + k is 2, then the value Product of zeroes = 6
of k is [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020] \ Required polynomial is
p(x) = k[x2 – (– 5)x + (6)]
(a) 10 (b) – 10
= k[x2 + 5x + 6]
(c) – 7 (d) – 2 Let k = 1
Ans. Let p(x) = x2 + 3x + k \ p(x) = x2 + 5x + 6
. .
. x = 2 is a zero of p(x) \ Option (a) is correct. Ans.

Short Answer Type Questions-I (3 marks each)

Q. 1. A teacher asked 10 of his students to write a (i) 

How many of the above ten, are not
polynomial in one variable on a paper and polynomials?
then to handover the paper. The following (ii) 
How many of the above ten, are
were the answers given by the students : quadratic polynomials?
2x + 3, 3x2 + 7x + 2, 4x3 + 3x2 + 2, x 3 + 3 x + 7 ,  [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2020]
5 1
7 x + 7 , 5x3 – 7x + 2, 2 x 2 + 3 - , 5 x - , ax3 Ans. (i) 3
x 2
1  2 2 5 1
+ bx2 + cx + d, x +  x + 3 x + 7 , 2 x + 3 - and x + 
x  x x

Answer the following questions : (ii) There is only one quadratic polynomial
which is 3x2 + 7x + 2.

Short Answer Type Questions-II (3 marks each)

Q. 1. Find a quadratic polynomial whose b c

zeroes are reciprocals of the zeroes of the \a+b= -
and ab =
a a
polynomial f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0, c ≠ 0.
Now let the zeroes of required polynomial
 [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020] be a′ and b′.
Ans. Given, f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0, c ≠ 0. 1 1
Let a and b be the zeroes of f(x) So, a′ = , b′ =
a b
 Now, sum of zeroes (S) = a′ + b′ \ q(x) = (x – 2), r(x) = 3

1 1 Now,
= +
a b
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient + Remainder.
β+α
= f(x) = g(x) × q(x) + r(x)
αβ
-b/ a
= (– x2 + x – 1) (x – 2) + 3
b
= c/a = - c = – x2 (x – 2) + x(x – 2) – 1(x – 2) + 3

b = – x3 + 2x2 + x2 – 2x – x + 2 + 3
= -
c = – x3 + 3x2 – 3x + 5
Product of zeroes (P) = a′ × b′
= f(x)  Hence Verified.
1 1
= ×
a b Q. 3. If 4 is zero of the cubic polynomial
1 x3 – 3x2 – 10x + 24, find its other two
= zeroes. [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020]
ab
1 Ans. Let p(x) = x3 – 3x2 – 10x + 24
= c/a ..
. x = 4 is a zero of p(x).

a ⇒ (x – 4) is a factor of p(x)
= Dividing p(x) by (x – 4),
c
\ Required polynomial x – 4 ) x3 – 3x2 – 10x + 24 ( x2 + x – 6
g(x) = k[x2 – Sx + P] x3 – 4x2
 2  b a (–) (+)
= k x -  -  x +
  c c  x2 – 10x
 2 b a x2 – 4x
= k x + x + 
 c c (–) (+)
 cx 2 + bx + a  – 6x + 24
= k 
 c  – 6x + 24
... k/c = constant (+) (–)
\ g(x) = cx 2 + bx + a is the required ×
polynomial. Ans. Now, to find other zeroes of p(x),
Q. 2. Divide the polynomial f(x) = 3x2 – x3 – 3x Put x2 + x – 6 = 0
+ 5 by the polynomial g(x) = x – 1 – x2 and ⇒ x2 + 3x – 2x – 6 = 0
verify the division algorithm. ⇒ x(x + 3) – 2(x + 3) = 0
[CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2020] ⇒ (x + 3) (x – 2) = 0
Given, f(x) = 3x2 – x3 – 3x + 5 ⇒ x = – 3, 2
= – x3 + 3x2 – 3x + 5 \ – 3 and 2 are the other two zeroes of the
and, g(x) = x – 1 – x2
given polynomial. Ans.
= – x2 + x – 1
Dividing f(x) by g(x) Q.  4. For what value of k, is the polynomial
– x2 + x – 1 ) – x3 + 3x2 – 3x + 5 ( x – 2 f(x) = 3x4 - 9x3 + x2 + 15x + k
– x3 + x2 – x
completely divisible by 3x2 - 5?
 [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019]
(+) (–) (+)
Ans. Given,
2x2 – 2x + 5
f(x) = 3x4 - 9x3 + x2 + 15x + k
2x2 – 2x + 2 It is completely divisible by 3x2 - 5
(–) (+) (–) Let g(x) = 3x2 - 5
3
 \ 3x2 - 5 3x4 - 9x3 + x2 + 15x + k x2 - 3x + 2 − 2 
3x4 + 0   - 5x2  
- + 2  1  3
×−  =
- 9x + 6x + 15x
3 2 3  7  7
- 9x3 + 15x −2 −2
+ - =
21 3×7
6x2 + k
−2 −2
6x2 - 10 =
- + 21 21  Hence Verified.
k + 10 Q. 6. Find the value of k such that the
f(x) is completely divisible by g(x) then polynomial x2 − (k + 6)x + 2(2k − 1) has
k + 10 = 0 sum of its zeros equal to half to their
product.  [CBSE Delhi, Set 1, 2019]
k = -10
Ans. The given quadratic polynomial is
Q. 5. Find the zeroes of the quadratic poly-
11 2 x2 − (k + 6)x + 2(2k − 1)
nomial 7y2 - y - and verify the
3 3 Comparing with ax2 + bx + c, we get
relationship between the zeroes and the a = 1, b = − (k + 6) and c = 2(2k + 1)
coefficients. [CBSE OD, Set 1, 2019]
Let the zeroes of the polynomial be a and
Ans. The given polynomial is b
11 2
P(y) = 7 y 2 − y − we know that
3 3
P(y) = 0 b
a+b= −
11 2 a
7 y2 −
y− =0
3 3 k+6
  =
   21y2 - 11y - 2 = 0 1
21y2 - 14y + 3y - 2 = 0 or a + b = k + 6 ...(i)
7y (3y - 2) + 1 (3y - 2) = 0 c
Also, ab =
(3y - 2) (7y + 1) = 0 a
2 1
y = , - 2 (2k − 1)
3 7   =
2 1 1
So zeroes of P(y) are , - or ab = 2 (2k − 1) ...(ii)
3 7
11 2 Given,
Verification: On comparing 7y2 - y -
with ax2 + bx + c, we get 3 3 1
Sum of zeroes  = of their product
11 2
2
a = 7, b = ,c=
3 3 1
\ a + b  = αβ
−b 2
Sum of zeroes =
a 1
 − 11  or k + 6  = × 2 (2k − 1)
−  2
2  1  3   [using equations (i) & (ii)]
+−  =
3  7 7 or k + 6 = 2k − 1
14 − 3 11 k=7
=
21 3×7 Q. 7. Find all zeroes of the polynomial
11 11 3x3 + 10x2 - 9x - 4 if one of its zero is 1.
=  [CBSE Delhi, Set 3, 2019]
21 21
Ans. Given,
c
Product of zeroes = P(x) = 3x3 + 10x2 - 9x - 4
a
 x = 1 is a zero of P(x) P(x) = (x - 1) (3x2 + 13x + 4)
\ (x - 1) is a factor of P(x) = (x - 1)(3x2 + 12x + x + 4)
To find other zeroes, we divide P(x) by (x - 1)
= (x - 1) {3x (x + 4) + 1 (x + 4)}
x - 1 3x3 + 10x2 - 9x - 4 3x2 + 13x + 4
3x3 - 3x2 = (x - 1)(x + 4)(3x + 1)
- +
other zeroes are x + 4 = 0
13x2 - 9x
13x2 - 13x x = - 4,
- +
and 3x + 1 = 0
4x - 4 1
x=−
4x - 4 3 1
- + \ All zeroes are x = 1, x = - 4 and x = −
3
0

Q.  8. Find all zeroes of the polynomial (2x4 - 9x3 + 5x2 + 3x - 1) if two of its zeroes are (2 + 3 ) and
(2 − 3 ) . [CBSE 2018]
Topper’s Answers
Ans. Here, p(x) = 2x4 - 9x3 + 5x2 + 3x - 1 Here, x( x + 3 )( x − 3 ) will also be the
And two of its zeroes are (2 + 3 ) and
factor of P(x).
(2 − 3 ) .
Quadratic polynomial with zeroes is Or, x(x2 − 3) will be the factor of P(x).
given by, then x3 − 3x x4 − x3 − 3x2 + 3x x − 1
  {x − (2 + 3 )} . {x − (2 − 3 )} x4 − 3x2
− +
⇒ ( x − 2 − 3 ) (x − 2 + 3 ) − x3 + 3x
2
⇒ (x - 2)2 - ( 3 ) − x3 + 3x
+ −
⇒ x2 - 4x + 4 - 3
0
Let, x2 - 4x + 1 = g(x)
Quotient = (x − 1)
Now, g(x) will be a factor of p(x) so g(x)
So fourth zero ⇒ x − 1 = 0
will be divisible by p(x)
⇒ x=1
2x2 - x - 1
x2 - 4x + 1 2x4 - 9x3 + 5x2 + 3x - 1 Q. 10.
Using division algorithm, find the
quotient and remainder on dividing f(x)
2x4 - 8x3 + 2x2
- + - by g(x) where f(x) = 6x3 + 13x2 + x – 2 and
g(x) = 2x + 1. [CBSE Term 1, 2016]
- x + 3x2 + 3x
3
Ans. Given, f(x) = 6x + 13x + x – 2
3 2
- x3 + 4x2 - x
+ - + and g(x) = 2x +1,
- x + 4x - 1
2 f(x) ÷ g(x) ⇒
- x2 + 4x - 1 2x + 1) 6x3 + 13x2 + x – 2 ( 3x2 + 5x – 2
+ - + 6x3 + 3x2
× –  –
For other zeroes, 10x2 + x – 2
2x2 - x - 1 = 0 10x2 + 5x
– –
2x2 - 2x + x - 1 = 0 – 4x – 2
or 2x (x - 1) + 1 (x - 1) = 0 – 4x – 2
+  +
(x - 1) (2x + 1) = 0
0
x - 1 = 0 and 2x + 1 = 0

Quotient = 3x2 + 5x – 2 and Remainder = 0
−1 Q.  11. Find a quadratic polynomial, the sum and
x = 1, x =
2 3
product of whose zeroes are 0 and −
Zeroes of p(x) are respectively. Hence find the zeroes. 5
−1  [CBSE Term 1, 2015]
1, , 2 + 3 and 2 − 3 . Ans. Quadratic polynomial
2
Q. 9. If three zeroes of a polynomial x4 − x3 − = x2 - (Sum of zeroes) x + Product of zeroes
–3 3
3x2 + 3x are 0, 3 and − 3 , then find the = x2- (0) x +   = x2 -
fourth zero. [CBSE Term 1, 2016]  5  5

Ans. Let, P(x) = x4 − x3 − 3x2 + 3x  3

2

Given, 0, 3 , − 3 are three zeroes, so = (x)2 - 

 5
x = 0,
 3  3
x = 3 and x = − 3 = x –  x + 
 5  5
⇒ ( x − 3 ) = 0 and x + 3 = 0
 3 3 3 5 3 5
Zeroes are, x - = 0  or  x + =0 ⇒ x= ×   or  x = - ×
5 5 5 5 5 5

⇒ x=
3
x=-
or 
3
\ x=
15
  or  x = − 15
5 5 5 5

Long Answer Type Questions (4 marks each)

x 2 + 2x + 3
Q.  1. Obtain all other zeroes or the polynomial
x4 + 6x3 + x2 - 24x - 20, if two of its zeroes
)
Ans. x 2 + 5 x 4 + 2 x 3 + 8 x 2 + 12 x + 18
+  x4 + 5x2
are +2 and -5.  [CBSE Term 1, 2016]
- -
Ans. Given, 2 and -5 are the zeroes of poly­
2x + 3x2 + 12x + 18
3
nomial
+ 2x3 + 10x
p(x) = x4 + 6x3 + x2 - 24x - 20
-       -
So, (x - 2) and (x + 5) are factors of p(x)
3x2 + 2x + 18
⇒ (x - 2) (x + 5) is also a factor of p(x)
+ 3x2 + 15
So, (x - 2) (x + 5) = x2 + 3x - 10
- -
x2 + 3x - 10 x4 + 6x3 + x2 - 24x - 20  x2 + 3x + 2 2x + 3
x4 + 3x3 - 10x2 Remainder = 2x + 3
- - +
i.e.,     px + q = 2x + 3
3x + 11x2 - 24x - 20
3
∴     p = 2, q = 3
3x3 + 9x2 - 30x
- - + Q. 3. What must be subtracted from p(x)
2x + 6x - 20
2 = 8x4 + 14x3 - 2x2 + 8x - 12 so that 4x2 +
3x - 2 is factor of p(x)? This question was
2x2 + 6x - 20
- - + given to group of students for working
0 together.
So, by remainder theorem, Do you think teacher should promote
group work?
Dividend = Divisor × Quotient  [CBSE Term 1, Set 1, 2015]
 + Remainder Ans. For this,
x4 + 6x3 +x2 - 24x - 20
2x 2 + 2x − 1


=
=
(x2
(x2
+ 3x - 10) ×
+ 3x - 10)
(x2
(x2
+ 3x + 2) + 0
+ 2x + x + 2)
4x2 + 3x − 2 ) 8 x 4 + 14 x 3 − 2 x 2 + 8 x − 12

= (x2 + 3x - 10) [x(x + 2) + 1(x + 2)] + 8x4 + 6x3 - 4x2

-   -   +
= (x2 + 3x - 10) (x + 2) (x + 1)   8x3 + 2x2 + 8x - 12
So other zeros are - 2 and - 1.   + 8x3 + 6x2 - 4x
Q.  2. If the polynomial
-   -    +
- 4x2 + 12x -12
(x4 + 2x3 + 8x2 + 12x + 18) is divided
- 4x2 - 3x + 2
by another polynomial (x2 + 5), the +  +   -
remainder comes out to be (px + q), find
the values of p and q. 15x - 14
 [CBSE Term 1, Set 1, 2015] Polynomial to be subtracted is (15x - 14).