ICS 93.
020
ROMANIAN STANDARD STAS 1242/4-85
Classification index G 22
Foundation Ground Supersedes:
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS BY STAS 1242/4-75
GROUND BORING Previous editions:
Teren de Fundare 1950, 1966, 1975
CERCETARI GEOTEHNICE PRIN FORAJE EXECUTATE IN
PAMANTURI
Validation date:
Terrain de Fondation 1985-02-01
RECHERCHES GEOTECHIQUES PAR FORAGES DANS LES
TERRAINS
1. GENERAL
1.1 Scope
This standard establishes the specifications relating to the investigation by boring of the foundation ground
made of soils.
1.2 Purpose of the investigations by boring
Borings executions are performed with a view to:
- establishing ground stratification (layers nature, succession and thickness);
- establishing underground water level and its variation during boring execution;
- ground sampling (disturbed and undisturbed) for physical-mechanic determinations in geotechnical
laboratory;
- water samples for chemical composition determination;
- ground investigation by dynamic penetration SPT according to STAS 1242/5-81.
NOTE: - By borings execution, on the designer request long-term observations can be performed on the underground
water level variation, determination of compressibility or in situ shearing monitoring in time of deep dislocations of the
ground etc.
1.3 Investigations volume, nature and program are established in accordance with STAS 1242/1-81.
1.4 Planimetrical and levels position of geotechnical borings are specified on the situation plan.
2. BORINGS EXECUTION
2.1 Geotechnical investigation borings are performed by mechanical or hand operated equipments.
2.2 The borings are performed cased or uncased, depending on the working technology, on the ground
stratification, on the underground water presence and on the viewed purpose.
When boring in cohesive and non-cohesive layers with low consistency under the level of the underground
water, the drilling is performed cased.
2.3 In order to avoid the sand slumping on the column the contra-pressure effectuated by drill water filling is used,
except when the boring is performed in artesian aquifer layers, case in which special technologies shall be adopted.
2.4 After finishing the execution and the reception, the drilling is filled with local ground, well compacted.
3. SAMPLING AND DISPATCH
3.1 General specifications
3.1.1 The establishing of the nature and thickness of the encountered layers, during the boring, is done based on the
direct observations on the extracted soil after every performed run.
3.1.2 Undisturbed soil are taken samples From the geotechnical borings (according to clause. 3.2) and disturbed ones
(according to clause 3.3), as well as water samples (according to clause. 3.4).
ASOCIAŢIA DE STANDARDIZARE DIN ROMÂNIA (ASRO),
Adresa poştală: str. Mendeleev 21-25, 70168, Bucureşti 1, Direcţia Generală: Tel.: +40 1 211.32.96; Fax: +40 1 210.08.33,
Direcţia Standardizare: Tel. : +40 1 310.43.08; +40 1 310.43.09, Fax: +40 1 315.58.70,
Direcţia Publicaţii: Serv. Vânzări/Abonamente: Tel: +40 1 212.77.25, +40 1 212.79.20, +40 1 212.77.23, +40 1 312.94.88 ;
Fax : +40 1 210.25.14, +40 1 212.76.20
© ASRO Entire or partial multiplication or use of this standard in any kind of publications and by any means (electronically, mechanically,
photocopy, micromedia etc.) is strictly forbidden without a prior written consent of ASRO
STAS 1242/4-85 2
3.1.3 On depths where water infiltrations appear or an aquifer layer is encountered, the working is stopped till the
stabilization of the underground water level; the water level is measured at every 10 minutes and is considered to be
stabilized when the difference between the last two readings is smaller than 3 cm.
3.1.4 The water level in drilling is measured and is registered daily before starting to work, after every interruption
over six hours, as well as at the end of every working day.
3.1.5 Geotechnical investigation authority and the boring execution authority can decide, in case of emergency, the
closing of the encountered aquifer layers.
3.2 Undisturbed samples collection
3.2.1 Undisturbed samples are collected on the entire depth of the drill, at every 2 m, when dealing with uniform
stratification and at every layer change, and also at the modification of the soil’s nature and physical state (humidity,
consistency). In special cases, the geotechnical investigation authority whenever it feels necessary, can dispose
collection of undisturbed samples at depth intervals different from the ones exposed above, with or without alternative
standard penetrations, specifying this in writing to the boring execution authority.
3.2.2 For constructions of I and II importance in accordance with STAS 10100/0-75, the undisturbed samples are
collected only in metallic tubes with thin walls, introduced in the ground by pressing.
3.2.3 The ground advance of the undisturbed collector sample is done, usually, by uniformly and continuously
pressing, with the speed between 2 ..... 15 cm/s; when the ground nature does not allow the pressing, sampling the
advance by pipe hammers of the dynamic penetration is admitted according to STAS 1242/5-81, in which case the
following data are entered into the drill sheet:
- drill column mass which operates by hammering;
- falling height;
- number of applied strikes;
- ground penetration relating to the applied strikes;
- dimensions of the sample collector (DW, DC, DS, Dt).
3.2.4 The metallic tube (the socket) from the undisturbed sample collector composition shall have the following
characteristics:
- surface index Ca< 15 %;
- undercut index Ci< 1 %;
- over-cut index Co = 0...3 %;
- cutting angle of the cutter α < 8o.
The determination of indexes Ca, Ci, Co is done with the relations:
3 STAS 1242/4-85
where
Dw cutter plate exterior diameter;
Dc cutter plate interior diameter;
Ds interior diameter of sample collector tube body
Dt exterior diameter of sample collector tube body.
NOTES:
1. The cutter plate interior diameter shall be of at least 100 mm, and the sample COLLECTOR tube length of
250...600 mm; this way, metallic tubes (sockets) with thin walls, with 450 mm length, with the following
constructive characteristics:
Dw = 132 mm
Dc = 127 mm
Ds = 128 mm
Dt = 132 mm
α = 8o are recommended for use
2. In order to protect the thread and the cutter at the sample collector tube, during transportation, one can use
rubber or plastic covers can be used.
3.2.5 The selection of the sample collector tube type, depending on the ground characteristics and on the adopted
boring technology, is recommended according to the table stipulations.
Ground characteristics Boring technology Recommended sample collector type
- with thin walls open type
manually
- with thin walls and free piston
Cohesive and slightly cohesive
- with thin walls open type
soils, in low consistency state
mechanic-rotary - with thin walls and free piston
- with thin walls and fixed piston
- with thin walls and fixed piston
Aerated and average puddling mechanic-rotary (with mud)
- with compressed air (Bishop type)
sands
by hand - with compressed air (Bishop type)
- with thin walls open type
by hand
Cohesive and slightly cohesive - with thin walls and free piston
soils, in state of average and - with thin walls open type
average-high consistency mechanic-rotary (dry or wet system) - with thin walls and free piston
- with double sampling tube
- with thick walls by pressing or
Cohesive soils with high by hand
pounding
consistency, with hard elements
- with double sampling tube
(fine gravel, concretions, plaster
mechanic-rotary (dry or wet system) - with thick walls open type by
et.)
vibration
- with double sampling tube with
Loess soils with low humidity mechanic-rotary (dry or wet system)
helical conveyer
3.2.6 All sampling tubes shall have visible punched numbers for identification.
3.2.7 Immediately after extraction, the undisturbed samples shall be cleaned at the ends on approximately 2 cm
length and then hermetically closed, by paraffin coating in two successive layers of 5 mm thickness (the second layer
being applied after the hardening of the first one), so that the samples preserve the layer humidity till they are opened in
the laboratory. Until the dispatching and during transportation, the samples are protected against shocks, excessive heat
or frost.
3.2.8 The samples are labelled immediately after the layer extraction, the following data being written on the label:
- the site where the investigation by boring takes place;
- the boring number according to programming and situation planning;
- the boring sample number; the numbering begins from the ground surface and includes all the samples
(undisturbed and disturbed) collected;
- the stamped number on the metallic tube;
- sample depth from the ground level in boring, measured till the drill foundation at the moment of
inserting the sample collector; for the samples extracted by continuous coring, the depths of the drill core
beginning and ending are noted down;
- soil name, state and color according to STAS 1243-83;
- sample extraction date.
STAS 1242/4-85 4
3.3 Disturbed samples collection
3.3.1 The disturbed samples are extracted from the boring devices, at every layer change and at least from 2m to 2
m, interposed between the undisturbed samples.
In the case when the undisturbed samples cannot be extracted in accordance with clause. 3.2, disturbed
samples are extracted from meter to meter.
NOTE: - In certain conditions, the investigation authority can forsee the samples obtaining resulted from
mixing disturbed samples collected successively. In this case the adequate depth range is indicated.
3.3.2 The disturbed samples are collected in glass, plastic pots or in plastic bags, which are labelled in accordance
with subclause. 3.2.8.
3.3.3 For the control of the ground execution, at the investigation authority request duplicate samples, are collected
from every drill, at the same depths with the undisturbed and disturbed samples, disturbed duplicate samples, which are
kept on the site in wooden or metal sheet cases of 100 x 10 x 10 cm, separated in 10 compartments. The abandon of
these cases samples is done after their examination by the investigation authority.
3.4. The water samples collection
3.4.1 From the investigation borings of the foundation ground at least one water sample from every aquifer layer
with which the designed construction elements come in contact is collected; when dealing with large density drillings
locations, the drillings number from which, water samples are collected, can be reduced.
Every water sample volume is of 1l, if the investigation authority does not ask for another volume.
3.4.2 The container in which the water sample is collected shall be clean and shall closed hermetically after the
collection.
3.4.3 The water samples are labelled after sampling, the following data being mentioned on the label:
- the site where the investigation takes place;
- the drilling number according to the program;
- the sample collection date;
- the water sample number in boring, the numbering being made in the order of the increasing collection
depth;
- the extraction depth, given the ground level;
- summary description of the sample (color, smell, sediments existence).
3.4.4 Till dispatching and during transportation, the water samples are protected against shock, excessive heat or
frost.
3.5 Samples dispatching
3.5.1 The undisturbed and disturbed samples are dispatched to the laboratory as soon as possible after finishing
every boring, packed in cases with a total mass (including the samples) shall not weight more than 50 kg.
3.5.2 The samples sent to the laboratory shall be accompanied by a socked of contents and by a copy of the boring
sheet drawn upon the field in accordance with the provisions of the clause. 4.
4. RESULTS PRESENTATION
During the boring, the daily activity report is drawn up and the boring sheet is filled in (illustrated in annex A
and B).
All the particularities emphasized during boring are registered.
The readings of the underground water level are registered as well, and the location plan is drawn up with
borings, approximate distances between these and toward other fixed points in the ground (bollards, existing
constructions etc.) (illustrated in annex C).
ANNEX A
Site Chief of Coordi
UNIT..............................Nr..................... Day.............. Apparatus Contract no. Team leader
Boring no. equipment nator
Month.......... no.
Working station...............................
ACTIVITY REPORT Year .............
TIME REEPING (Includes all the site CHECKED THE DRILLING EQUIPMENT } CHIEF OF PARTY Time
Working time
personnel specify if notice) NO IT CORRESPONDS TO NTS } VALIDATION
CORRECTIONS ALLOWED Worked hours Wor
Arrivin Leavin Total Depth
Bored Water Groun CHARACTERIZATION OF No. of king
No. First and last name Func Categ.g time g time hours
level d LAYER SOIL ACC. TO STAS sample
tion Tuning Excise Pot Socket Monol tool
categ 1243-83
From To serial ith
BORING Level of underground water
Water At At the
From to Bori
5
appeara the end
From to ng begin
nce
From to ning
From to
Total bored meters
Cased with col. From to
Cased with col. From to
PUMPING HOURS (will correspond to the ones in F.C.3-also fuel
consumption)
Boring Unit pump Electrical Compressor Hand Castings
no. pump unit canadian
DYNAMIC PENETRATION STAS 1242/5-81
Bori Penetration Reached
Dept Fixation Fixation
ng strikes no. depth
h strikes no depth
FUEL AND LUBRICANTS CONSUMPTION (the same with F.C.3)
STAS 1242/4-85
BORED Wate CHARACTERIZATION OF Worked hours
r Grou Sam Depth Worki Training was made in the following matters No.
STAS 1242/4-85
level nd LAYER SOIL ACC. TO STAS ple ng Signatures
From categ 1243-83 Tuni Excis no. pot Sock Mon tool
To
ng e et/ser o lith
ies
INSPECTIONS. CONTROLS AND SITE VISITS
RECEIPTS AND DISPATCHES OF EQUIPMENT AND SITE MATERIALS
6
OTHER ACTIVITIES (site mechanic activity is also filled in)
Chief of equipment Team leader
Auto no. Driver. From To IT WAS TRANSPORTED (the inscriptions should correspond to the road map
Arrived
Tran
sport
ation Left
s
Local
Unit no. ………………………… ANNEX B
Site ………………………… DRILL SHEET NO…………… Apparatus no.…………………………
Position …………………………
Project no(contract). …………… Started at ………………………… …
Operator name…………………… Ground quote in front of boring…………
Finished at ……………………………
Sample Water Drillin Used tool and Penetration STAS 1242/5-81
depth and layer sheets
Characterization of layer soil Stratification Boringthickness Depth g working Drill
Sample and Casing Strike no. Observations
acc. to STAS 1243-83 column speed conditions foundation ( 30 cm
thickness no. Pot Metallic earth
depth tube depth at advance)
humidit
(socket) penetration
y
7
ELABORATED: VERIFIED:
STAS 1242/4-85
ANNEX C
STAS 1242/4-85
WATER SITUATION IN BORINGS
Infiltration – appears at the depth ………………………… Water sample no.………………………………………………………………………………
- is stabilized at the depth ………………………… Collection date of the water sample ………………………… ………………………………
Water sheet- appears at the depth ………………………… Summary description of the water sample (color, smell, sediments, etc,)…………………
- is stabilized at the depth …………………………
BORING LOCATION PLAN
MONITORING WATER STABILIZATION IN BORING
Hour Drilling Foot shoe Water Observations
Date
depth depth level
8
Verified
Elaborated
9 STAS 1242/4-85
Project accoordinator: Collaborators:
MAIA – Institute of studies and designs for land - Constructions Institute – Faculty of Hydrotechnics
improvement - Institute of constructions investigation and
Engineer: Anton Papaianopol constructions economy
Engineer Dumintru Căldarin - Institute of hydro-energetic studies and designs
Princ. Pr. Constantin Stancu - Designs Institute –Prahova
Engineer Dan Bădulescu - Special works pool - Bucharest
Final revision: Romanian Standards Association
Engineer Magda Ionescu
