Loops in Java
In programming languages, loops are used to execute a set of
instructions/functions repeatedly when some conditions become true. There
are three types of loops in Java.
o for loop
o while loop
o do-while loop
Java For Loop
The Java for loop is used to iterate a part of the program several times. If the
number of iteration is fxed, it is recommended to use for loop.
There are three types of for loops in java.
o Simple For Loop
o For-each or Enhanced For Loop
o Labeled For Loop
Java Simple For Loop
A simple for loop is the same as C/C++. We can initialize the variable, check
condition and increment/decrement value. It consists of four parts:
1. Initialization: It is the initial condition which is executed once when the loop
starts. Here, we can initialize the variable, or we can use an already initialized
variable. It is an optional condition.
2. Condition: It is the second condition which is executed each time to test the
condition of the loop. It continues execution until the condition is false. It
must return boolean value either true or false. It is an optional condition.
3. Statement: The statement of the loop is executed each time until the
second condition is false.
4. Increment/Decrement: It increments or decrements the variable value. It is
an optional condition.
Syntax:
for(initialization;condition;incr/decr){
//statement or code to be executed
Flowchart:
Example:
//Java Program to demonstrate the example of for loop
//which prints table of 1
public class ForExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Code of Java for loop
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
System.out.println(i);
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Java Nested For Loop
If we have a for loop inside the another loop, it is known as nested for loop.
The inner loop executes completely whenever outer loop executes.
Example:
public class NestedForExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//loop of i
for(int i=1;i<=3;i++){
//loop of j
for(int j=1;j<=3;j++){
System.out.println(i+" "+j);
}//end of i
}//end of j
Output:
1 1
1 2
1 3
2 1
2 2
2 3
3 1
3 2
3 3
Pyramid Example 1:
public class PyramidExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){
for(int j=1;j<=i;j++){
System.out.print("* ");
System.out.println();//new line
Output:
*
* *
* * *
* * * *
* * * * *
Pyramid Example 2:
public class PyramidExample2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int term=6;
for(int i=1;i<=term;i++){
for(int j=term;j>=i;j--){
System.out.print("* ");
System.out.println();//new line
Output:
* * * * * *
* * * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
*
Java for-each Loop
The for-each loop is used to traverse array or collection in java. It is easier to
use than simple for loop because we don't need to increment value and use
subscript notation.
It works on elements basis not index. It returns element one by one in the
defned variable.
Syntax:
for(Type var:array){
//code to be executed
Example:
//Java For-each loop example which prints the
//elements of the array
public class ForEachExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Declaring an array
int arr[]={12,23,44,56,78};
//Printing array using for-each loop
for(int i:arr){
System.out.println(i);
Output:
12
23
44
56
78
Java Infinitive For Loop
If you use two semicolons ;; in the for loop, it will be infnitive for loop.
Syntax:
for(;;){
//code to be executed
Example:
//Java program to demonstrate the use of infnite for loop
//which prints an statement
public class ForExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//Using no condition in for loop
for(;;){
System.out.println("infnitive loop");
Output:
infinitive loop
infinitive loop
infinitive loop
infinitive loop
infinitive loop
ctrl+c
Now, you need to press ctrl+c to exit from the program
Java While Loop
The Java while loop is used to iterate a part of the program several times. If
the number of iteration is not fxed, it is recommended to use while loop.
Syntax:
while(condition){
//code to be executed
}
Example:
public class WhileExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i=1;
while(i<=10){
System.out.println(i);
i++;
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Java Infinitive While Loop
If you pass true in the while loop, it will be infnitive while loop.
Syntax:
while(true){
//code to be executed
Example:
public class WhileExample2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
while(true){
System.out.println("infnitive while loop");
Output:
infinitive while loop
infinitive while loop
infinitive while loop
infinitive while loop
infinitive while loop
ctrl+c
Now, you need to press ctrl+c to exit from the program.
Java do-while Loop
The Java do-while loop is used to iterate a part of the program several times.
If the number of iteration is not fxed and you must have to execute the loop
at least once, it is recommended to use do-while loop.
The Java do-while loop is executed at least once because condition is
checked after loop body.
Syntax:
do{
//code to be executed
}while(condition);
Example:
public class DoWhileExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int i=1;
do{
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}while(i<=10);
Output:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Java Infinitive do-while Loop
If you pass true in the do-while loop, it will be infnitive do-while loop.
Syntax:
do{
//code to be executed
}while(true);
Example:
public class DoWhileExample2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
do{
System.out.println("infnitive do while loop");
}while(true);
Output:
infinitive do while loop
infinitive do while loop
infinitive do while loop
ctrl+c
Now, you need to press ctrl+c to exit from the program.
Java Break Statement
When a break statement is encountered inside a loop, the loop is
immediately terminated and the program control resumes at the next
statement following the loop.
The Java break statement is used to break loop or switch statement. It
breaks the current fow of the program at specifed condition. In case of inner
loop, it breaks only inner loop.
We can use Java break statement in all types of loops such as for loop, while
loop and do-while loop.
Syntax:
jump-statement;
break;
Java Break Statement with Loop
Example:
//Java Program to demonstrate the use of break statement
//inside the for loop.
public class BreakExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//using for loop
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
if(i==5){
//breaking the loop
break;
System.out.println(i);
}
}
Output:
1
2
3
4
Java Break Statement with Inner Loop
It breaks inner loop only if you use break statement inside the inner loop.
Example:
//Java Program to illustrate the use of break statement
//inside an inner loop
public class BreakExample2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//outer loop
for(int i=1;i<=3;i++){
//inner loop
for(int j=1;j<=3;j++){
if(i==2&&j==2){
//using break statement inside the inner loop
break;
System.out.println(i+" "+j);
Output:
1 1
1 2
1 3
2 1
3 1
3 2
3 3
Java Break Statement in while loop
Example:
//Java Program to demonstrate the use of break statement
//inside the while loop.
public class BreakWhileExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//while loop
int i=1;
while(i<=10){
if(i==5){
//using break statement
i++;
break;//it will break the loop
System.out.println(i);
i++;
Output:
1
2
3
4
Java Break Statement in do-while loop
Example:
//Java Program to demonstrate the use of break statement
//inside the Java do-while loop.
public class BreakDoWhileExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//declaring variable
int i=1;
//do-while loop
do{
if(i==5){
//using break statement
i++;
break;//it will break the loop
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}while(i<=10);
Output:
1
2
3
4
Java Continue Statement
The continue statement is used in loop control structure when you need to
jump to the next iteration of the loop immediately. It can be used with for
loop or while loop.
The Java continue statement is used to continue the loop. It continues the
current fow of the program and skips the remaining code at the specifed
condition. In case of an inner loop, it continues the inner loop only.
We can use Java continue statement in all types of loops such as for loop,
while loop and do-while loop.
Syntax:
1. jump-statement;
2. continue;
Java Continue Statement Example
Example:
//Java Program to demonstrate the use of continue statement
//inside the for loop.
public class ContinueExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//for loop
for(int i=1;i<=10;i++){
if(i==5){
//using continue statement
continue;//it will skip the rest statement
System.out.println(i);
Output:
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
Java Continue Statement in while loop
Example:
//Java Program to demonstrate the use of continue statement
//inside the while loop.
public class ContinueWhileExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//while loop
int i=1;
while(i<=10){
if(i==5){
//using continue statement
i++;
continue;//it will skip the rest statement
System.out.println(i);
i++;
Output:
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
Java Continue Statement in do-while loop
Example:
//Java Program to demonstrate the use of continue statement
//inside the Java do-while loop.
public class ContinueDoWhileExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//declaring variable
int i=1;
//do-while loop
do{
if(i==5){
//using continue statement
i++;
continue;//it will skip the rest statement
System.out.println(i);
i++;
}while(i<=10);
Output:
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
10
