Constructivism Approach

Inquiry Approach
Cooperative Approach
 Constructivism: Introduction

Traditional Teaching -→ active teaching

Theory of
constructivism
Constructivism: neo-Piagetian
Theories

To correct these weaknesses of Piaget's theory,

various researchers, who are known as neo-
Piagetian theorists, produced models of cognitive
development that integrate concepts from
Piaget's theory with newer concepts
from cognitive psychology and differential
psychology
 Constructivism: neo-Piagetian
Theories
Unlike Piaget, Neo-Piagetians believe that
aspects of information processing change
the complexity of each stage, not logic as
determined by Piaget.
Aall Neo-Piagetian theories support that experience and learning
interact with biological maturation in shaping cognitive development.

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piagetians/#:~:text=Similar%20to%20Piaget's%20theory%2C%20Neo,more%20complex%20in%20advanced%2
0stages.
Theory of Constructivism

Knowledge is mapping of how the individual

concerned acts and thinks in order to attain
actively his/her goals
Theory of Constructivism

Knowledge is the product of the

constructional activities carried out
Theory of Constructivism

The spoken language is a mean of

interaction to enable the teacher, albeit with
certain constraints
 Psychologists’ View
Learn mathematics through experiences (Soloman, 1990).
Learning should be the product of each student’s own effort
Students should be given opportunity to construct knowledge

Each individual needs to abstract meaning and concepts from his own
experience (Van Glasersfield, 1991)
 Constructivism Approach
Inquiry Approach
Cooperative Approach

[Link]
Inquiry approach: Introduction

Three layers of inquiry

Inquiry in learning mathematics
Teachers and didacticians exploring math together in tasks and problems in
workshops
Pupils in school learning math through exploration in tasks and problems
Inquiry in teaching
Teacherss using inquiry in the design and implementation of tasks
Inquiry developing the teaching of math
Teachers and didacticians researching ghe processes of using inquiry in math
teacning and learning
Inquiry approach: Introduction

An inquiry cycle involves DOING An inquiry cycle involves DOING,

OBSERVING and ANALYSING
✓ Plan
✓ Act ✓ Critical questions about teaching
✓ Reflect ✓ Plan/replan „
✓ Feedback ✓ Act & Observe
✓ Reflect and Analyse
✓ Feedback to planning
Constructivism Approach
Inquiry Approach
Cooperative Approach
 Teachers’ Roles

Facilitator
-→ guiding student to explore Enhance their
thinking skills
-→ asking challenging questions Developing their
multiple
intelligences

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National Council of Teachers of
Mathematics (NCTM) (1989)
“… small groups provide a forum in which
students ask questions, discuss ideas, make
mistakes, learn to listen to others’ ideas,
offer constructive criticism, and summarise
their discoveries in writing.” (p.79)
Work together to achieve a common aim --→ cooperative learning
National Council of Teachers of
Mathematics (NCTM) (1989)
Work together to achieve a common aim --→ cooperative learning

Ensure inclusive and

Promote equality in educational setting --→ SDG4 equitable quality
education and
promote lifelong
learning opportunities
for all

Promote value of “responsible” through the aim of achieving a common goal

National Council of Teachers of
Mathematics (NCTM) (1989)
Davidson (1985, 1996) & Webb (1985) reviewed studies on
cooperative learning that focused on the relationship:

Students’ achievement Learning of mathematics

positive
Cooperative learning Mathematical skills effect but not
significant
among
preservice
teachers
Cooperative Learning Approaches: Learning Together Approach

Basics Concepts of Cooperative Learning

Basics principles

Class building – every member has their

contributions

Group forming heterogeneous for about 6 weeks

Management – Keep the students active, but

with less noise.

Social interaction – caring, mutual

understanding, interact positively (listhening…..)
Cooperative Learning Approaches: Structural Approach

Class Building
Concept
Development
Cooperative Project

Practice

Simultaneous
.
Cooperative Learning Approaches: Complex Approach
Group activities with certain rules

Student Teams
Achievement Division
(STAD) Group-Maths-Tournament (GMT)/
Team-Group-Tournament

Others…