Soils in India

Name Areas Located Texture Formation Rich in Poor in Crops that Parent rock
grow well
Alluvial  Costal strips of peninsular  Fine Silt Transported  Potash  Phosphoric  Rice Fine particles
Soil India  Found in or ex-situ soil  Lime Acid  Wheat brought by the
 Plains of Gujarat 500m depth  Humus  Nitrogen  Gram river.
 Ganga Brahmaputra Plain  Can hold  Organic  Jute
 Punjab, Bihar and West water nutrient
Bengal

Black  Deccan Plateau in  Clayey Residual or  Lime  Phosphorus  Cotton They are formed
soil Maharashtra and Madhya  Fine grained in-situ soil  Iron  Nitrogen  Wheat from
Pradesh ( also called as  Black to  Magnesium  Humus  Jowar metamorphic
Deccan trap) reddish brown  Calcium  Sugarcane rocks and
 Some parts of Gujrat  Retain carbonate  Jute volcanic rocks.
moisture  Alumina  linseeds
 Develop  Potash
cracks during
dry spells.
Red soil  South eastern part of Deccan  Coarse Residual or  Iron  Phosphorous  Rice The develop in
plateau  Crumbly in-situ soil compounds  Nitrogen  Wheat crystalline
 Chhota Nagpur plateau at  Porous  Magnesium  Sugarcane igneous soil in
Jharkhand  Brown grey or  Lime  Cotton areas of poor
 Tamil Nadu blackish  Humus  Pulse rainfall.
 Kerala colour.
 Goa
 Laterite  Western Ghats  Acidic Residual or  Iron  Lime  Coffee They are
soil  Kerela  Coarse in-situ soil  Aluminum  Silica  Rubber developed by
 Eastern Ghats  Crumbly  Cashew leaching in the
 Chhota Nagpur Plateau  Not fit for  Tapioca areas of heavy
 Odisha cultivation rainfall.
 Assam

Natural Vegetation
Name Areas Trees Rainfall or Temperatu Humidity Features
Relief re
Tropical  Wind ward side of  Rose 200cm – 300 25℃ to 27℃ More than  The forest is dense and thick so difficult to exploit.
Evergreen Forest Western ghats. wood cm 77%  They are found at high elevation
 Hills of NE India  Mahogan  The trees never shed their leaves and the forest appears
 Tamil Nadu Coast y evergreen through out the year.
 Island groups of  Ebony  Undergrowth of ferns, climbers and epiphytes are
Lakshadweep and  Shisham common here.
Andaman and Nicobar  Bamboo  The trees reach height more than 60m due to the heavy
Island. rainfall and high temperatures.
Tropical  Tamil Nadu  Sandalwo 100cm – Mean annual 50% to 80%  These forest are economically important to India because
Deciduous Soil  Assam od 200cm temperature of they can be exploited easily
 Odisha  Teak of 27℃  These trees shed their leaves for six to eight weeks in
 Bihar  Sal summer in order to survive the dry season
 Madhya Pradesh.  Amla  These forest are more typical in the monsoon region so
 Mulberry they are also known as Monsoon Climate.
 Bamboo
Tropical Desert  Rajasthan  Neem Less than Very hot and -  They have long spreading roots which enable them to
and thorn forest  Drier parts of Punjab  Babool 70cm dry season absorb water from the ground.
 Dry parts of Deccan  Date Palm  Their leaves are modified into spines to prevent the loss
Plateau and Andhra  Species of of water by transpiration. Spines also protect them from
Pradesh . acacia animals.
 They are widely scattered.
Tidal Forest  Estuaries and fringes of  Sundari Forest that - -  Tidal forest grows in the salt water.
Deltas. Tree grows in the  Mangrove roots slow down the water flow and make
 Delta of the Ganga  Amur costal saline deposition of sediments possible.
Brahmaputra is the  Screw and brackish  They are the home to many wildlife like tiger, deer’s and
 largest tide known as Pine water. crocodiles.
Sundarbans.  Hintal  Also known as mangrove or littoral forest.
 Delta region of
Mahanadi, Krishna and
Kaveri.
Mountain  Himalayan zone of  Vegetation Very cool -  At a high altitude Coniferous forest are found.
Vegetation Kashmir. varies temperature.  Conifers have narrow, needle shaped leaves adapted to
 Himachal Pradesh according to conserve the moisture.
 Meghalaya the height  Here the summers are cool and the winters are severe.
 Nagaland because
rainfall
changes.