विद्यत
ु सरु क्षा और राष्ट्रीय विद्यत
ु संहिता, 2011
-एक नजर में
ELECTRICAL SAFETY AND NATIONAL
ELECTRICAL CODE 2011
- AT A GLANCE
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
Electricity is inseparable part of our life but it is also life taking factor if not handled
properly. Anyone can be exposed to electrical hazards at home or work. Electricity not
only utilized in every industry it is also a major industry. Precaution, awareness, rules
and regulations can make the proper path to flow the current in safe and usable manner.
ELECTRICAL HAZARD
Electrical hazard is potential to cause harm due to exposure of situation when a person
come in contact with energized part of apparatus or conductor and feel the shock,
encountered with injuries, burn etc.
Three factors determine the resistance of a substance to the flow of electricity:
•What it is made of.
•Its size.
•Its temperature.
❖ Substances with very little resistance to the flow of electrical current are called
conductors. Examples are metals.
❖ Substances with such a high resistance that they can be used to prevent the flow
of electrical current are called insulators. Examples are glass, porcelain, plastic,
and dry wood.
❖ Pure water is a poor conductor of electricity, but small amounts of impurities,
such as salt and acid (perspiration contains both), make it a ready conductor.
Therefore, although dry wood is a poor conductor, when saturated with water it
becomes a ready conductor.
❖ The same is true of human skin. When skin is dry, it is a poor conductor of
electrical current. When it is moist, it readily conducts electricity. Use extreme
caution when working with electricity where there is water in the environment or
on the skin.
HOW ELECTRICAL CURRENT AFFECTS THE HUMAN
Factors affect the severity of the shock a person receives when he or she is a part of an
electrical circuit:
• Amount of current flowing through the body (measured in amperes).
• Path of the current through the body.
• Length of time the body is in the circuit.
• The voltage of the current.
• The presence of moisture in the environment.
• The phase of the heart cycle when the shock occurs.
HOW SHOCKS OCCUR
Electric shock occurs in one of three ways. Individuals, while in contact with the
ground, must come in contact with:
How different levels of exposure to
electricity can affect people
Current level (in milliamperes) Probable effect on human body
0.5 mA Perception level. Slight tingling sensation. Still
dangerous under certain conditions.
5 mA Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing. Average
individual can let go. However, strong involuntary
reactions to shocks in this range may lead to injuries.
6-30 mA Painful shock, muscular control is lost. This is called the
freezing current or "letgo" range.
50-150 mA Extreme pain, respiratory arrest, severe muscular
contractions. Individual cannot let go. Death is possible.
1000-4300 mA Ventricular fibrillation (the rhythmic pumping action of
the heart ceases.) Muscular contraction and nerve
damage occur. Death is most likely.
10,000 mA Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death.
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE 2011
SP 30 : 2011
(First Revision)
THEME OF THE CODE
India is on the path of development and its infrastructure sector has grown
progressively. The buildings and services so constructed depend on power for their
construction and effective utilization. In fact, power is one of the prime movers of
development and electrical energy is the predominant form of energy being used
due to ease of generation/conversion, transmission, and final utilization.
Specific regulations, to be adhered to in the supply and use of electrical energy,
had been laid down by the Indian Electricity Act and the Indian Electricity Rules
framed thereunder. The agencies involved have varied practices in view of their
diverse interests and different accessibility levels to technological developments.
In order to unify these practices, India’s National Electrical Code provides a
compendium of several well established codes of practice which provided
assistance on economic selection, installation and maintenance of electrical
equipment employed in the usage of electrical energy. The code complemented
and elaborated on the Indian Electricity Rules for the ease of application by the
system engineers by recommending the best practices for electrical installations in
a consolidated form..
The National Electrical Code is intended to be advisory. It contains guidelines,
which can be immediately adopted for use by the various interests concerned. Its
provisions are presently not mandatory but are expected to serve as a model for
adoption in the interest of safety and economy and with the intent to keep our
electrical installation practices at par with the best practices in the world.
What does National Electrical Code 2011 cover?
The National Electrical Code covers the following:
a) Standard good practices for selection of various items of electrical equipment
forming part of power systems;
b) Recommendations concerning safety and related matter in the wiring of electrical
installations of buildings or industrial structures, promoting compatibility between
such recommendations and those concerning the equipment installed.
c) General safety procedures and practices in electrical work; and
d) Additional precautions to be taken for use of electrical equipment for special
environmental conditions like explosive and active atmosphere.
The National Electrical Code applies to electrical installations such as those in:
a) Standby/emergency generating plants and building substations;
b) Domestic dwellings;
c) Office buildings, shopping and commercial centres and institutions;
d) Recreation and other public premises;
e) Medical establishments;
f) Hotels;
g) Sports buildings;
h) Industrial premises;
i) Temporary and permanent outdoor installations;
j) Agricultural premises; and
k) Installations in hazardous areas.
l) Solar Photovoltaic installations
The Code applies to circuits other than the internal wiring of apparatus.
The Code does not apply to traction, motor vehicles, installations in rolling-stock, on
board-ships, aircraft or installations in underground mines.
The Code covers only electrical aspects of lightning protection of buildings and in so far
as the effects of lightning on the electrical installations are concerned. It does not cover
lightning protection aspects from structural safety point of view.
The Code is also not intended to apply to:
a) Systems of distribution of energy to public; and
b) Power generation and transmission for such systems.
The Code also does not cover guidelines on the payment for electrical work done in
installations.
CONTENTS
PART 1 GENERAL AND COMMON ASPECTS Covers fundamental aspects of
installation practice are common for most
of the types of electrical installations.
Section 1 Scope of the National Electrical ✓ Standard good practices for
Code selection of various items of
electrical equipment forming part
of power systems;
✓ Recommendations concerning
safety and related matter in the
wiring of electrical installations of
buildings or industrial structures,
promoting compatibility between
such recommendations and those
concerning the equipment
installed;
✓ General safety procedures and
practices in electrical work; and
✓ Additional precautions to be taken
for use of electrical equipment for
special environmental conditions
like explosive and active
atmosphere.
Section 2 Terminology Covers definitions based on International
electrotechnical vocabulary
Section 3 Graphical Symbols for Covers graphical symbols for diagrams,
Diagrams, Letter Symbols and letter, symbols and signs used in
Signs installation diagrams
Section 4 Guide for Preparation of ✓ Various diagrams and charts are
Diagrams, Charts, Tables, and to be prepared during planning
Marking and execution, for the sake of
uniformity, different types of
diagrams, charts, tables and
marking have been defined.
✓ Paper sizes are also referred
Section 5 Units and Systems of Covers units and systems of
Measurement measurement in electrotechnology in
accordance with International System of
Units (SI)
Section 6 Standard Values Covers standard values of ac and dc
distribution voltages, preferred values of
current ratings and standard system
frequency.
Section 7 Fundamental Principles ✓ Enumerates the fundamental
principles of design and execution
of electrical installations.
✓ Covers aspects such as materials
(to conform to relevant IS),
workmanship, competency
Section 8 Assessment of General Recommended method of identification of
Characteristics of Buildings the external influences on the electrical
installation such as environment,
utilization and method of construction of
the building.
Section 9 Wiring Installations Covers essential design and
constructional requirements for electrical
wiring installation
Section Short-Circuit Calculations Covers guidelines relating to short circuit
10 withstand capability of electrical
equipment and to check permissible
voltage drop in cables and flexible cables
upto equipment terminals.
Section Electrical Aspects of Building Covers requirements for installation work
11 Services relating to building services such as
Lighting and ventilation,Air-conditioning
and heating, and Lifts and escalators that
use electric power.
Section Selection of Equipment Covers essential criteria for selection of
12 equipment, and users of the Code are
recommended to make reference to
individual product codes for detailed
guidelines.
Section Erection and Pre- Covers general principles of erection of
13 commissioning Testing of installation and guidelines on initial
Installations testing before commissioning.
Section Earthing Covers the essential requirements
14 associated with earthing in electrical
installations. These relate to general
conditions of soil resistivity, design
parameters of earth electrode, earth bus
and earth wires and methods of
measurements.
Section Lightning Protection Covers the essential design and
15 construction details of lightning protective
systems.
Section Protection against Voltage Covers the protection requirements in low
16 Surges voltage electrical installation of buildings
Section Guidelines for Power Factor Covers causes for low power factor and
17 Improvement guidelines for use of capacitors to
improve the same in consumer
installations.
Section Energy Efficiency Aspects Covers the aspects to be considered for
18 selection of equipment from energy
conservation point of view and guidance
on energy audit.
Section Safety in Electrical Work Covers guidelines on safety procedures
19 and practices in electrical work.
Section Tables Covers frequently referred tables in
20 electrical engineering work
PART 2 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN Covers essential requirements for
STANDBY GENERATING STATIONS electrical installations in stand-by
AND CAPATIVE SUBSTATIONS generating stations and captive
substations intended to serve a building
or group of buildings.
PART 3 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS IN NON- Covers requirements for major types of
INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS non-industrial occupations.
Section 1 Domestic Dwellings Covers requirements for electrical
installations in domestic dwellings.
Section 2 Office Buildings, Shopping and Covers requirements for electrical
Commercial Centres and installations in Office Buildings, Shopping
Institutions and Commercial Centres and Institutions
etc
Section 3 Recreational, Assembly Covers requirements for electrical
Buildings installations in Recreational centres,
Assembly Buildings etc
Section 4 Medical Establishments Covers requirements for electrical
installations in Medical Establishments
etc
Section 5 Hotels Covers requirements for electrical
installations in Hotels etc
Section 6 Sports Buildings Covers requirements for electrical
installations in Sports Buildings etc
Section 7 Specific Requirements for Covers requirements for electrical
. Electrical Installations in installations in multistoried Buildings etc
multistoried Buildings
PART 4 ELECTRICAL lNSTALLATlONS IN Covers the guidelines for design and
INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS construction of electrical installations in
industrial buildings.
PART 5 OUTDOOR INSTALLATIONS Covers requirements for electrical
installations of installations erected
outdoor.
Section 1 Public Lighting Installations Covers general principles governing the
lighting of public thoroughfares. The
requirements are based on
recommendations of the International
Commission on Illumination (CIE)
Section 2 Temporary Outdoor Covers the requirements for outdoor
Installations electrical installations of temporary use.
Section 3 Permanent Outdoor Covers requirements for permanent
Installations outdoor installations, for operations of
equipment and machinery therein used
for the purposes such as: Winning,
stacking and primary processing;
Secondary processing; transport
conveying; associated pumping and
water, ancillaries etc.
PART 6 ELECTRICAL INSTALLATlONS IN Covers requirements for the fixed
AGRICULTURAL PREMlSES electrical installations in agricultural
premises
PART 7 ELECTRlCAL INSTALLATIONS IN Covers recommendations for electrical
HAZARDOUS AREAS installations in chemical industries,
petroleum refineries and other similar
areas where hazards of explosion due to
gases and vapours exist.
PART 8 SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) POWER Covers essential requirements for
SUPPLY SYSTEMS electrical installations for power supply
system based on the solar photovoltaic
energy including systems with ac
modules.
How to Avoid Hazards?
✓ All the electrical material used must be marked.
✓ The electrification work shall be entrusted to
qualified and licensed electrical contractor only.
✓ Adequate capacity of MCB or ELCB/RCCB shall be
provided in the installation as per standard.
✓ Poor quality and undersize wire shall not be used.
✓ Joints shall be avoided in the wiring and if necessary then shall
be insulated with insulating tap.
✓ Storage of flammable material near electric panel, circuit
breaker and switch room, working in wet humid condition leads
to electrical accidents.
✓ Always turn off the device before unplugging it or plugging it.
✓ Never use equipment with frayed cords, damaged insulation or
broken plugs.
✓ Public especially children shall be made aware about dangers
associated with power lines and electrical networks.
✓ Keep electrical wires of equipment away from hot surfaces to
prevent damage of the insulation.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY AT/NEAR SCHOOL
1 . Schools should be located far away from the substations or supply lines.
2. Open distribution box, junction box,street box etc should not be there
either in the school or in the way to school.
3. Transformers should be fenced adequately and properly.
DO’s
a. DO ask for help when you need to use electrical equipment.
b. DO have safety caps on all unused electrical items
Dont’s
a. DON’t ever climb the fence around a electrical substation.
b. DON’t take shelter under any structure in rain/storm that has
supply lines in its vicinity.
IMPORTANT SAFETY STANDARDS INSIDE OUR HOUSE
S.No Products/Application Indian Standard
1 IS 732:2019 Code of practice
for electrical wiring
installations (Fourth
Revision)
Electrical Installation
2 IS 3043:2018 Code of
practice for earthing (Second
Revision)
EARTHING
IS 1293:2019Plugs and
socket - Outlets of rated
Voltage up to and including
250 Volts and rated current
up to and including 16
amperes - Specification
Plugs and Sockets
IS 3854:1997 Switches for
domestic and similar
purposes - Specification
Switches
IS 694:2010 Polyvinyl
chloride insulated
unsheathed and sheathed
cables/cords with rigid and
flexible conductor for rated
voltages up to and including
450/750 v
Cables
IS/IEC 60898 : PART 1:2015
Electrical accessories - Circuit
- Breakers for overcurrent
protection for household and
similar installations: Part 1
circuit - Breakers for a.c.
operation
MCBs
IS 13779:1999 AC static
watihour meters, class 1 and 2
- Specification
ELECTRICITY METER
IS 16102(Part 1) Self-Ballasted
LED Lamps for General
Lighting Services Part 1 Safety
Requirements
LED BULB
IS 374:2019 Specification for
electric ceiling type fans and
regulators
CEILING FANS
FIRST AID
FIRST AID
➢ A person getting electric shock needs to be
disconnected from the source of power. The
disconnecting switch/breaker should be identified and
turned off.
➢ Unfortunately, if connected device cannot be located,
the victim can be pried or pulled from the circuit by an
insulated object such as dry wood board, piece of non-
metallic conduit or rubber electrical cord.
➢ Immediate medical response should be provided to
victims i.e check for breathing and pulse, then apply
Cardio-pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) as necessary to
maintain oxygenation.
➢ If a victim is still conscious, he needs to be closely
monitored and cared -for until trained emergency
response personnel arrive.
➢ The victim should be kept warm and comfortable to
avoid danger of physiological shock.
