NEUST

INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
1 of 15
Permutation

NEUST
- grouping of things where arrangement is important
Combination
- grouping of things where arrangement is not considered important

INSTRUCTIONAL
Problem: How many permutations can be made from letters A, B and C if all letters are taken at a time?

MATERIAL
Problem: In how many ways can you line up 5 persons to get up a bus?

2 of 15
Problem: If certain two persons refuse to follow each other, how many ways are possible?

NEUST
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
3 of 15
Circular Permutation
- defined as an arrangement in circle

NEUST
- if there are n things and all are to be arranged in a circular formation, then:

𝑷= 𝒏−𝟏 !

INSTRUCTIONAL
Problem: How many circular arrangements can be made from 6 different objects if all are taken at a time?

MATERIAL
4 of 15
Permutation with Identical Things
- let there be n things where r are identical. If all will be taken at a time then:

NEUST 𝑷=
𝒏!
𝒏𝟏 ! 𝒏𝟐 ! 𝒏𝟑 ! … 𝒏𝒓 !

INSTRUCTIONAL
Problem: How many permutations can be made if all are taken at a time from the letters of the word ABA?

MATERIAL
From the word MAHAL?

5 of 15
From the word KALUGURAN?
Combination/Selection
- when there are things and r things are to be combined or selected:

NEUST 𝑪=𝑺=
𝑷
𝒓!

INSTRUCTIONAL
Problem: In a group of 10 boys and 15 girls, how many selections of 6 students are possible?

MATERIAL
What if the selection must consist of 2 boys and 4 girls, how many selections are possible?

6 of 15
Problem: How many circular permutation of 4 objects can be made out of 6 different objects?

NEUST
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
7 of 15
Probability (or Chance)
𝐷
𝑃=
𝑇

NEUST
Where: D = number of desired events
T = total number of possible outcomes or events
Note: If there are three possibilities of corresponding probability 𝑃1 , 𝑃2 , and 𝑃3 .
𝑃1 +𝑃2 +𝑃3 = 1

INSTRUCTIONAL
That is, 1 is the sum of all the probabilities.

Problem: Three men are running for public office candidates A and B given about the same chance of

a. C wins. MATERIAL
winning, while C is given twice the chance of either A or B. Find the probability that:

b. A does not win.

8 of 15
Dice Probability

Problem: In a single throw of a pair of dice, what is the probability of having a 7 or 11?

NEUST
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
9 of 15
Dice Probability

Problem: A pair of dice is thrown. If it is known that one dice shows a 4, what is the probability that the
other dice shows a 5?
NEUST
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
10 of 15
Card Probability

NEUST
Principle: 1 set (or deck of cards) consist of the following:
13 spades
13 flowers
black color
black color

INSTRUCTIONAL
13 hearts
13 diamonds
red color
red color

MATERIAL
Jack, Queen and King are Face Cards. There are 12 face cards.

11 of 15
Card Probability

Problem: In a poker hand consisting of 5 cards, what is the probability of holding

NEUST
a. 2 aces and 2 kings.
b. 5 spades.

INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
12 of 15
Probability of Independent Events
Independent events are events with independent probabilities.
Solution is by tree diagram or probability multiplication technique.

NEUST
Problem: A player sunk 50% of all his shots. What is the probability that he will make exactly 3 of his next
4 shots?

INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
13 of 15
Repeated Binomial Probability
𝑃 = 𝑃𝐷 𝑃𝐼𝑃
Where: 𝑃𝐷 = number of desired probability

NEUST
𝑃𝐼𝑃 = product of independent probabilities

Problem: A player sunk 50% of all his shots. What is the probability that he will make exactly 3 of his next
4 shots?
INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
14 of 15
Repeated Binomial Probability

Problem: A coin is biased so that the head is twice as likely to occur as tail. If it is thrown three times, find

NEUST
the probability of having at least 2 heads.

INSTRUCTIONAL
MATERIAL
15 of 15