Name: John Rafael Y.
Diaz RATING: __________
Schedule: Monday (8:00 – 12:00 PM 1 subject) Date Performed: 12/07/22
st
Date submitted: 12/13/22
OBJECTIVE:
To describe lipids and their properties.
To test the solubility of oils in different solvent.
To tell the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats.
Theory:
Lipids are natural compounds that do not dissolve in water but do dissolve in organic
solvents. Lipids are classified into several types, including fatty acids, waxes,
triacylglycerols (fats and oils), phospholipids, and steroids. In nature, fatty acids are
usually found in the form of triacylglycerols, waxes, and phospholipids. Soap is made
from animal fats or vegetable oils (particularly palm oil). Fatty acids are classed as
saturated or unsaturated based on whether or not they have carbon-carbon double
bonds. The carbon-carbon double bonds are vulnerable to chemical assault because they
are not saturated with hydrogen. a single substance Bromine is an element that readily
attacks these double bonds (Br2). Lipids are a key component of foods and are vital in
our diet for a variety of reasons. They are a significant source of energy and vital lipid
nutrients. Nonetheless, excessive consumption of certain lipid components, such as
cholesterol and saturated fats, can be harmful to our health. Many foods rely heavily on
lipids to determine overall physical properties such as flavor, texture, mouthfeel, and
appearance. As a result, developing low-fat alternatives to many foods is challenging
since some of the most significant physical qualities are lost when the fat is eliminated.
Materials Required:
Coconut Oil
Vegetable Oil
Palm Oil
Margarine
Plastic cups
Water
Acetone
Soap
Iodine solution
Apparatus Setup:
Procedure:
1. Pour the coconut oil, vegetable oil, palm oil, margarine in each cup of water,
acetone, and soap.
2. Then mix all the mixtures thoroughly.
3. Drop the Iodine solution (depending on the drops) in the coconut oil, vegetable
oil, palm oil, and margarine.
4. Mix it thoroughly.
Observation / Result:
Based on my observations, coconut oil, margarine, vegetable oil, and palm oil are both
insoluble in water, meaning unable to dissolve in a liquid, particularly water. But in the
acetone and soap they’re both soluble, meaning capable of dissolved in a liquid. In
addition, in the degree of saturation the coconut oil has 2 drops of Iodine solution and
its color turned into rust red and it is saturated, meaning it is a substance that has atoms
that are connected by single bonds. In the margarine we have 3 drops of Iodine solution
and its color turned into light red and it is unsaturated, meaning a molecule contains
double or triple carbon-carbon bonds. In the vegetable oil and palm oil are both have 8
drops of Iodine solution and the color of vegetable oil turned brown, while the palm oil
turned into dark red. The vegetable oil is unsaturated, while the palm oil is saturated.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, all living things and food contain lipids, a broad and diverse collection of
molecules with unique physicochemical characteristics including non-polarity and
solubility in organic solvents. Lipids are also found in all living things. Some lipids,
particularly fatty acids and sterols, are necessary for the survival of plants and animals.
Furthermore, solid triglycerols (Fats) contain a higher percentage of saturated fatty
acids than liquids (Oil), which contain a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids.
When describing the fatty acid chains of various oils, the terms saturated and
unsaturated indicate whether or not carbon double bonds are present. Saturated oils are
those with only single bonds (no double bonds), since the fatty acid chains are
saturated, or filled, with hydrogen. Any oil with two bonds is said to be unsaturated.
Iodine quickly reacts with the double bonds in fatty acids (I2). When iodine is added to
an unsaturated oil, the double bonds react with one another, lightening the dark color.
The black color of saturated oil never disappears since the iodine has nothing to react
with. The amount of double bonds in that particular oil determines how quickly the
color fades. The iodine will react and lose color more quickly when there are more
double bonds present. Therefore, the more saturated the oil is, the longer it takes for the
color to fade.
