urwress youva Powptiak Di Penemtich Qugtion Defi= 4 TiRaembiat etuation contaivin) ont oc more —__—_}|-_iumaled_cleaivatives 15 tema ogo. Banat difrerction uation. et Gn aimendonal_Lal Pe) ye ONE face's en.) 9 ye ty “Cwave 2a) | at ak Fray oCHecd 29") L aoe . oe lortex of PDE The emios of & PDE is +the o7@ent of He | bakes cron Retains dexvetive Prost tn the 2h | DeJaee of ODE -- The detree fico POE is the Power of [a te ighert onder Pop Present inthe 29) e. st : : i = gw guy 4 1, caw-2 vebree-1 |e a oot : au \y ray - -2 \ 2 woe ye. [uy pz\* omoneo , peter 2 pat, Od fae) ae, co N44, Degree - 1 a Pa SAE Ee x | Linear Poe t= A Pe of Sixst dedece + in defemdeat — diferenticre -PYucction ctheremice [s _conthed _ No Li mean’ PDE _ a ae a Ot aoc Fu 5 WW pay = siny - nom -iineoe ae ot ooRee is donee — | ay Be a Smo = timeces, 23 = +P 5c iS ay ; wor tit went Won- limecr @uetion:= —7 q * ; °. : en t ocHion§ — met _come wrdenc tig cibove -tawee. 4Yfe8, 3 B fiast_omos PoE £42.24) 20 colich dos | SEB npn = tinea 2 Iuertion Pe 21, Pyescyz sop yiee= 4 “ => £ £ i = © = | Comitcun$S .-. ___vewiahler tiga to PDE | foymmed iS omen 12 amd Uumitue PDE oF i Of TrdePem a nebeees ok oar _} 2 OF more constoumt§, AMAR “thes the eiiniredi Jaret i gives rise t2— anere -tncun cme Aver! Bi. of omer oneEscamnPes |For the PDE fan di ay 2 Cody! Ccege - 3) 2 ata Pu) |____ biffememticntinn] ‘ye. oa ce tt sh acne tet TSR gear = 2) Ps een Q 7 =i pele > Ce) coe | Diferentiating 1 weg 4 22. os ap 92a =.) joy ~~ . . + 1 ? i Eviminating | fun 2) Putco) £4) in 1) =P yy Be sfegy £2 4224 . ok (2) | 2 cone - 2) =ax4 the +e a) fae ho as a aya —— (2) tae aoc i Qe, oct C —) 3) ay j qo ptedn piercing ce) £3) w.m4 se f J . Rerveosiver Se ge 20 Qe caine #3 -—) 49 =Fee or a m Moweg ye PageNos Date: A Diffenendian} co) wir. 9 dz a — 6 aocdd for - () 419) we Get a Bey d= ge Cayty) +4 (oocrc) Ooc ' ) = + +C = = (ascy + boctcy ) + asx nde yy a2 2 zt fz oc eae 27 axa'y = Pocpete 72 gorose vom 3) az = Bc 44 ta s@ aaZ -o% —— ied aoe * |aAaz = bb — ay Et —_— Etimimating oc 2 b Gun- ce) £3) AZ ~axP + aAy +a_ <-| = P4944 + am Z= H0¢+ bY +abvb az a 3p —— U0) aoe QZ b= 4 —— x) oy 7 = Port a4 + PF _ C5) [ze 4 foed toe Fey) ? \ 2 Yfo0 + 44) = f aoe : Jaz. Pre) + 9¢ yon) 24 TY de. Pocd 4 JO aod" z —__ [94 Py we < foc +3)a > Sez De acy Slee C4) + 4 Looe ot EV de 2 fardty) a4 foud]_ 2c (oT) ~ ocf+y) = z+xys ce) = (yo + (4D Pe &te-2) 2) sc-2 = _P Z Yak (4-3) 5) YR = 7 z 7 - Py a4 jaz = php at Oa) Cb) zs al xy =xb-aysoub ~ 2s, Sy ye Yb = 82P < doe 2) bs eer abs do H f+2eP : has =akzf —!) pe au — 8274 = LY 2) gece = PY Aekz 9 AOL RINSE +224, Cs ~DPD+30~ <4 ne) (£44929) (Qc Pep) ~ ees ody yemowrese (ye ——— @) |z:Ae sink cere, 9 LP Re Q% . AP @ ens foc dct) Doe ye. Ae el? cinPe > Cr) Ot 2 Pt. Qe — AP elt singpoe = ————c.) de® we. pet ef ci one —— %) at* : Addin} Ch £c< ) BY Erimination of arbitary functions, olzs Cody") az -2f ay. Pod) ec 09 You se 97C : wz. FOS) Ce) —)e) % 22 at OOt-17) a eeey) SOocry?) Poe) 2 9 aX p2 Sr [/-4 fps — be 2 P42 -Fo¢ : Cay) a PY 49220WO] z= Pocrey) + db Oe-a4) -fheray) — G bra? ! Ye. Pouasy) a tp eo am sot Pore Fe Fouad) -e + g'acay) af =a VP Gero) 40 O-a4)) oA C can Y T = - 2. a Foctay) +g Gc-ay) = a a Foceay)- =) Ca) | = + )-a +6 (06 | 22a 92 ye ge iil pede x cad [us £ foc) we Ug? MPa © we ity) y ay roy /-o0) ge) io44 tPecze 4p Loct44 z= ob OF yee?) 1432. OEE) Gre taep) Boe leh 2 Codey 4s) Carvaee) CD {x4 =p CPV 2) Gey 424) ———5 @) fom_ac1) Pree 2 L@ Eximin cet 9p ¢ 147? LMU Qz P te ee 122} OY X79 Cee) (yes) = Cry )\C ocree) Cyez dP 4 (e094 = acd)Note > TE adi peu. ahi P(yjv) so jen use, Pet Gq = R Pe atu) o> aur) RB az). 20 | pinay ye cay z=) 20 - a BP, Ua 9S Ma o@ey -= PLY). we male, bhayee eete=) so —2@ | omg” ey 2 Ps QCuw) a a eg) op A -[4 1 |. =z 24 ay <2 ae 2iuy) . |e Poe alah) My hoe | _fer 1 | — = IC +FAZ Ro alu) ho yy 3 0oU4) hoe M4The ReTuined POE is, [er Qq sR (-2z~24) ¢ + (Qxter \ y= 2Yy~ 200 ‘| C¥ee ee ~— (x¢+z) Vie oc-Y Foctite oe ukye Deo 3) FocHy™ ocyz) 20 Ussy wsscyz P= luv) | wa eye 2 (4,7) Py We | -[-2y 27 il -XNY 9c = { -aory® f Gz Cu) Pipe ye [ Sage) [2% re Mz [ 250 °o ee Lyz 3c} J wo Cu, 9) Mae ass { socy) IP Yee el 7 | Roc ~2 agode +84 ze [ye eeIc Perea 2R r Tu Pp = oko Y 2 doFe +94 xyP + xiq s —22 fz (A) Foe ye zxyjro0 Usoet y (Bt z-ocy au) | Opa Oba | acy 2)” [Yn PY, | +s of} ay ~oc [a3] © 4 a 3B ° atu) Jeo ey mano = oy abu [-y oc Yer @g: R=) BYP X28 F 2 K-24 + _ _——- —‘youva oliction of P.D.F | > 1A finctionat Repation. beter eom x, 442 1s ccou0ed —_ asaiusion of fiasi rae Peunaiout life’ 29) of the farm fF Oe 4,221) 26. AP Abere rrepedticin uranF- the derivative 2: "Syne 2 9s “hss then cu solution ucho& p C4 Z Ab) ve of ip 9) Po yz Les jeialowd eae a aa es eo ComPlete Soywtion Fr a comPiete Tutete OF ino 25) >) | Fhe sof! Obtain Rem ComPiere soil POc4, =, %.b) =o_b4 Sivint Pemticulai Vatue of Gb is comes — the Reaticutore sel or Penaicutons Trte fret of Hie 25 fecyz 2.9) 20 fa ee eae Pm ch pitect Tritehedion —methad_ ww Lam pra te 's prutiPiier method . = & ay The&®e_ Metaod | Re yo PEE_cabich Gomain Ont4 one fondiol DewectiVO!. The! Cmstunt of Tntetrction coi) be Grvvbeey fis). OF 1.0 vounicilie Ie Pf Comsteunck {>| sowe- Fe - Cas (0434) Ys exo . 9pr eoe Ne. 20m, oh Yee OS) 2 fe Csintesctrs) +P) ~~ a ie } 2 Cos (Rot 39) SS 92C | acd M Thate traction] Wha ra 3c" Kee piv} ant iy [a] = | es ns Ceoce) eee ZZ | Ve Sim: lousy) as) of 8 1G: JLd% - { = 02s (toca). \ toc fy) + 14) {yz 14 ~4 Cos C8rer54) Ay, 4 | 6S dot =4 + falas) ec + fia : Lo 4 J 9 Eva Feyy dy + Hes) dy ==] Sin (orgy) tote 44) ze t H plu) pee(2) Yy fay\, sta. AE bane 2X du \ : st Asc at) dete e——Cosac_dac. wy. et Cine) 4 Pea) at S44 at imac dt [fs dA- tus =e simac tA) 4 Joe) (3)| Sowe 92 22 subject -lo the Condition hoc we whom 226 aiz0 qd 8 2) Be wie_assume Tf 2003 <1 fun! of sc amy ten Avs! ary 25 is kel so 9) doth Tae_sof_is,_ Zs Cioehret @ Sima, whant Cah Ce Ct endian bit Ime Di hd ote Pe ; ~hom cai Cad: c.f 2 ¢ 44)Z2 Fey) cos + FC4) simre » ——) © We Fry) sine + Jy) woe S23 aoc we have, xzo, ze) f 2224 yee , Xv ; - - > >| teem = (2) 2 l= ~fty) sino + gly) cose 3 “t= 9ey) i) oO * 7 . . Bum =) =) e* 2 ft4y) cose + Qty) - sino 2» fy) | “/Z= Sime + elope A . | | (2) | soe fz coke divem thot hom 42% Qe [ Qe. Asin} amd? 2 2 4 | 22¢ ay a a4 . . r Es a a fund) oP o¢ oni thom the Auoei nu oe =cz > 0. Oc WaA)z 20 Z 2 a =a > 0 “1 Q-a) (ata)zoDie Gy wm. Se! £y Resfect\very we jot = i OF Fry) Ss e att Soe > DEC a gcy) & ce) Ee . SPCP a — a gley) ave ? 3) onl Given taut az, 22 .asiny 2 azo ay Doe | Gama C2) casind = o- foy) — a 4cy) as SimyYs Fey) — 9¢4) 204) fm-G) o: F(y)-a +a) fey) #94) ze decree sees PEEP Ee Loy) 2-404) | —S ss) eee mae) Dilferemtlatin} A) w+. “ny 2. Goss f0y)— FQ) — © Pur Poy) = -3(4) in ced CoS 42 =o84) ———) ©)Tate restiQF ty rey! _ a _ By ast : — 2 [ gcs) 4 Ain 2 EO) &@e NL os i Bes) = sini |_— Pct Spot) iach), [_ in 4s Ay) +2 )_ sin - Sty). 1 sin | ot zal Simy SC =L simny OE ez oe = sin} simhas (A)| soe 3 = Sina Sin, Aivem thot aoc 84 - az. ind len geo 4 ze0 , ulm Y is — a4 am Odd murtifie of '/o xe imac + sin 20004 (3z ax_s _[ simp In dae E Iss ) __pee ___t J} 8% = =Cosse sim ye Fey) —v)+ aN ~ 3E 223imJ 211 Kien Hyatt 92 Q =) Bom -| 1 ae. simy + £14) oy in > Simy + Pru) Loy) 2» sin} 22+ = CeSsc simy + simy —— W ay Tote ret mY 2) ue Zs + Cosx Cosy — Cos + J oc) alom Yis am odd musiPie of WV, £0 co, AO&c)y20 = COSC GSY + Cosy 5)| Save 32 + Given Hed chem Yeo, ZEeo oy p 92. 20 ts fe ~2 20 Pirie Te eis Oo Fu? of 4 ons thom tre. Aoi cus 9 isa x 2_| 20 2)The sol’ is, 22 eer As zis aul of £4 i Tums af ‘ac! ont, aoe + Role =) i ) hon Y2o, 2260 — @) : a a ~Eo = Oc) +42 Ge) . . ) \ Di fferenpioHw a) wet. Yt) we Set az. Lorred - Bexry [" oy - Gdn Yeo a= ne eo 2 Too -—% oo 2 ——23) Addin} <3) cz) _ Ce Show Toc) = Sin wor > Geshe et tsnuyn ed= [He Soe aie 2tettion fe a.Ga = RQ eae " ; xl Ke} dt) Ttuce _letongaerde’s Ariscittoumy -€51 Page He oak Lomfmafle's prwtiPiier method. doc___ dS dz (2) save tere @9s 0 fina different soiwtion’® fo cer SCiseess sO agai ME Ooo NZ) 2G 39 the sof of fpraqeR ww PCUWso a Ue Fay [= | Forman the Aline} weve} 295 ama Comid enc cee ea coc d)_—freen_eednich zis absent 2F & 38 |camce sued , cmd _inteheding it ewe get ins sof MOUN)EC, UY, take amethor Pak piece ocean Method of’ pmuttifiierr » Chosse jue suitable mouttiPiler tf mm colt Cla aac J —___| be Congtumt§ of Gunction&’ of x 4, > ston -egh 19 amo pe armp-Hen as doc. dyY . dz . Udoe toma +-mdz. Peel. P+ me +R uch that 9 P+me+nR 20 2 Ldoc+ may +ndz 20 Tye testing it we Get +ho seiution in she fra VOC.4,7) 26sucha thet “Pe awigtaRs oO alich yieddd — Ldoctudd +d 2 \ : 4 EE Tmtefaecting it cre gee the f. tay Hae fern} VOc 4.7) = G = lence tere slows. tons de Pemdmuct Sof, ComAchauc + Ha Jemonit Soh. of @9i'-cl) aa FCLv)s 0 oN ExammnofPie. 1)| soe YQ =P = | doc ds dz rel clleel a coc dz Y |=xc ae = Joe = Pojz + bof G —lofae — Dogz = Leh c, oper folz= Inf c, 2 ose at Cys MZ = tx, 4,z) dy 5 de Recon il ogy lajz +- lo} G 1 Log y= dz = bot = Seis 0) ee| Se PAM T= 3M. dv. dN. d& 2e xX oc} dx, 33 mY (ope = body + fod G fo yee q a hog [> Qo Hee bis 26F oc foe. 2) zy tasce, $e, M=-1, no doe=dl le Keadaip eats a= 4 dE occa 2 dz 2-4 = 2+ Co eo -2 +9 £ Co, a-4-2) 20| te} 2¢ = fod 4 + bot G dotpe= Do (yc) “| dope 2 fod CY 1) Loy. 2 Bec, Gs 2 A yi ducing 21, me-1, nso Ectch fection = dac—d} - 4 dz. dbe-d 4 oY = Ze 9-4 + GO “pce YZ EG =\ Ecuwieo o) £ CY 2U-Y-Z) 20(5)) M-2 p+ =2¢ = e-5 | yc Ze acy i —~\ mouleiyin) tip 25 bY x47 uo Yet cé L Oe (Yaz) Pe YO = ZGe-Y) — | — cb a = dz N72) 420) zeae) saue, Le Vor xne 4 ne Each Paction = de , a4 4 dz 2c Ny am T =z 47% 49e-4 dN az so woh = Lobes Int + Volz = Ind cy . 1 (w4z) = Dog — acyz eG __ Agar toxin} mustiPiess tet mat,nz1 co teh, — Eoch Suction = (oe ez) O dburi4adz 3A ES Ee D_ 1. doctd4 +d © — » W4NtZ 20 ~Fagen ae LEO peo 4 EF (xu, cree) CO [tyted Pe (exo Q a5cey x doc > ds diz yte Ze oct Se foc =d 4 ody -dz AtZa29 oc == doc-d = od Y-dz Pepe z2-%M = | doc=d\ dy-dz t ac-4 Rg Joey) = te (y=z) + otc, 4 LoJOc-)= fof (y-z +c.) eer eG fetal en) Great SY 2G su MN- et cs) -letenein) Lene vn 2 8 2-@ coed devd¥4+d% —>ct4 Aocrxr4tZ) = 009 (yen = te pol Ocayee) + doe Ee et (920. dod Joee sae 4 IG_pasties Leer eee rete Peet 2 Lt \ 2s bot (\ ee - g fel Lod (Fy oc ) oS te | 2 bsBegae = ie Sc = G > = _ = \oeried ae tee) ig — E(2c3 | ee hee) See = CB) | (z-4) 0 + ez) = We = ocennaaasaicked ~ dz / ao oe-% Yee v Each Prction2 dactd 4 tdZ xe HAP Phe J dhetdidz ZO J. Ce YA Z EG PU fen oms4 nz Each Gattion = od + Yd¥ prdz 2A A YY 44 UY aoc dnctYdy azz ae Ree pas le =r.Sf ECL Ww) s0 4) F Coe yee , ote ye &) —. GO| Me 24 2 oc (2-4) a dc dy. de ur soc z= VYL _ 214d 5 ay Sa ay 7 [doe = 88 9 2c ocdne 2 = YAS AS \ a + = och WO —J -@4dS+ Ydz2—- 2 d5 dj +4dz = @ydy \ oy a4z= 3 Te NI ‘09 YZ_> yee G “24 f= G8 E(uw)oo sf Oa ye-Y) 20 Non = linear PDE of -fixst ond Oy 2— | APOE ubich imvower fast cx@oar Raaiat Devedtives | 4 is = \t = onsider tho PD.E. FOCY 2 2A) 20 >c1) . Cebich wna Le tm-tmeant im PLT the BSundcumomitag idea of the POE. is to find — anche fixk+ one PDE 9 looNz, Pda )20 2.) | Chere, Eie&-C AAS Cintpitees9m Consicmb . cua] 257) C1) coum be spied Rac PL -to div P= Ple4,2,a)— C2 | 1 Chee Pie's Atcr une 29". 4 a do dz ap -—oF — ar =P egg aft ~p of ar 24 oP. Tes goo Oe = ay =y oF +92 — ay Az aa)| find veer fr pe at Put vower of @ f 4 in Tiyelbie 22) dz= Pdoce Td Poct AN = PY ot PooNZ P49) = P94 py so ——)e1) af. 2, aq oo at Taf 4p SP OT De ay Ve Chortit's Ausxcinanm 251 14 do. dN ge __ oP = —£p =f =p. -98 ferefe fyrat doc = 4 dz - df? al =waAP = YH ep ae P+O 440 =F oer) (yp) | de. J P 4 lod P= Wo + loda -| P= au 3 Cz) cowere, CO, is Aatbidreu Consort. —__| Substitretin} the vole of P Grn 099 in) Fax 444 Fa =o A Cosct4—- 964) >o 2) Ax+ — 7A 20 =) Crys Vu — =) OBS 4= a ea ; Const) wt (once) a — '-ladZ@=@QA tadz: (do +4) (aan edt) badz= Caxt4) (Cooctd) + b --ladz 2 Corry) +b (@) |= Po = Pet lee Cex h,z 20) 20 2) ZPY-P-T=0 uj O fezo G20, B= PF jp>e%-) fy 57P-4 sy ac dj. dz =o = _ cde. dg f =f = PLp-Afe, toe “Baik — a idee cats az it 1=2P —~PG-29) —V(1-zP?) ; i— —_|_ de > al4 Ot ox Pye L aS o| pos 8 Fon — from VA J iy Ss af a4 ep —— | doje = Qo a + Dof | toj p= Log iad 04a — @ AAdz s(ax) chox Cast) di} ab vec] = x = z Cokt oe cers \ yo = : (aes = ar | 4 aap = Foc M, 2.2 9)2 0 =) 3p*-Jso0 =a — Geo feo Bo tee op fy -l 7 soe 24 {Zz = dl 7 7 Te veh, = Pp-if fre Sat c| doe dN de >of sd ; =6p@ ig 6p 4 o = b ol a? |ce foc 4 Zp ie4ZPr=-7 = yep-4 £9 —_ to )Q) a fc2e, Tye zee Ge yeh fp = 2 e4z e~| doc dn dz ~ Af “ a mae ~P ip “Te Bet PA Ay tte ce dy, dt pee Exe ~2P4e ( = 2 yee | Ta gr? > : t vm $ if d3 4 “dP 2 y ! 5 -y-d-4is # ; 3) 7 = if tam yx 2 aac + elavy gary th 1 OY Ze aoc+ aly +b Nhot a | pate: "Puy, r Non — lime Poe S solved —b3—_C aP | cased! — bl [Te FcR Also L_nnecthod » fur Poa 4 Jab find bs bo) uk B bv Cembie te LaadeSuad a aa Note: Enm. <1) hak no Paaroma PCPA [me Haod a ON! Put Peg (8 A af) @d|\find P= Ou42,4) ( Ga 4 eg) CM show A( Or Cp )) C3) | Pub P 4% in ComPlede inmtetret |. dz> Pdact Ady CO | Tale pute Cy Plede Inthe, [- FLA 428 er Coperame a — LMethod ns TE alee nee ep eee ot Pen Baa ey ——@) | encte ay NG le yale 08) | fa ?P Se Graciaye theshe He ComPiete loetpat = . Or yes Paces Ad = \ Cleet gerut 's [Echt a SE shene 27) [fm_givexs 2" ido Pct Ty

cib“b Cr > bCa-1) 2. Cuno} As\ = Qoec +b +c 2 On + (| faa jt Pee ee | Put Pe[speduter AU ee cps Sey | Korma hod mo _sivthter 5 of! outa Sol Aw ee Eco) 2 ee = cise 3 Tao Y + Proud | > © [pi enemsiicatint cy) Witt. Ce! oe Yet | Te oe doe ed Oo yt Ped ae | Lao oe : ates Cu ys = Loo} nace 2 flo) = oy 2 pence | Ben cp) ee det — — ~an o — Ja-oF fea) re rrr ——C‘i‘é(Cl--«sEd«~)§/=§é=§G=s@E=L—L—LN ~_| . eee = NLL ay — Ne YO Ce E_ ==i 7 oa es L- 2 AV +4 V art rr zit) ae rgze Pdocttdy - j 5 sd zz ave vz wh “J, o3 2 22 ON Epp VE, A oe) a _ q: [TZ " eEH yee dnc Hd " NUEEH v= ; tude pecti of: exe fet I 82 2 cioct 4 th (¢ A oe) 4 Chive 2a (2) | zP4 = P+ 4 Put Pat I zaiy| 2 aq+4 _ 2. leagt= A Corr)<€ \ ee 7 ‘ \\ LAVA \ als atl = at aa ZOW Fad 2) PEt) of | TE Pe ot Za {z= PdactIds . i ee ee ee pedze (Gil) docs + (set\s5 za} ~zdze Cuti) doc + Cart) dy Cw Zz Cast) oc + fat yy +b a Wee] S. (at) (oc + Ya) +b at 2 W)) P= 4Z 7 _ on ie QZ Epos a 1. oh) oy ~~] .p2 = ~~ ce 2 Oe qa: Zz — = a=[gS uke fad wd, bejz= L (oct dt) +b a a ee aoe Tan) +5 e Gem eC PT, x 1) 20 oT P=4 25-4 Poocs -4aqe ‘| Pox Fey Pcs ade |P=% 2a oo aaa, | Pe aye 2+ V= qe v + _ = dee dane doe + cy dy esyy A (= ae yee Er. (ayy oth 7] Cfictue oct) } met] Youva I NAN Vo} Rb. iu io LQ \ Ree eee tru ielecemm or | = SY vidzs Paoe + Add dz=6cca) doc + Cya da I~ IEEE EERE HIEE el | d@> a (Cocdnc + 4d): —~|_Tniehecti are \ [ f IES Mew[dz= Pax ridt | fore Weesimad Jac [| Ctsin') dy | Je J J E Ze doc —cose +a Eos +b 2 aca) — (coc tcos) +b fem TW Cz PA, ot) 40 fF pf ROR coy] CPe4- P= 4) Cz—Poc -44)2 PY 5 “| PIZ = PAoc = PA = Pe Pee 4 PAY — 92 PA — +4 {2 PA . — 1CPa7 =P2—-4z) + CPiocee apa) + Ca Ps Pay gy PP __-s ta CP =P-9) + Be C= py P49) + | #94 (= 79 +P +9) = py\ Tz CM = Pod) — Poe ( PI=Po9) — C rae GY p49 =F tT = for —Y YC py -P-J) = Po \ 7, Pc -I4 > PY [2 Pa=P—4 al L Poo +4 — 90 PI P= 2 ab +avet- bl Ab=-a-b AWA [ po (Pace 94 = yet -| (Preay-z)>= 1 rips [PoctAy az =°_t Cpa. -z. 4S —foc 1 psy 2) Poco e Ut cpg 33 lings 4 pose P4 Cab) 3 — 777) LIL(35 ae SS Ze Poe eA +P ai Sind “Com? eke eat@heu inthwlons sol: ee 2 — jC} Tn ; : dnc s ivthulan sol! x — difPeremtiute -o) wii. a! of bh az. m4euh , Qe 2 Wrecth 3a tb ~ deed 3 cs ) sakiv} 22 Woo WH Fb O = 20t Pap “024+ 2ckb 7.90 28h apn Sh) oe 1S) “ @) 2) acs)- b a, bs J 4, ya Se 7 ie cn | Cay Ye 2k wet b | | =) = — 9c Sd ZY a nl =) 2 — 3 ——) G- to (ay) J |% & ze y oc? M +f N Settee are P (00) See Ss (- x3 couys %, : % YP Coc¥) Ghee a u : &, = Ze (xy) Ce) 45-2) fi 7 SEE 3 € \2 73 : oCpolar Co-ordinates x=rcos 0 r y=rsin @ dxdy =r drdo ential function ¢ = 2.71828 18284 ee ees, Es ety, (ery = ew Natural logarithm /nx or log.x. Exp xy) = nx + hk X\_ In(xy) = In x + in y, in (8) = x- my In (x*) = n log x glx = Logarithm of base ten logigx 7 logy X = log e Inx, a 1 nx = Tope lO8i0 % Tone = 2.30258 10!e10 = . 10x19 = 1 Sine and Cosine functions 7 sin x and cos x have period 2n. sin ( x) = — sin x and cos (— x) = cos x In calculus, angles are measured in radians. 1 = 0.01745 radian 1 radian = 57° 17' 44.80625" = 57.2957795131° sin’x + cos?x = 1 sin (A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B sin (A - B) = sin A cos B = cos A sin B cos (A + B) = cos A cos B ~ sin A sin B cos (A — B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A, cos 2A = cos*A ~ sin?A vo §-3)- 6-9 wal +3)-m-) sin ( — x) = sin x, cos (gt - x) = ~ cos x..(9) cos’x = $ (1 + cos 2x), sin’x = 3 (1 = cos2x) 2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A - B) 2 cos A sin B = sin (A + B) ~ sin (A B) 2 cos A cos B= cos (A + B) + cos (A ~ B) 2 sin A sin B = — cos (A + B) + cos (A~ B) . (C+D (=) sin C + sin D = 2 sin[ 3) 8 (2Bin C — sin D =.2 coy £08 D ~ cos © = 2 sin (2 Tangent, Cotangent, Secant, Cosee ant \ MX, x 1 cx=— fens Tee OA = S08, oe x = LL coe x = a - B tan (A + B) = 1A + tanB tan A = tan B_ ; (A+B) T=tanAtnb? (4-8) = Tana an B Circular and Hyperbolic functions eX = cos x +i sin x, e = cos x - i sin x eX ie sing = =e 2 Fe 08 x sinbs = 3 ( ~ ©), cos hx Fetes tanh = SIDI oop jy = S08 bx cos hi coshx + sin hx = e¥, cos hx — sin hx = e* cosh?x ~ sin h?x = | sinkx = (cos hx ~ 1), e0s x = 4 (cos hax + 1) sinh(x + y) = sin hx cos hy + cos hx sin hy cosh(x + y) = cos hx cos hy + sin hx sin hy tan hx + tan hy tanh(x © y) = 7 tan hx tan hy CALCULUS Limits lim cos x = 1 lim, Bax = lim 1 « : x x x30 x xo 1 1 1 lim, (1 1); =e im rae, xe Ute xo (1 +x) Differentiation 2 © (eu) = ¢ 8 ( constant) L ae & eo d du Vv ayy ay yy wv 3 4 Mav a thE 6. 5. 8. 1 10. 9. 12, tn 4 = = cosec? B. dx 0 X =~ cosee? xpends aot aa 15. seo x = see x tan x 16. cosce x = ~ cases x cot x 17. & sin hx = cos hx ia pp. & sint x 20. 1 1 2 tar! x= 3 22. 1 sec! x = 2. KWo 24. dy du 3 . ZZ. Chain rule) Integration oo x 1 fea&= 2 tem@e-1 2 fhav=mix|te a 3 Judx= ggg te 4 fedx=ere 5, [sin x dx=—cosxte 6. J cos x dx = sinx +e 7, [sec dx = tnx te 8. | cosec? x dx =~ cot x +e 9, J sec x tan x dx = seox +e 10. J cosee x cot x dx =~ cosec x +e ui. J tan x dx = log | sec x | +e 12. [cot x dx = log | sin x | +e 13, J see x dx = log tan («@ + x), c 14. J cosee x dx = log tan $ +e = log (sec x + tan x) +e log (cosec x - cot x) + ¢ 15, J sin hx dx = cos bx + ¢ 16. J cos hx dx = sin bx + € dx. dart ¥4 ix 1 [yy =a Eee 18. sit E46 a1 vw. f 20, dk = £ toe | FFa| te uf 22, = tog [x + yf? 2) | +e 2 2. fa? +a? d= EVP o a +E tog |x fee] | +e uw [Yee oa? dx = Sf? = © tog [x + ye = Al +e 7 @ int 2 _ ff du ia 28, fro de Sahat + Fin Ree 26 Juv dx=u J vax # Jax] e 27. Je [fts) + F'G0)] dx = & ffx) +e 28, J ex sin bx dx = (a sin bx — b cos bx) + ¢ b = == sin (bx - 0) $e, = tat va? +b? 29, Jie cos bx dx = GAT GE (@ cos bx + B sin bx) + : = FS 0s (bx - 0) FG = tat | va? +b? » 30. fix) dx = [ro]? = Fe) - Fe)Mathematics. Ad ‘ ni Ta ax =~ 100 de 7 Sis ax = Jiro at Sa Jno aes i 4 " _ x)dx 3. Sryax= 34. Joya = Jee x 5 fix) dx + J qx) dx 38. J as) de = 2 J ix) dx, if x) is even function " =0,° if is od fanetion, a7. J me ox= J 2a - x) dx a aes PROGRESSION AND SERIES 2 a b-x) dx 36, Ja a= [ny a+ Jae : 3 1. Arithmetic Prgression Qatdat 24.7, = a+ (n— Id, $= 5 Pat @- Dad 2. Geometric Progression 8 ar, ar, .., arm, ., T, = a1, 3 142434 ¢nem= BOF Gi) Pameng spare = 2O+DGntD 6 2 Gi) P+ BeBe += aos = [20D] 1 Volume of the sphere = due Surface area of the Sphere 4m? 2 Volume of the eylinder = xh Surface area of the cylinder = 2nrh 3. Volume of the right eieular cone = 4 m2h Surface area of the right circular cone = rr Jy? yy? 2 2 x’ y 4. S+4-1 a bP Area of the ellipse xy . ; 2 For the ellipse <> + jy = 1, b= a (12) 6. For the hyperbola = 7 General equation of the ax + by to = mab (i) Straight line : (ii) Plane bax tby bez td =0 (iii) Circle rt y? + 2ex + fy +e=0 Centre »Cs8- Radius vette (iv) Sphere xt t y+ 2+ 2ux + vy + wet d= 9 Centre Gus %=w) Radius: Yu? +v? tw? -d