Learner Readiness

Maslow’s Hierarchy
&
Piaget’s Cognitive Stages

1 2

Dale’s Cone of Experience

After 2 weeks Nature of

Instructional Relationships we tend to remember... Involvement
10% of what we read Reading
Verbal Receiving
20% of what we hear Hearing Words
STUDENT OUTCOMES
30% of what we see Looking at Pictures

Watching a Movie
Passive
Looking at an Exhibit Visual Receiving
50% of what we
hear and see Watching a Demonstration
Lesson Cycle Seeing It Done on Location
Teaching Style
Participating in a Discussion Receiving/
70% of what
Participating
we say
Giving a Talk Active
90% of Doing a Dramatic Presentation
Doing
what we
Learning Style Learning Environment say and Simulating the Real Experience
do Doing the Real Thing
3 4
Edgar Dale, Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching (3rd Edn.), Holt, Rinehart, and Winston (1969).

Learning Style Defined So What is a Learning Style?

Learning Style - Preferred way a student processes
– “the composite of characteristics information.
cognitive, affective, and
physiological factors that serve as Refers to individual differences in how
relatively stable indicators of how we perceive, think, solve problems,
a learner perceives, interacts with, learn, and relate to others (Witkin,
and responds to the learning Moore, Goodenough, and Cox 1977)
environment” (Keefe, 1979)

5 6

1
 Who’s Got the Right Style? First Things First
INFORMAL Dunn & Dunn A number of things must be considered
Felder & Soloman Kolb - Experiential before a student’s learning style can be
Sensory Approach Grasha
Belenky
an effective tool:
Keirsey - Personality
Gardner - Multiple – Students’ and Teacher’s Personality
Baxter Magolda Intelligences
Gregoric Mind Styles
– Students’ and Teacher’s Brain Dominance
Myers-Briggs Type
Witkin Indicator – Students’ and Teacher’s Learning Style
Perry Model Group Embedded Figures – Students’ and Teacher’s Intelligences
Test - GEFT

7 8

Personality Profile
There are no “right” or “wrong” or “good or “bad”
Understanding Yourself and answers!

Others Personality Profile

If you score 9 or 10 or above, you are strong or
high in that personality color.
by: Anita Reed If you score 3, 2, or 1, you do not usually exhibit
those personality characteristics
If you score a split such as 7-7-7-8, you have a
wonderful combination or could be termed “wishy-
washy”.

9 10

Personality Categories RED Characteristics

Descriptive Word: action
People
Key Words: direct, frank, blunt,
Red Yellow
determined, want to win, goal-
oriented, high energy
Jobs: work-a-holics, CEO, bottom-line
Green Blue
Swing Set: Beat it to fit!
Task Relationship: I married you didn’t I
Activities: skiing, golf, sports cars
11 12

2
YELLOW Characteristics GREEN Characteristics
Descriptive Word: friendly Descriptive Word: organized
Key Words: social, optimist, talk to
anyone, happy, helper
Key Words: control, detail, precise,
Jobs: PR, sales people, Wal-Mart conservative, do it right
greeter Jobs: IRS, accountants, maids,
Swing Set: Let’s have a party! Swing Set: Follow the instructions
Relationship: extravagant
Activities: team sports, vans, group
Relationships: structured
activities Activities: score keepers, practical
13
cars, thrifty vacations 14

BLUE Characteristics
Descriptive Word: misunderstood
Key Words: sensitive, creative, artistic, How do we use
affectionate
Jobs: plumbers, artists, musicians personalities as
Swing Set: creative twist
Relationship: romantic, long walks,
agricultural science
very loyal
Activities: non-conflict, bird watching,
teachers?
pick-up or jeep
15 16

Characteristics of Left
Work alone Does not mind
Brain Dominance Attributes Step by step criticism
Details Likes to organize
Left vs Right One task at time assignments
Independent Likes individual
Prefers options competition
Not easily distracted Analyze problems-
then make decision

17 18

3
 What they like to ask? Characteristics of Right
Does spelling count? Read overall idea, Hard to take
Should I skip lines? skip details criticism
What are you really looking for? Need to understand Working with others
Write whole essay Likes reward or
What comes first?
before the outline verbal praise
Please check my work before I hand it Let someone else Often answers “It
in. go first depends”
Will this be on the test? Team competition Work on different
things at same time
19 20

What they like to ask?

Why are we doing this?
Not now! I’ll do it later
Multiple Intelligences
I need a break
What constitutes an intelligent
Don’t touch things piled on my desk, I person? What people are considered
know where everything is. to be the most intelligent?
Let’s work on two projects
Why can’t I skip around in the book?
21 22

Multiple Intelligences
“we are not all the same, we do not Based on Gardner’s theory (1983)
all have the same kinds of minds, Based on notion that intelligence, based on
IQ testing, is far too limited
and education works most effectively
Proposes eight different intelligences to
for most individuals if…human account for a broader range of human
differences are taken seriously” potential
(Gardner, 1995, p. 208)
Theory suggests multiple ways the content
may be taught to facilitate learning

23 24

4
 Eight Ways of Knowing!
Multiple Intelligences Applied Logical-Mathematical
Intelligence
("number smart" or "logic smart")

Uses numbers, math, and

logic to find and
understand various Tend to think more conceptually
patterns and abstractly and often see
Begin with concrete patterns and relationships that
patterns in the real world, others miss.
but gets increasingly Like to conduct experiments, to
abstract as try to solve puzzles and other problems
understand the Enjoy working with numbers and
relationships among math formulas
patterns Love the challenge of a complex
problem to solve

25 26

Visual-Spatial Bodily-Kinesthetic
Intelligences Intelligence
("art smart" or "picture smart") ("body smart" or "movement smart")

Represents the knowing that Learning by doing

occurs through shapes, Very aware of objects, shapes, Knowing happens Tend to have a keen sense
images, patterns, and colors, and patterns of body awareness
designs we see through physical
Like to draw, paint, and make movement and through Like physical movement,
Also includes the images we interesting designs and
are able to conjure in our patterns the knowing of our making things with hands,
heads Love to work jigsaw puzzles, physical body role playing
Tend to think in images and read maps, and find their way Like physical games
pictures around new places Like to demonstrate how to
do something
Find it difficult to sit still for
long periods of time
27 28

Musical-Rhythmic Naturalist
Intelligence Intelligence
("nature smart" or
("music smart" or "sound smart")
"environment smart")

Knowing what occurs in and

Knowing that through our encounters with
Very sensitive to sounds the natural world Have a profound love for the
happens through in the environment Involves species discernment, outdoors, animals, and plants
sound and vibration communion with the natural Fascinated by and noticeably
Study and work better world, and ability to recognize affected by weather, changing
Deals with the whole with music in the and classify various fauna leaves, sound of the wind, warm
realm of sound, background sun, or an insect in the room
tones, beats, and Skilled at mimicking Have an affinity with respect for
sounds, language all living beings
vibrational patterns
accents, and speech
patterns

29 30

5
 Interpersonal Intrapersonal
Intelligence Intelligence
("people smart" or "group smart") ("self smart" or
"introspection smart")

The person-to-person Self-reflective abilities

way of knowing Introspective intelligence Like to work alone
Learn through Self-reflective and self-
Knowing what Want to know the
personal interactions meaning, purpose, and aware
happens when we In tune with inner feelings
Have lots of friends significance of things
work with and relate to Bear creative wisdom
Love team activities Involves awareness of
people the inner world Strong willed, self-
Develops a whole “Pull your own weight” confident, and have well-
Sensitive to people’s thought out opinions on
range of social skills almost any issue
feelings and ideas
31 32

Verbal-Linguistic
Intelligence
("word smart" or "book smart")

Knowing that which

comes through the Have highly developed skills for
Learning Styles
language reading, speaking, and writing
Understands the order Like various kinds of literature,
The Receptive, Processing &
and meaning of words playing word games, debating,
and creative writing Expressive Approach
Love learning new words
Comprehension of anything
read is high

33 34

Receptive Learning Styles Processing Learning Style

What is your preferred method of Once information is received, how does the
receiving information? learner process it?
– Random
– Auditory
– Visual
– Kinesthetic – Sequential

– Random/Seqential
35 36

6
 Expressive Learning Style Multiple Methods & Brain Physiology

One a learner receives and processes The basics of

information, how is it expressed? Neurophysiology:
– Movement – Neurons
– Creativity – Axons
– Writing – Dendrites
– Thinking – Synaptic Gaps
– Speaking – Milan (“Mo Milan = Mo Better”)

37 38

39