Republic of the Philippines
Province of Cotabato
Municipality of Makilala
MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Conception, Makilala North Cotabato
CRIMINOLOGY DEPARTMENT
TECHNICAL ENGLISH 2 (LEGAL FORMS) CDI-8
Course Number: CDI 8 Instructor: SHELLA MAE G. BEDUYA, RCrim
Course Title : Technical English 2(Legal Forms) Mobile Number : 09919549835
Credits Unit : 3 Units Email Address : [email protected]
I. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
1. recognize what is Police Report; and
2. identify the elements of crime.
II. TOPIC/SUBJECT MATTER
1. Definition of Police Report
2. Criteria in Report Writing
3. Two types of Police Report
4. Elements of Crime
III. REFERENCE
Philippines Copyright, 2021 by: Wiseman’s Books Trading, Inc. and CSupt Mercedes A. Foronda,(Ret) DPA, PhD
IV. COURSE CONTENT
The legal form a firm chooses to operate under is an important decision with implications for how a firm structures its resources and assets.
In criminal law, search means examination of a person’s body, property or other area which the person would reasonably be expected to consider as private by a law
enforcement officer for finding evidence of a crime. Ordinarily a search cannot be conducted without probable cause as the Fourth amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures.
A search can occur under varied circumstances. For example Border search (search conducted at the boarder of a country especially check points for excluding illegal aliens and
contraband); Emergency search (A search conducted by a police officer without warrant as s/he believes it necessary to life or property or has some probable cause and has no time to obtain
a warrant); Private search (a search conducted by a private person rather than a law enforcement officer); Title search (records search performed in connection with real property to uncover
information).
Lesson: HOW DO YOU DEFINED A POLICE REPORT?
1. Police Report is any written matter prepared by the Police involving their inter action with the community.
2. Police Report is an exact narration of facts discover during the course of crime investigation.
3. Police Report is a permanent written record of police activities.
WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF POLICE REPORTS?
1. Written report to serve as the raw materials from which records system are made.
2. Written report to reveal as part of the component of the record system.
3. Written report to guide police administration for policy formulation and decision making.
4. Written report to serve as a gauge/yardstick for efficiency evaluation of police officers.
5. Written report to guide prosecutor and courts in the trial of criminal cases investigated by the police.
What is Police Report?
According to Dr. Oscar Soriano, report is basically a story of actions performed by man. A police report is a chronological or step-by-step account of an accident that transpired
in a given time, at a given place.
WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA TO BE CONSIDERED ON REPORT WRITING?
1. Clarity
2. Accuracy
3. Brevity
4. Specificity
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5. Completeness
6. Timeliness
7. Security
8. Impartiality
According to the book of Dr. Oscar Soriano, one of the most basic considerations of report writing is the language used. Direct-to-the-point words are essential to good police report writing.
Use a specific words also contributes to factual police reports. Every complete sentence must have at least one subject and one predicate. Diction refers to the manner and style of expression
in words.
1. Clarity – The police report must be clear and it should be written directly and easy to understand.
2. Accuracy- The police report must conform with the established rules of syntax, format, spelling and grammar. The data presented must be precise and the information given
must be factual.
3. Brevity- The police report must be short, with simple sentences, common words and easy to understand.
4. Specificity- The police report must be specific by using concrete examples. A good descriptive narration gives life to the written words through particular terms that project
hues, movements, quantities and shapes.
5. Completeness- The police report must be complete by using the 5W’s and 1H.
6. Timeliness- The police report must be submitted on time. As much as possible immediately after incident has happened.
7. Security- The police report must considered classified, hence, transmission, handling, and access to these reports should be limited only to police personnel who are granted by
higher authority security clearance. It is a top secret documents.
8. Impartially- The police report must know what the receiving office needs to know, Important data must not be omitted or added to conceal responsibilities, to impute liabilities
or to favor parties.
WHAT ARE THE TWO (2) TYPES OF POLICE REPORT
1. Informal Report usually is a letter or memorandum or any one of many prescribed or used in day-by-day police operations. It customarily carries three items besides the text
proper; date submitted, subject, and persons or person to whom submitted. It may, however, contain many items of administrative importance along with the subject matter of
the text. Actually, most police reports may be placed in this category.
2. Formal Report suggest a full-dress treatment, including cover, title page, letter of transmittal, summary sheet, text, appendixes, and perhaps and index and bibliography.
HOW ARE POLICE REPORTS CATEGORIZED?
a. Operational Reports include those relating to the reporting of police incidents, investigation, arrests, identification of persons, and a mass of miscellaneous reports necessary to
the conduct of routine police operations.
b. Internal Business Reports relate to the reporting necessary to the management of the agency and include financial reports, personnel reports, purchase reports, equipment re -
ports, property maintenance reports, and general correspondence.
c. Technical Reports presents data on any specialized subject, but usually relate to completed staff work and add to the specific knowledge necessary to proper functioning of po -
lice management.
d. Summary Reports furnish intelligence information necessary to the solution of crime accident, and police administrative problems.
WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS FOR A CIME TO HAPPEN?
“For any crime to happen, there are three (3) elements of ingredients that must be present at the same time and place. These are the MOTIVES, the INSTRUMENTALITIES and the
OPPORTUNITIES. The motives are the reasons or causes why a person or groups of persons perpetuate a crime.
The Instrumentalities are the means or instruments used in the commission of the crime. It could be firearm,a bolo, a fan knife, an icepick, poison or obnoxious substanc, a
crow bar, a battery-operated hand drill for carnapping, motor vehicle, etc. Both the Motives and instrumentalities belong to and are harbored and wielded respectively by the criminal.
The opportunities consist of the acts pf omission and/or commission by a person (the victim) which enable another person or group of persons (the criminal/s) to perpetrate the
crime. Illustrative examples include leaving one’s home or car unattended for a long time, area, readily admitting a stranger into one’s residence and the like. Opportuniy is synonymous with
carelessness, acts of indicscretion and lack of crime prevention-consciousness on the part of the victim.
The motives a reason for doing something, especially one thatis hidden or not obvious. “a motive for his murder”
Whether the crime incident would happen or not, it will depend on the presence and merging of MOTIVES, INSTRUMENTALITIES and OPPORTUNITIES at the same time and the same
place. The absence of any one ingredient, out of the three, will mean that there shall be no crime. The most that could happen is an accident arising out of reckless imprudence; since there
is no motive. A freak crime incident shall occur when all the three elements are present and merged at the same time and the same place; but the victim is not the intended one, due to
mistaken identity.
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