Focus on ESP

EXPLORE
TRAVEL & TOURISM

PROVE D’ESAME
EXPLORE Acknowledgements
Prove D’Esame Photo acknowledgement
Shutterstock; ELI Archives
Editorial coordination: Simona Franzoni
Editorial project: Sabina Cedraro Article acknowledgement
Editorial dept: Simona Pisauri, Linda Pergolini p. 36 An Ode to the Tourist Information Centre by Mark Rowe
Art Director: Marco Mercatali © Telegraph Media Group Limited 2017; p. 38 Automated
Page design: Sara Blasigh Holidays: How AI Is Affecting the Travel Industry by Senay Boztas
Picture editor: Airone Comunicazione – Giorgia D’Angelo © Guardian News & Media Ltd 2018; p. 40 Cruise Holidays: Who Is
Page layout: Airone Comunicazione Leading the Fleet for Sustainable Sea Travel? by Sarah Shearman
Production Manager: Francesco Capitano © Guardian News & Media Ltd 2018; p. 42 Millennial Railcards Are
Good, but Rational Train Fares Would Be Better by Simon Calder
Cover © Independent Digital News & Media 2017; p. 48 Call of the Wild:
Cover design: Paola Lorenzetti Can America’s National Parks Survive? by Lucy Rock © Guardian
Photos: Shutterstock News & Media Ltd 2018.

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www.elilaspigaedizioni.it

A special ‘thank you’ to Prof.ssa Carla Marmorale and

Prof.ssa Olga Sabelli for their precious contribution.

The Publisher and Author would also like to thank

Sonia Beccacece (Agenzia Yucatan Viaggi & Turismo, Recanati)
who commented on the material at different stages of its
development.

A special ‘thank you’ to Martina Moretti and Arianna Cristallini for

sharing with us their experiences of Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro.

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Contents
TOWARDS INVALSI
Level B1: Reading Comprehension p. 4
Level B2: Reading Comprehension p. 8
Level B1: Language in Use p. 14
Level B2: Language in Use p. 16
Level B1: Listening p. 20
Level B2: Listening p. 22

EXAM PRACTICE
Presentation p. 26
Test 1 p. 28
Test 2 p. 30
Test 3 p. 32
Test 4 p. 34
Test 5 p. 36
Test 6 p. 38
Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro p. 40

FIRST (FCE) PRACTICE

Presentation p. 44
Practical tips p. 46
First (FCE) Practice Test p. 52

TOURISM PHRASEOLOGY
Writing an email or letter p. 74
Writing promotional texts/adverts p. 74
Writing circular letters and newsletters p. 74
Presenting a company p. 75
Describing a destination p. 75
Presenting accommodation p. 76
Enquiries and replies p. 76
Bookings and confirmations p. 78
Complaints and replies p. 80
Itineraries p. 80

APPENDIX
Phrasal verbs p. 84
Verbs + to and -ing p. 85
Irregular verbs p. 86

1 Traccia audio in MP3 scaricabile dal sito www.elilaspigaedizioni.it/Explore

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Level B1: Reading Comprehension 1

Look at the text in each question. What does it say? Mark the correct answer (A, B or C).

A You must not lean out of the window.

NEVER LEAN B Remember to lean out of the window.

C Do not look out of the window.

OUT OF THE WINDOW

1 A The meeting will start later than originally

Hi Sarah, we’re meeting on Saturday
planned.
morning at 11 a.m. and not 10.30 a.m.
as I said, is that OK with you? B Becky will be late for the meeting.
Becky C The meeting will last for 30 minutes.

WAIT FOR 2 A Put the money into the machine to see the

THE MACHINE amount.

B Put the money into the machine and look at
TO SHOW AMOUNT the amount at the same time.
C Put the money into the machine after you see
TO PAY BEFORE the amount.
PUTTING MONEY IN

3 A You must eat this food on 24th June.

DO NOT USE AFTER B You can eat this food before 24th June but not
THE SELL-BY DATE – 24/06/18 after.
C You mustn’t eat this food before 24th June.

We have some lost property

in the office. If anyone has 4 People who have lost things…
lost anything, they should A must go and get them on Saturday or Sunday.
come and ask before the B must go and get them after Sunday.
weekend. C must go and get them before Friday evening.

Sally,
5 Jill wants Sally to…
did you take my brother A wear Dave’s hat until Saturday.
Dave’s hat by mistake? B return Dave’s hat before Saturday.
He must have it before C take Dave’s hat.
Saturday!
Jill

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Level B1: Reading Comprehension 2

These people are all thinking of booking a holiday. Below there are six holiday advertisements.
Decide which holiday would be the most suitable for each person.

1 Masumi loves 3 Alfonso studies

adventure and history at university
doing new things. and loves to discover
She enjoys the new places and their
company of people past. He likes to
but gets easily have company in the
bored if she doesn’t evenings as long as
have an organised the people share his
daily plan. interests.

2 Jake is a retired 4 Mel hasn’t got a job

doctor who enjoys at the moment so her
hillwalking and budget is restricited.
reading. He is She is good at
interested in wildlife adapting to all sorts
and botany. He has of conditions and
a busy life at home likes simple things.
and so he enjoys the She likes the outdoors and enjoys seeing
peace and quiet of different places. She wants to travel with
being alone on holiday. her best friend Gillian.

A CLUB RED D INTERNATIONAL STUDY HOLIDAYS

Club Red offers one-week all-inclusive Study a language with us in prestigious foreign
trips to the Red Sea. Our residences welcome colleges! Five hours of class and two hours of
anyone who is over 18 and under 35, and we personal tuition per day, one trip to a nearby city.
guarantee seven days of fun and entertainment! All meals included in the price.

B HOME EXCHANGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL TOURS

E
Swap a home, and see what life is like immersing
Archaeological Tours announces a new
yourself in another culture. We put families in
destination: Jordan and its fabulous ancient
touch with each other and help them to exchange
sites. We will take you on a fascinating tour of
lives for two weeks. Try out the supermarket in
the past.
another country, discover where to eat out, go
to the cinema, buy a book. We can provide a
cleaning service for a small extra fee.
F INTO THE WILD
EXTREME VACATIONS Visit the Lake District and enjoy its peace and
C beauty. Book a B&B and spend the day listening
Group adventure holidays! That’s Extreme to the wonderful silence of the hills. Our nature
Vacations! We form a group of people we think centres will help you find the best places to
will get on well, and we send you on the holiday observe the animals that live in the area and
of a lifetime. Mongolia, Borneo, Patagonia are just identify the wild flowers you see.
a few of our destinations. Our days are carefully
planned so that you are always doing something
interesting with your new friends.

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Level B1: Reading Comprehension 3

Read the text and decide if the sentences below are true (T) or false (F).

BBC – The British Broadcasting Company

People have always been interested in events agree it is also free from political influence. Its research
happening in their own country and around the world. department has contributed a great deal to the
The only source of news was the newspaper in the development of broadcasting and recording techniques.
past. From the 1920s on, people could listen to news In the early days it also did important research into
reports on the radio. Later, television added moving acoustics and noise measurement. BBC News is now
images to those reports. Today, with cable and digital the largest operation in the world for gathering and
TV and the Internet, it is very easy to keep up-to-date broadcasting news and it produces almost 160 hours of
and news broadcasts show important events from news every hour. It provides its services to BBC
around the world in real time. However, whether you domestic radio as well as television networks like BBC
choose television, a newspaper or the Internet for your News 24, BBC World and BBC Online. Popular new
news, it is important that the information is unbiased. BBC News services include mobile services to cell
In Great Britain, the most trusted source of neutral phones, desktop news alerts, email alerts and digital
information has always been the British Broadcasting TV alerts. The BBC has five major national stations. It
Company – the BBC. Founded in 1922, it has been on also produces the BBC World Service. This major
air ever since, apart from a break during World War II. source of news and information broadcasts in 43
The BBC is one of the most respected broadcasters in different languages on shortwave radio to many places
the world. There are no adverts on BBC channels, so it across the globe. In some areas it is the only available
is free from commercial influence. Most British people free source of news.

T F
1 Today people can watch live events on a computer.
2 The BBC broadcast interesting television news reports about the Second World War.
3 There is no commercial publicity on BBC channels.
4 Few people in Britain think the BBC is neutral.
5 The BBC has made a small contribution to the development of broadcasting techniques.
6 You can only listen to the BBC in the UK.

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Level B1: Reading Comprehension 4

Read the text and choose the correct option (A, B, C or D).

Genius: What Is It?

Scientists have collected a lot of evidence for a special
gene in the brain which, they say, influences
intelligence.

One way to measure intelligence is to ask people to

complete puzzles using pictures, words and numbers.
A simple example might be pictures in the wrong order
which the person taking the test has to put into an
order that tells a story.

Intelligence was one of the first things that attracted

the attention of scientists who were interested in the
connection between genes and the ‘toodlepop’. Some
studies of adopted children, for example, showed that
when children grow up away from their biological
parents, their intelligence is more closely connected to
their biological parents, whose genes they share, than
with their new parents, whose ‘toodlepop’ they share.
This may mean that genes are more important than
‘toodlepop’ (e.g. school, friends etc.) in influencing the
way we think.

Perhaps 100 genes or more influence intelligence. To conclude: you may be born a genius or your training
Intelligence is the result of all of these genes and and opportunities in life may make you a genius, but
environmental influences: your home, the way you all geniuses seem to work harder than ordinary people.
grew up, your education, and so on. So, if you want to be a genius, keep working!

1 The writer’s main purpose in this text is… 3 Who has most influence on children who
A to explain the word ‘genius’. grow up away from their biological parents?
B to help pupils become geniuses. A school
C to discuss the origin of genius. B biological parents
D to give examples of geniuses. C friends
D their new parents
2 Scientists say they have found a gene
that… 4 If you want to be a genius…
A solves puzzles. A get a good education.
B explains our intellectual ability. B use your opportunities.
C explains our physical ability. C don’t be lazy.
D explains personality. D have good friends.

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Level B2: Reading Comprehension 1

Read the extract from a famous novel and choose the correct option (A, B, C or D).

One morning, about ten days after Mrs Churchill’s Good Heavens! What can be to be broke to me, that
decease, Emma was called downstairs to Mr Weston, does not relate to one of that family?’
who could not stay five minutes, and wanted particularly ‘Upon my honour,’ said he very seriously, ‘it does not. It
to speak with her. He met her at the parlour-door, and is not in the smallest degree connected with any human
hardly asking her how she did, in the natural key of his being of the name of Knightley.’
voice, sunk it immediately, to say, unheard by her father: Emma’s courage returned, and she walked on.
‘Can you come to Randalls at any time this morning? ‘I was wrong,’ he continued, ‘in talking of its being broke
Do, if it be possible. Mrs Weston wants to see you. She to you. I should not have used the expression. In fact, it
must see you.’ does not concern you – it concerns only myself, that is,
‘Is she unwell?’ we hope. Humph! In short, my dear Emma, there is no
‘No, no, not at all – only a little agitated. She would have occasion to be so uneasy about it. I don’t say that it is
ordered the carriage, and come to you, but she must not a disagreeable business – but things might be much
see you alone, and that you know,’ nodding towards her worse. If we walk fast, we shall soon be at Randalls.’
father, ‘Humph! – Can you come?’ Emma found that she must wait; and now it required little
‘Certainly. This moment, if you please. It is impossible to effort. She asked no more questions therefore, merely
refuse what you ask in such a way. But what can be the employed her own fancy, and that soon pointed out to
matter? Is she really not ill?’ her the probability of its being some money concern,
‘Depend upon me – but ask no more questions. You will something just come to light, of a disagreeable nature
know it all in time. The most unaccountable business! in the circumstances of the family, something which the
But hush, hush!’ late event at Richmond had brought forward. Her fancy
To guess what all this meant, was impossible even for was very active. Half a dozen natural children, perhaps
Emma. Something really important seemed announced – and poor Frank cut off! This, though very undesirable,
by his looks; but, as her friend was well, she endeavoured would be no matter of agony to her. It inspired little
not to be uneasy, and settling it with her father, that she more than an animating curiosity.
would take her walk now, she and Mr Weston were soon ‘Who is that gentleman on horseback?’ said she, as they
out of the house together and on their way at a quick proceeded speaking more to assist Mr Weston in keeping
pace for Randalls. his secret, than with any other view.
‘Now,’ said Emma, when they were fairly beyond the ‘I do not know. One of the Otways. Not Frank; it is not
sweep gates, ‘now Mr Weston, do let me know what has Frank, I assure you. You will not see him. He is half way
happened.’ to Windsor by this time.’
‘No, no,’ he gravely replied. ‘Don’t ask me. I promised ‘Has your son been with you, then?’
my wife to leave it all to her. She will break it to you ‘Oh! yes – did not you know? Well, well, never mind.’
better than I can. Do not be impatient, Emma; it will all For a moment he was silent; and then added, in a tone
come out too soon.’ much more guarded and demure:
‘Break it to me,’ cried Emma, standing still with terror. ‘Yes, Frank came over this morning, just to ask us how
‘Good God! Mr Weston, tell me at once. Something has we did.’
happened in Brunswick Square. I know it has. Tell me, I They hurried on, and were speedily at Randalls. ‘Well,
charge you tell me this moment what it is.’ my dear,’ said he, as they entered the room, ‘I have
‘No, indeed you are mistaken.’ brought her, and now I hope you will soon be better. I
‘Mr Weston do not trifle with me. Consider how many shall leave you together. There is no use in delay. I shall
of my dearest friends are now in Brunswick Square. not be far off, if you want me.’ And Emma distinctly
Which of them is it? I charge you by all that is sacred, heard him add, in a lower tone, before he quitted the
not to attempt concealment.’ room, ‘I have been as good as my word. She has not the
‘Upon my word, Emma.’ least idea.’
‘Your word! Why not your honour! Why not say upon
your honour, that it has nothing to do with any of them? Emma by Jane Austen (1775-1817)

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 RE ADI NG COMP RE HE NSION

1 When Mr Western first spoke to

Emma…
A he whispered.
B he coughed.
C he murmured.
D he stuttered.

2 Despite Emma’s insistence, Mr Western

refuses to…
A mind his own business.
B accompany Emma in the carriage.
C take Emma’s father with them.
D tell her what the matter is.

3 When Mr Western says his wife will break

the news to her, Emma is…
A annoyed.
B relieved.
C alarmed.
D amused.

4 How does Mr Western manage to calm

Emma down?
A By taking her back to the house
in Brunswick Square.
B By explaining that he isn’t directly
involved.
C By giving her his word that no harm
has come to anyone.
D By promising to tell her as soon as they arrive at Randalls.

5 Emma walks on in silence and comes to the conclusion that…

A Mr Western has disinherited his son.
B Mr Western must have fallen out with someone.
C Mrs Western is expecting a baby.
D the family must be having financial problems.

6 Emma enquires after the man on horseback…

A to distract herself.
B out of curiosity.
C to take Mr Western’s mind off the matter.
D because she thought she recognized him.

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Level B2: Reading Comprehension 2

Read the article about the discovery of DNA. Six sentences have been removed from the article.
Choose from the sentences A-G the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence which you
do not need to use.

Crick and Watson and the Discovery of DNA

In 1953, Francis Crick walked into a pub in What is DNA?
Cambridge, England and told everyone that DNA is the chemical substance which
he and his colleague, Watson, had found ‘the chromosomes and genes are made up of.
secret of life’. 1 DNA has a structure which looks like a
twisting ladder and is made up of pairs of four
The ‘Double Helix’ ‘building blocks’, called adenine (A), thymine
In 1951, Francis Crick was working at the (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). 4
Cavendish Laboratory in the physics
department of the University of Cambridge. What is the importance of this discovery
He was joined there by an American scientist, today?
James Dewey Watson. They had similar Forensic scientists working on a crime use a
scientific interests and started working on process called DNA profiling. They use human
the project to uncover the structure of DNA, samples taken from the place where a crime
or deoxyribonucleic acid. 2 From has happened and look at the pattern of pairs
this new knowledge they then worked out A, T, G and C from the DNA. Each of us has
that DNA was the main way that inherited a unique pattern, and this means that it is a
information was passed from parent to very reliable way of proving who the criminal
offspring in all animals and plants – this was is. 5 This information can be used to
the true ‘secret of life’. match a sample, and hopefully a crime can
be solved.
The Nobel Prize
It was one of the most significant and Another important, and sometimes
important scientific breakthroughs of the controversial, use of DNA (or rather rDNA
last century. The men who first described which is artificial, or man-made, DNA) is in
it, and Maurice Wilkins from the University the areas of biology and biochemistry to
of London, were awarded the Nobel Prize produce genetically modified organisms
for Physiology or Medicine in 1962. There (GMO). 6
are many people who say that these three
men would not have been able to make
their discovery without the work of Rosalind
Franklin also of London University. 3
However, she died in 1958 and Nobel Prizes
are not given posthumously.

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 RE ADI NG COMP RE HE NSION

A She had developed sophisticated E DNA can make copies of itself,

X-ray imaging techniques to ‘photograph’ a process called self-replication.
DNA.

F DNA-based technology can also be used

B In the UK there is a growing national in anthropology to discover your distant
collection of DNA profiles taken from ancestors and how population groups are
thousands of people. related across the planet.

C That dramatic statement must have had G Using a combination of new mathematical
quite an effect on the pub’s customers theories, the latest
that day, and what’s more, it was true, and X-ray imaging techniques and some
it was going to completely change the way blinding inspiration, they uncovered the
we look at life. now-familiar double helix structure of
DNA.

D The forensic scientists were not able to

process the scene of the crime.

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Level B2: Reading Comprehension 3

Read a magazine article about four different celebrities and write the correct names. The people
may be chosen more than once.

Star Quality
A Clive Owen B Cate Blanchett
Clive is the son of a Country As a child, Cate studied dance and
and Western singer, Jess piano. At the age of 18 she went
Owen. He is the fourth of on holiday to Egypt and got a walk-
five brothers, two of whom on part in an Egyptian film about a
are musicians. His family boxer. It was this experience that
were poor and as a child he made her fall in love with acting and
was not encouraged in this she decided that this was the career
acting talent. Clive didn’t let that put him off, he was she wanted to follow. She studied at the National Institute of
determined to be a success. He had his first acting Dramatic Arts in Sydney and started working in the theatre
role at 13 and then went on to study at the prestigious and in TV serials. She got her first film role in 1997 and the
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) in London. following year she starred in Shekhar Kapur’s Elizabeth
Clive eventually became a Hollywood star at the age for which she received an Oscar nomination. Over the
of forty, after decades as an actor on British TV series next few years Cate Blanchett starred in some of the most
and films. George Clooney describes him as ‘the successful films of all time and then in 2004 she appeared
greatest discovery of recent times.’ Although Clive says in Martin Scorsese’s The Aviator with Leonardo DiCaprio
no one spoke to him about it, many people thought he and was awarded an Oscar for Best Supporting Actress.
would be the next James Bond after Pierce Brosnan, in In 2007 she was the only woman chosen to interpret one of
the end, of course, that job went to Daniel Craig. Clive six aspects of the life and work of Bob Dylan in the film I’m
was nominated for an Oscar and has won a number Not There and was awarded the Volpi Cup for Best Actress
of awards, including the BAFTA and Golden Globe at the 64th Venice Film Festival.
awards.

D Norah Jones
C Usher Norah Jones has music in her genes!
Usher discovered his talent Her father is Ravi Shankar, the Indian
for singing at an early age. maestro who taught the Beatles how
He joined his local gospel choir to play the sitar. Her mother, Sue
in his home town in Tennessee, Jones, was a dancer and singer of
where his mother was the soul music. Her grandmother adores
conductor. He signed a record country music and Norah’s sister is
deal while he was still at high also a singer. At an early age, Norah joined the school choir,
school. His debut album Usher was released in 1994 where she learnt how to sing. She began playing the piano at
and one of the singles from the album did so well in the the age of five and briefly played the alto saxophone. She won
charts that he was asked to sing at the Olympics held in the Down Beat Student Music Award (SMA) for Best Original
Atlanta in 1996. The release of Usher’s album All About Composition in 1996 and for two years running was awarded
U was planned for 2001, but the songs were illegally the SMA for Best Jazz Vocalist. In 2000, a music producer
uploaded onto the web and millions of people were able heard some of Norah’s work and recognised her great talent.
to download them for free! His record label abandoned The director of Blue Note, the most important record label in
the release of that album and Usher began to work jazz, signed her up that year. When she was 23, she released
on some new tracks. The new album was called 8701 Come away with me which won her 8 Grammy Awards
(because that was the album’s release date) and it was and sold 18 million copies. In 2004, after releasing Feels
a huge hit. Usher is one of the most successful R&B like home, she went on a world tour, taking her guitar and
artists in the world. To date he has sold over 30 million notebooks with her so she could write the songs for her next
albums and has received 5 Grammy Awards. album Not too late, which was released in 2007.

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 RE ADI NG COMP RE HE NSION

Which person…

1 … stumbled upon their career by chance?

2 … had a relative who conducted a choir?

3 … got their first contract when they were still at school?

4 … takes their work along with them wherever they may go?

5 … had a relative who taught the members of a famous band to play a musical instrument?

6 … was chosen for a unique role?

7 … did not follow in their father's footsteps?

8 … was asked to perform at a very important occasion?

9 … has won many awards but never an Oscar?

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Level B1: Language in Use 1

Read the text and choose the correct option (A, B, C or D) for each space.

Healthy Eating
that
We all know __________ eating properly is important, but how (1) __________ of us know why?
Let’s look at what food (2) __________ does for us.
Proteins are vital (3) __________ growing children and for repair and maintenance in adults. Some people
(4) __________ to eat meat and get their protein from dairy products and vegetables sources such as beans.
Vitamins are very important. (5) __________ many people do not eat enough. Many vitamins are
(6) __________ in fresh fruit and vegetables.
Carbohydrates give us energy, but (7) __________ many make us put on us extra weight.
And finally – water! We should drink between one and two litres a day to keep our bodies
(8) __________ hydrated, but most people forget!

A that B so C if D and
1 A much B few C often D many
2 A currently B actually C never D rarely
3 A for B at C in D through
4 A accept B refuse C like D want
5 A And B So C Therefore D However
6 A contained B destroyed C absent D important
7 A so B much C how D too
8 A properly B recently C incorrectly D sometimes

Level B1: Language in Use 2

Read the text and choose the correct option (A, B, C or D) for each space.

Do Mobiles Help Cheats?

Apart (1) __________ being important status symbols among teens, mobile phones are useful when
pupils want to cheat in exams. Many parents are (2) __________ on their children carrying mobile
phones with them when they go (3) __________ in case there is an emergency; but for teachers, mobile
phones anywhere on school premises can (4) __________ problems, in addition (5) __________ the
cheating threat. While mobile phones may not be responsible (6) __________ cheating, some teachers
believe they have a negative effect. While there are kids with expensive phones, there are other
children with less trendy models, creating a form of disparity.

1 A for B from C to D with

2 A fond B happy C enthusiastic D keen
3 A off B on C out D for
4 A make B do C cause D begin
5 A to B with C of D from
6 A for B at C in D with

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Level B1: Language in Use 3

Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.

The Most Important Event in My Life!

It’s (1) _________ true story. I (2) _________ just finished university in York and had applied
(3) _________ a job teaching English in China. I was feeling very nervous. I had (4) _________ done any
real work in my life and I knew nothing (5) _________ English grammar. But everything went well and
I took up the offer of a job teaching English (6) _________ Shanghai. I liked the place at once… and I fell in
(7) _________ with Chang! Two years later, we got married and we now (8) _________ three lovely children.

Level B1: Language in Use 4

Read and complete the text. Use the word given in brackets to form a new word that fits in each gap.

A bad start
I am not the world’s most enthusiastic (1) _________ (TRAVEL) but I was feeling very (2) _________
(EXCITE) about my first trip abroad and about the fact that this was going to be my first (3) _________
(FLY) in a real aeroplane! We had booked a cheap (4) _________ (PACK) holiday in the Costa del Sol.
We were going to stay in luxury (5) _________ (ACCOMMODATE).
Anyway, we arrived by coach at the airport along with twenty other people and headed for the
(6) _________ (DEPART) hall. The first thing we had to do was to check in our luggage; I had a massive
(7) _________ (SUIT) and unfortunately they asked me to pay more money for the extra weight. I felt
really (8) _________ (MISERY)!

Level B1: Language in Use 5

Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using no more than three words.

The Council is building a new car park. 3 On Saturday, children from our school will plant
being built by the
A new car park is ___________ 100 trees in the forest.
Council. On Saturday, 100 trees ___________ by children
1 The local government will recycle paper from the school.
and plastic. 4 Drivers are spending a lot of money on petrol.
Paper and plastic ___________ by the A lot of money ___________ on petrol by drivers.
local government. 5 We have done serious damage to the
2 They haven’t bought any new dresses for environment.
years. Serious damage ___________ to the environment.
No new dresses ___________ for years.

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 T O WAR DS INVAL SI

Level B2: Language in Use 1

Read the text and choose the correct option (A, B, C or D).

When Graffiti Becomes Art

widely
Banksy is _____________ believed to be one of the most exciting artists of our time. His
art is funny, political and thought- (1) _____________. It is often made with cans of spray
paint and stencils and can be found on the side of buildings in the streets of London,
Bristol and (2) _____________ the world.

Banksy’s work is about questioning authority, the status quo, consumerism and the way
we (3) _____________ our planet. Some of it is quite shocking, some looks simply funny
and then stays with you, making you question your (4) _____________. In one short film
Banksy is seen, his back to the camera, spray painting a message on a blank
(5) _____________ in London. The message says ‘The Joy of Not Being Sold Anything.’

Banksy works quickly, often in (6) _____________ daylight, and often disguised as a
council worker. He has even managed to smuggle some of his work into London’s top
museums. Most (7) _____________ a piece of ‘neolithic art’ painted on a stone with a
hunter pushing a supermarket shopping trolley. This ‘neolithic art’ was (8) _____________
signed by the artist ‘Banksyus Maximus’.

A firstly B greatly C widely D not mostly

1 A evoking B producing C arousing D provoking

2 A nowhere B through C everywhere D all over

3 A treat B deal C handle D manage

4 A reasons B beliefs C characters D dreams

5 A pamphlet B leaflet C billboard D flyer

6 A bright B broad C wide D complete

7 A lately B early C shortly D recently

8 A even B still C yet D ever

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 LANG UAGE I N U S E

Level B2: Language in Use 2

Read the text and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap.

Into the Dragons’ Den

The Dragons’ Den is the name of a popular TV show on the BBC which is having an effect
on the wider business world and encouraging a whole new generation of entrepreneurs and
____
inventors to follow their dreams.

The show is hosted by five of the UK’s top business people, all of (1) _____________ are very
successful, very rich and very scary. Dragons in human form! In order to get (2) _____________
the show you have to submit your idea for a new business or your new invention to the BBC.
The thousands of applications are then sorted (3) _____________ and if you are lucky you will
be chosen to present your idea on the show. Then comes the really terrifying bit. You have to
stand up in front of the Dragons and sell them your idea while you are (4) _____________ filmed
for a national TV show with millions (5) _____________ viewers. If the Dragons like your idea
then they will invest some of (6) _____________ own money in your business. Often the Dragons
don’t give the thumbs (7) _____________, but other times they are prepared to invest tens
(8) _____________ thousands of pounds.
The Dragons’ Den has inspired many people to follow their business dreams.

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 T O WAR DS INVAL SI

Level B2: Language in Use 3

Read the text and use the words given in brackets to form a new word that fits in each gap.

Love for horses wealthy

Alex loved horses, which is why he worked in a stable on very low wage. He wasn’t a __________
(WEALTH) person – he didn’t earn much – but he always managed to put something aside.
He spent his (1) _____________ (EARN) on his hobby, horses! One night, he dreamt he
saw his (2) _____________ (FAVOUR) horse, Bella, win a race. So he took out all his
(3) _____________ (SAVE), £200, and bet it all on her. It was madness, he knew, but
(4) _____________ (LUCK) Bella won the race. He was rich! He knew exactly what he
would do with his (5) _____________ (WIN). He would buy a horse. It was a good
(6) _____________ (INVEST) and he knew which horse he wanted. He wanted Bella. He was
in luck: the (7) _____________ (OWN), Mr Thomas, agreed to sell her. However, when the day
arrived for the (8) _____________ (SELL) to take place, Mr Thomas said that unfortunately he
had changed his mind. He couldn’t sell Bella. His daughter was very fond of her.

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 LANG UAGE I N U S E

Level B2: Language in Use 4

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word
given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the
word given.

Henry got a lot of presents for his birthday and he received cash.
ADDITION
In addition to receiving
_____________________________________ cash for his birthday, Henry got a lot of presents.

1 Everybody says the model Naomi Campbell is always losing her temper.
NOTORIOUS
Model Naomi Campbell _____________________________________ her bad temper.

2 The tree is taller than the fence.

HIGH
The fence isn’t _____________________________________ the tree.

3 I don’t think she’s very well because she’s become

very thin.
SKINNY
She’s so _____________________________________
she must be ill.

4 Nowadays many celebrities start new clothes

fashions amongst young people.
TREND
Celebrities ___________________________________
for youth fashion these days.

5 Don’t forget you need to bring skiing clothing in

your suitcase.
SUITABLE
Remember to pack
_____________________________________ for
skiing!

6 You can’t give up now! There’s only a kilometre

left to run.
KEEP ON
You _____________________________________ for
another kilometre!

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 T O WAR DS INVAL SI

Level B1: Listening 1

1 Listen to the recordings and choose the correct option (A, B or C).

Example: Where are the man’s glasses?

A 3 B C

1 What did the couple order?

A B C

2 Which is the woman’s new dress?

A B C

3 Where do the people plan to spend the evening?

A B C

4 What is the weather going to be like tomorrow?

A B C

5 When is Pete’s birthday?

A B C

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 LIS T E N IN G

Level B1: Listening 2

2 Listen to the description of the painting and choose the correct option (A, B or C).

1 Why did Frida become a painter? 4 How did Dr Farill help her?
A It was always her dream. A He helped her enjoy
B Her parents wanted it. life again.
C To pass the time. B He gave her lessons.
2 What feelings did she express in her C He gave her money.
paintings? 5 Why did Frida paint Dr Farill
A sadness bigger than her? She wanted to show…
B anger A fear.
C passion B admiration.
3 Where did she paint her first paintings? C love.
A in bed 6 What does the palette look like?
B at school A flowers
C in a studio B a heart
C a dish

Level B1: Listening 3

3 You will hear a man talking about genes. Listen and complete the text.

Genes: what are they?

What is a genius? Are they made or are they born? If, for example, you are good at football, maths or
chess, the reason (1) _________ be in your genes.
Genes are the things that (2) _________ you your physical (3) _________ and lots of other things about
you, perhaps (4) _________, too. Genes, which come from your family, now and in the (5) _________,
carry information that helps make you who you are: curly or straight hair, (6) _________ or short legs,
how you smile or laugh.

Level B1: Listening 4

4 Listen to these people talking about their cities and decide if these sentences are true (T) or
false (F).

T F
1 Los Angeles has a cold climate.
2 You can see famous people in Los Angeles.
3 There are 22 million cars in Beijing.
4 Beijing had no pollution during the Olympics.
5 Calgary has got a lot of oil and gas.
6 In Calgary, a lot of people recycle rubbish.

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 T O WAR DS INVAL SI

Level B2: Listening 1

5 Listen to people talking in eight different situations and choose the correct option
(A, B or C).

1 You overhear a woman talking to her son on the phone. What would she like him to do?
A stop getting into debt
B buy better quality clothes
C get a better paid job

2 You hear a man talking about city life. What is he complaining about?
A He finds it difficult to breath when he goes out.
B He has to wear a mask when he rides to and from the office.
C He can’t afford to live in the countryside.

3 You overhear a man and a woman talking. What is the woman upset about most?
A Nobody raised the alarm.
B Her husband could be so forgetful.
C She had to wait outside in her nightwear.

4 You hear a teacher reciting the myth of Jason and the Golden Fleece.
How was the Golden Fleece stolen?
A Hercules and Orpheus gave the dragon a potion to send it to sleep.
B The Argonauts got it out of the wood and took it back to Greece in the Arno.
C Jason managed to steal the Fleece while the dragon was sleeping.

5 You hear part of a talk on the radio. What is the man talking about?
A a short trip
B an expert on Shakespeare
C a play

6 You hear a woman talking about a diet. What does she say about the diet?
A It made her feel weak.
B It left an awful taste in her mouth.
C She couldn’t stick to it.

7 You overhear a man talking about his new job. What does he do? He is…
A a doctor.
B a psychologist.
C a salesman.

8 You overhear a woman talking to a friend. What is she doing?

A complaining about something
B giving him advice
C warning him

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 LIS T E N IN G

Level B2: Listening 2

6 Listen to an interview with Dr Brooks about some unusual university courses and complete
the sentences.

Unusual University Courses

1 Students interested in combining the classical with ____________________ can study a

‘Simpsons and Philosophy’ module.
2 At Georgetown University you can examine the ____________________ side of philosophy.
3 The David Beckham module ____________________ of a Sports, Media and Culture degree.
4 If you do a degree in Contemporary Circus and Physical Performance you could end up
____________________ at Glastonbury or Bath festivals.
5 A Harry Potter module ____________________ on the Education Studies degree at Durham
University.
6 At Baltimore University you are able to watch and ____________________ Zombie films.
7 It’s possible to learn how ____________________ on a degree in North Wales.
8 If you are keen ____________________, Plymouth University is a good place to study.
9 For lovers ____________________, Nottingham University offers a degree in Viking Studies.
10 ____________________ on the Beatles and The paranormal are both possible postgraduate
options.

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Level B2: Listening 3

7 Listen to five different people talking about various holiday experiences and choose from
the list (A–H), what each person says about the holidays. Use the letters only once. There are three
extra letters which you do not need to use.

A An important event might have to be postponed.

Speaker 1
B The tourists were taken in by the travel agency.
Speaker 2
C One of the holidaymakers couldn’t raise any enthusiasm.
Speaker 3
D The flyer was supposed to prevent people from being deceived.
Speaker 4
E Neither insurance company was willing to cover costs incurred.
Speaker 5
F The customers were unaware that they could get their money back.

G They are all willing to repeat the experience.

H Holiday rules were crystal clear at the outset.

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 LIS T E N IN G

Level B2: Listening 4

8 Listen to an interview with a musician about teaching children to play a musical instrument and
choose the correct option (A, B or C).

1 Music can be taken up…

A only by people with good physical
coordination.
B by people looking for a rewarding
pastime.
C by anyone wishing to do so.

2 A sure sign of enthusiasm is when children…

A don’t have to be reminded to practise.
B choose their favourite instrument to learn
to play on.
C stop playing around with their instrument
and take it more seriously.

3 The recorder is a suitable instrument

to start with because…
A children find it less difficult to blow once
they’ve got their second set of teeth.
B it doesn’t require as much strength to
blow as other woodwind instruments.
C children feel more at ease with this
instrument than a violin or cello.

4 Starting lessons before the age of eight…

A can give a child the chance to acquire a taste for music.
B can allow a child to learn about different musical instruments.
C can be too demanding for a child.

5 Music therapy…
A is particularly suitable for children who have been ill-treated.
B stimulates children and enhances their social skills.
C and its impact have been widely remarked upon.

6 State registered therapists…

A work in health centres administered by the Government.
B are qualified professionals who have successfully completed a training course.
C provide training courses at APMT.

7 The ability to express oneself through music…

A depends on musical expertise.
B relies on spoken language.
C is an inborn competence.

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 E X AM PR AC TIC E

Esame di Stato: Seconda prova

Come ormai noto, il nuovo Esame di Stato previsto dal decreto legislativo 62/2017 è entrato a regime a
partire dall’a.s. 2018/2019. Il decreto riduce a due il numero delle prove scritte previste, ma non apporta
modifiche alla natura e ai contenuti delle prove stesse.

Già a partire dall’a.s. 2014-2015, infatti, la lingua inglese è stata inserita tra le materie caratterizzanti i singoli
corsi di studio dei percorsi di istruzione tecnica, oggetto della seconda prova scritta per il settore Economico,
indirizzo Turismo.

In linea con quanto previsto dalle certificazioni internazionali Cambridge First, livello B2 del CEFR, la
seconda prova si articola in due parti:
• comprensione e analisi di testi scritti, continui o anche non continui, relativi al contesto del percorso di
studio, con risposte a domande aperte o anche chiuse;
• elaborazione di un testo scritto, sulla base della documentazione fornita, riguardante esperienze, processi
e situazioni relativi al settore di indirizzo.

È consentito l’uso dei dizionari monolingue e bilingue.

Come affrontare il testo di comprensione

Per svolgere adeguatamente la prima parte di comprensione, procedi ad una attenta lettura del testo,
prima attraverso tecniche di skimming per coglierne le linee essenziali e poi con strategie di analisi più
dettagliate di scanning per individuare lo sviluppo del contenuto.
Successivamente concentrati sulla comprensione di ogni singolo quesito ricercando le specifiche
informazioni e compila le risposte, evitando di riprodurre esattamente il testo ma rimanendo fedele al
contenuto. Alcune domande potranno prevedere di “leggere tra le righe”: esprimi quindi una tua
interpretazione, ma supportala sempre con riferimenti al testo.
Ti può venir chiesto anche a cosa fanno riferimento elementi deittici quali pronomi, aggettivi dimostrativi
e avverbi o espressioni specifiche: usa espressioni come it refers to, it means per fornire la spiegazione
richiesta.

Come affrontare la produzione scritta

La produzione potrà prevedere la redazione di un testo scritto (una lettera, commento o lo sviluppo di un
testo di carattere professionale) collegato all’argomento sviluppato nel testo introduttivo: segui quindi le
linee guida previste individuando bene la situazione proposta e il contenuto specifico da includere.
Ricorda che la lettera dovrà rispettare anche le convenzioni stilistiche di layout e il registro linguistico
formale.
Evita quindi forme contratte ed espressioni appartenenti alla lingua parlata e usa un lessico appropriato.
Se scriverai un commento o saggio, cerca di strutturare il tuo testo in introduzione (dove presenti
l’argomento), due o tre paragrafi ognuno dedicato a una idea specifica e collegati tra loro da connettori
(di contrasto, rinforzo, sequenza logica o temporale) e una conclusione che ricapitoli e riassuma la tua
opinione.
Se ti viene chiesto di sviluppare una proposta di tipo professionale (ad esempio, un itinerario di viaggio),
ricorda di partire dall’analisi dettagliata della richiesta e dalla compilazione di uno schema dei punti
principali da includere nel contenuto.

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 P RE S E NTAT ION

Esame di Stato: Il colloquio

Nel decreto 62/2017 viene disposto che nell’ambito del colloquio degli Esami di Stato il candidato esporrà,
mediante una breve relazione e/o un elaborato multimediale, l’esperienza di Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro
svolta durante il percorso di studi.
Lo svolgimento delle attività di Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro diventa inoltre requisito di ammissione all’esame,
insieme allo svolgimento della Prova Nazionale INVALSI in italiano, matematica e inglese.
Il colloquio orale accerterà inoltre il conseguimento delle competenze raggiunte e la capacità
argomentativa e critica del candidato.
La Commissione sarà composta, come è anche adesso, da un Presidente esterno più tre commissari interni e
tre commissari esterni.
In modo più specifico, durante il colloquio orale la commissione potrà proporti di “analizzare testi, documenti,
esperienze, progetti, problemi per verificare l’acquisizione dei contenuti e dei metodi propri delle singole
discipline, la capacità di utilizzare le conoscenze acquisite e di collegarle per argomentare in maniera critica e
personale anche utilizzando la lingua straniera. Nell’ambito del colloquio sarà esposta, mediante una breve
relazione e/o un elaborato multimediale, l’esperienza di Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro svolta nel percorso di
studi.”

Voto d’esame: maggior peso al curriculum scolastico

Per ogni prova scritta, i commissari possono decidere di assegnare massimo 20 punti (al posto dei 15
attuali). Anche il colloquio orale potrà essere valutato con punteggio massimo di 20 (al posto dell’attuale
massimo di 30 punti). Considerato il maggior peso dei crediti scolastici, appare chiara l’intenzione di dare più
importanza, in sede d’Esame di Stato, al curriculum scolastico, al percorso che hai quindi fatto negli anni,
anziché all’esame in sé.

Arriva il curriculum dello studente

A confermare il fatto che il MIUR intende dare più importanza al percorso di ogni studente rispetto all’esame
di maturità, arriva il curriculum scolastico. Verrà allegato al diploma e conterrà le discipline comprese “nel
piano degli studi con l’indicazione del monte ore complessivo destinato a ciascuna di esse. In una specifica
sezione sono indicati i livelli di apprendimento conseguiti nella prove scritte a carattere nazionale,
distintamente per ciascuna delle discipline oggetto di rilevazione. Sono altresì indicate le competenze, le
conoscenze e le abilità anche professionali acquisite e le attività culturali, artistiche e di pratiche musicali,
sportive e di volontariato, svolte in ambito extra scolastico nonché le attività di Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro ed
altre eventuali certificazioni conseguite, ai sensi di quanto previsto dall’articolo”.

L’Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro dunque diventerà di fatto oggetto di valutazione. Durante il colloquio dovrai
portare ed esporre una relazione al riguardo. Alle pagg. 40-43 (Exam Practice – Alternanza Scuola-
Lavoro) ti proponiamo degli esempi di relazione in lingua inglese che potranno esserti utili per preparare al
meglio la tua esposizione. Troverai inoltre un ricco ed esaustivo elenco di espressioni, frasi, vocaboli che potrai
usare per il tuo futuro lavorativo.

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 E X AM PR AC TIC E

Test 1

Package Holidays
When we think of package holidays we generally mean
a charter flight and one or two weeks’ all-inclusive
accommodation. But package holidays can also be the
combination of services people need or want for their
5 vacation. In other words it doesn’t have to be a cheap
flight with two weeks in a hotel on the Costa del Sol.
It could also be an adventure holiday trekking through
rural France, as long as you purchase it as a package.

Package holidays became popular in the 1960s in the UK

and early destinations included the French island of Corsica,
10 the Costa Brava on the Spanish mainland and the nearby island of Mallorca, as well as the Greek islands.

Nowadays there is a lot of snobbery around package holidays, with more-frequent and richer travellers
claiming that during a two-week holiday in Mallorca you don’t get to see the ‘real Spain’. But you could argue
that for ordinary people who don’t travel a lot, then two weeks in Spain is quite adventurous.

So what’s the future for package holidays? If you want to, you can book flights and hotels separately. You can
15 use the Internet to arrange every last detail of your break yourself, and use review websites to choose only
the best providers. But tour operators often have the edge when it comes to price, so package holidays are
still popular and look set to remain so for the foreseeable future.

(238 words)

Types of holidays booked (UK, 2018)

Bar chart from https://www.abta.com/sites/default/files/2018-10/

Holiday%20Habits%20Report%202018%20011018.pdf

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 G UIDE D T E S T
Choose the option which fits best according to the text.
1 What is the aim of this text?
A It wants to encourage people to go on more package holidays.
B It is explaining the history of package holidays in the UK.
C To give a definition of package holidays and their popularity.
D To point out the author’s opinion of the type of people who go on package holidays.

2 According to the text, which of the following statements is not true of package holidays?
A The different elements of the holiday are combined and booked as one deal.
B The appeal of package holidays is predicted to drop in the future.
C The destinations are not limited to beach resorts in Mediterranean countries.
D They have been popular in the UK for around 60 years.

3 Why are some people condescending towards those who go on package holidays?
A They reckon they don’t offer an authentic and genuine experience of the country visited.
B They feel that package holiday destinations are not really that interesting to visit.
C In their opinion, there is not enough flexibility about the flights and accommodation.
D They consider package holidays to be a cheap and low quality option for a holiday.

4 What is meant by the expression ‘have the edge’ (line 16)?

A To have better contacts.
B To have an advantage.
C To be more ruthless.
D To move more slowly.

5 Answer the question by referring to the chart.

The chart shows what type of holidays were booked in 2018 in the UK. Which type of holiday is most and
least popular for domestic vacations? And for international ones? In your opinion, what could account for
these differences?

Part 2: Written production

Choose one of the following tasks. Number your answer clearly to show which question you have chosen.
Either
1 Consider the line from the text, ‘it doesn’t have to be a cheap flight with two weeks in a hotel on the Costa
Del Sol. It could also be an adventure holiday trekking through rural France, as long as you purchase it as a
package.’ Design a one week’s alternative package holiday to Italy, detailing the itinerary and activities.

Or
2 Write an essay of about 300 words to explain the typical components of a package holiday, the
destinations which are popular with Italian tour operators and any advantages or disadvantages of this
type of vacation for the holiday makers.

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 E X AM PR AC TIC E

Test 2

Artificial Intelligence
in the Travel Industry
First you could book a flight online. Then came online travel
agents. And now you might check in to your hotel via mobile, a
computer could set the price, while a chatbot, a computer pro-
gram which enables realtime conversation, answers your queries.

5 AI is used from the bottom of the travel market, as a way to increase automation and save money, to the
top end of the market, as a way to personalise experiences. Companies like IBM, whose Watson tool is
helping the travel company Thomson trial a smart chatbot for its customers’ holiday searches, pledge to
‘augment, not replace, human intelligence’. This is also the view at Skyscanner. The airfare comparison site
may have a dedicated ‘Bots’ squad (a bot is a network program which can interact with systems or users),
10 but it doesn’t believe computing power will replace human roles or travel reviews.

A spokesperson for ABTA (the Association of British Travel Agents), says Brits are still booking holidays
in travel stores and that although artificial intelligence can help with targeted marketing, ‘it can be hard to
beat the human touch’. People quickly get frustrated if a chatbot isn’t responding accurately, for a start.
‘Many roles in the travel industry remain unaffected by technological advances,’ adds a spokesperson,
15 ‘Cooks are needed to cook, beds need to be made, and the personal experience of a destination expert is
hard to beat.’

(232 words) Source: The Guardian

Who did you book your holiday with (2018, UK)?

Bar chart from: https://www.abta.com/sites/default/files/2018-10/

Holiday%20Habits%20Report%202018%20011018.pdf

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 G UIDE D T E S T
Choose the option which fits best according to the text.
1 What is the aim of this text?
A To explain how AI is replacing all human roles in the travel industry.
B To illustrate how AI can enhance the efficiency and performance of the travel sector.
C To criticise how much some travel companies rely on AI.
D To warn people of the dangers of AI for their privacy.

2 How does the use of AI differ depending on the market?

A It is used more frequently at the top end of the market than at the bottom.
B It can shift from being used for targeting marketing to responding to holiday searches.
C Chatbots are of a better quality and work more accurately at the higher end of the market.
D It can change from being just a matter of cost-cutting to improving customers’ experiences.

3 What do both IBM and Skyscanner believe?

A Human intelligence will be totally replaced by artificial intelligence.
B The technological advances are moving too slowly in the field of AI.
C There is no doubt that AI can successfully be used to boost human roles.
D Chatbots are not yet advanced enough to respond correctly 100% of the time.

4 What point does the last sentence underline?

A People’s frustration with technology will only get worse in the future.
B Humans will always remain necessary in all areas of the travel industry.
C Only menial and unskilled tasks will be carried out by humans in the future.
D There will soon be a revolution in employment in the travel sector.

5 Answer the question by referring to the chart.

The chart shows how holiday bookings were made in 2018 in the UK. What differences are there between
how people booked domestic holidays and international holidays? In your opinion, what could account for
these differences?

Part 2: Written production

Choose one of the following tasks. Number your answer clearly to show which question you have chosen.
Either
1 Your online travel agency is launching a new Artificial Intelligence chatbot. Write a letter to hotel chains
inviting them to sign up to the service. In your letter explain what information about potential customers
the chatbot can generate and how this could help them customise the services they offer in their hotels.

Or
2 Travel agents will always have an important role to play in the travel industry and won’t be replaced by
online booking websites. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Write an essay of about 300
words to explain your point of view, using your personal experience and other examples to support your
ideas.

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 E X AM PR AC TIC E

Test 3

Submarine Cables
Most of us connect to the Internet using Wi-Fi nowadays, so no
longer use a physical connection with a cable. However, sooner or
later, this wireless system links up with physical cables, each wire
as thin as a stand of hair, that carry the tiny bits of code across the
5 world and across oceans quicker than you can read this sentence.

The first trans-Atlantic cable connected the USA and Britain in 1858 and the first message sent took 16 hours
to transmit. Today it is estimated that there are 750,000 miles of cable on the ocean floors. The routes have
to be carefully planned to avoid underwater hazards and interference by fishing boats and the cables must be
made to withstand heavy currents, earthquakes and other physical conditions.

10 In the past, it was mainly telecommunication companies, often joining in a consortium, which laid the cables
but over the last ten years or so the major tech companies, such as Amazon, Google, Facebook and Microsoft,
have become involved. The UN has reported that more than half the global population is online and now
even the remotest areas of the world are getting internet access. In addition, more and more technology
which relies on fast data speeds is being invented. Faced with this massive demand for bandwidth, these
15 private network operators have started laying their own cables, individually or by pooling their resources, to
be ready.

(234 words) Source: New York Times

online edition

International Internet Bandwith Growth by

Region, 2014-2018

Bar chart from https://blog.telegeography.com/international-internet-

capacity-growth-just-accelerated-for-the-first-time-since-2015

32 EX AM P R AC T ICE Photocopiable - Explore ©ELI Publishing

 G UIDE D T E S T
Choose the option which fits best according to the text.
1 How does data travel around the world?
A It travels as bits of code exclusively through cables or wires.
B It travels quicker with a Wi-Fi connection than with a traditional cable one.
C It travels as bits of code through both wireless and cable systems.
D It first travels across the Atlantic before reaching other parts of the world.

2 Why have tech companies got involved in laying undersea cables?

A It is cheaper than using the cables which belong to a telecommunications consortium.
B They want to be able to satisfy the increase in demand for bandwidth.
C Other companies are not interested in reaching remote parts of the world.
D The existing cables are too slow for their needs.

3 The bar chart shows the growth in internet bandwidth for the period between 2014 and 2018. Which of
these statements is true?
A The slowest growth in internet bandwidth was registered in North and South America.
B Internet bandwidth grew by at least 30% in all regions of the world.
C The Middle East had the largest increase in internet bandwidth.
D Internet bandwidth grew more rapidly in Africa than in other regions of the world.

4 Answer the question. Use complete sentences and your own words.
Explain why undersea cables are so important for modern communication and what characteristics they
need to have.

5 Answer the question by referring to the bar chart.

How did the growth in internet bandwidth differ among the different regions and what do you think the
factors for this could be?

Part 2: Written production

Choose one of the following tasks. Number your answer clearly to show which question you have chosen.
Either
1 Your boss has asked you to analyse the communication methods used in your company. Write a report of
about 300 words on the current methods used (letters, emails, face-to-face meetings, etc.) and then
recommend new methods (social networks, video-conferencing, etc.), saying how they can improve
communication and productivity.

Or
2 How much do you use social networks and text messaging to communicate with people? What do you
think are the advantages and disadvantages of this means of communication compared to talking face to
face? Write an essay of about 300 words, giving your views on the topic.

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 E X AM PR AC TIC E

Test 4

In-House Content
Marketing
Over the last decade or so, content marketing has really taken over
and become the buzz word for so many companies, both large and
small. Creating content, whether it is a video, infographic, or a blog
post, has become vital for company marketing strategies.

5 In the past, this task was often assigned to external agencies, but the recent trend is to bring it in-house, relying
on internal resources to create the necessary content. One of the main benefits is obviously cost. A company
can save a lot of money by avoiding expensive agency fees. Another advantage is brand and product knowledge.
People within the company will have a more detailed and intimate knowledge of the brand and how to promote
it.

10 However, prioritising these two factors over creativity and quality could be risky. Let’s look at video, for example.
With so much of the Internet, especially social media networks, dedicated to video content, companies want to
invest heavily in this area. To make a decent video, a company would need to have in-house a specialised team of
designers, videographers and post-production editors. If this is not the case, there is the risk of a poor quality final
product, which would not be beneficial to the company’s image. Therefore outsourcing certain areas of content
15 marketing, rather than doing absolutely everything in-house, can be worthwhile in the long run when it offers
better quality and more effective content.

(236 words) Source: www.contently.com

Primary benefits of in-house agencies

(USA 2018)

Source: Association of National Advertisers (ANA)

Bar chart from https://contently.com/2018/11/01/brands-advertising-in-

house/

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 G UIDE D T E S T
Choose the option which fits best according to the text.
1 What two benefits of in-house content marketing are mentioned in the text?
A Improved quality and using internal knowledge.
B Having control and using internal resources.
C Saving money and brand or product expertise.
D Speed and cost effectiveness of the operations.

2 In what circumstances can an external agency be useful?

A When there is a lack of relevant skills within the company.
B When the client has long-term goals for content marketing.
C When there is a specific product campaign to be organised.
D When the agency is used to taking risks on behalf of the clients.

3 The graph shows the benefits of having an in-house agency. Which of these statements is true?
A Respondents feel that having more control is less important than creative expertise.
B Speed and brand knowledge are equally important for respondents to the survey.
C One of the least important advantages is having institutional knowledge.
D Companies prefer saving money over all the other benefits of an in-house agency.

4 Answer the question. Use complete sentences and your own words.
What is content marketing and what are the advantages and disadvantages of using an in-house agency
instead of an external one?

5 Answer the question by referring to the bar chart.

What are the most and least important factors when considering creating content in-house? Do you agree?
Are there other factors that should be taken into consideration?

Part 2: Written production

Choose one of the following tasks. Number your answer clearly to show which question you have chosen.
Either
1 You work in the marketing division of a large, national chain of business hotels. You strongly believe in the
power of content marketing to make the company more visible and competitive. Write a report to your
manager, outlining the importance of content marketing, some proposals for new content, and the
benefits for the company.

Or
2 Nowadays the Internet, and particularly social media sites, are full of videos, from private individuals,
companies and organisations. For this reason, some people believe that they are, at best, a waste of time
and, at worst, dangerous. Write an essay of about 300 words with you point of view, using examples from
your personal experience.

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 E X AM PR AC TIC E

Test 5

Sustainable
Cruise Holidays
Not many of the 25 million people enjoying the sea
breeze on a cruise ship this year are likely to think about
the air pollutants being emitted from the vessel. They are
more likely thinking about which restaurant to eat in or
5 the excursion at the next port of call. Mostly running on
heavy fuel oil, a medium-sized cruise ship produces around the same volume of air pollutants – including
greenhouse gases, sulphur, nitric oxides and particulate matter – as five million cars going the same
distance, according to estimates by German environmental NGO NABU.

But new legislation by the International Maritime Organisation will require cruise ships to reduce their
10 sulphur emissions from 3.5% to 0.5%. In order to comply with the limit, several cruise companies have
installed scrubber technology on their ships, which uses seawater to wash the exhausts. This, however,
reduces the sulphur in the air by putting it in the water instead, solving one problem but creating another.
Other alternatives being looked at by some cruise companies are installing emission abatement technology,
like in road vehicles, alternative energy sources such as renewables and biofuels, and battery-powered ships.

15 The cost of investing in green technology is high for shipping companies, but there is a huge opportunity
for cruise companies to improve their environmental policies and gain a competitive advantage with certain
customers. Limiting pollution is not just an environmental issue but directly impacts passenger well-being
too. As NABU has said, cruise companies ‘are not shipping containers, they are shipping passengers, and
they are responsible for their health.’

(257 words) Source: The Guardian

What do people value about cruise holidays? (UK)

Chart from https://www.abta.com/sites/default/files/2018-10/

Holiday%20Habits%20Report%202018%20011018.pdf

36 EX AM P R AC T ICE Photocopiable - Explore ©ELI Publishing

 G UIDE D T E S T
Choose the option which fits best according to the text.
1 What criticism does the article make about some cruise companies and their ships?
A They are not following current laws issued by the International Maritime Organisation.
B The solution adopted by some ships to reduce pollution is actually deceptive and has not resolved
the issue.
C They have not yet started studying new energy sources to replace the heavy fuel oil they currently use.
D They are not investing enough money into finding a solution for the negative environmental impact of
their ships.

2 How could cruise companies use this new IMO legislation to their advantage?
A By promoting themselves as eco-friendly to win business from the ‘green’ market segment.
B By using the emission figures in their advertising campaigns.
C By increasing the cost of cruise packages to recover the costs of investing in new technology.
D By offering health packages to the people taking their cruises.

3 Why does the writer make a comparison between shipping freight and shipping passengers?
A To underline that shipping freight is a more lucrative business for shipping companies.
B To show that there are different legislations for the two forms of transport.
C To suggest that cruise companies could carry both passengers and shipping containers at the same time.
D To remind shipping companies that the well-being of passengers is paramount.

4 The chart shows what people value about cruises. Which of the following statements is true?
A All respondents gave less value to all the questions in 2018 than in 2017.
B People who go on cruises were less interested in the meals and refreshments in 2018 than in 2017.
C There was a significant drop in the importance people gave to entertainment between 2017 and 2018.
D More people considered a cruise as a stylish and luxurious holiday in 2018 than in 2017.

5 Answer the question by referring to the chart.

How did people’s appreciation of the different elements of cruising change between 2017 and 2018? Which
areas showed the biggest decline? What do you think cruise companies could do to address this matter?

Part 2: Written production

Choose one of the following tasks. Number your answer clearly to show which question you have chosen.
Either
1 Write an advert promoting a ‘green’ cruise. In your advert highlight the environmentally-friendly policies
adopted aboard ship and the aspects of the cruise itinerary which aim to have a low environmental impact
on the places passengers visit.

Or
2 The article opens by stating: ‘Not many of the 25 million people enjoying the sea breeze on a cruise ship
this year are likely to think about the air pollutants being emitted from the vessel.’ Do you agree or
disagree with this statement? Who should take responsibility for pollution caused by tourism: the
individual traveller, travel companies or countries? How should this be done? Write an essay of about 300
words to answer these questions.

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 E X AM PR AC TIC E

Test 6

Can America’s National

Parks Survive?
America’s 59 national parks, run by the National Park Service
(NPS) which was founded over 100 years ago in order to make
America’s natural wonders accessible to everyone, are central to
the nation’s sense of itself. However, they are currently fighting
5 a war on three fronts: severe underfunding, climate change and a
lack of diversity among their visitors.

Climate change is killing trees, threatening birds and mammals, and leading to devastating wildfires. If no
action is taken, the glaciers of Glacier National Park may melt away; Joshua trees could die out in the park
that bears their name; bison may disappear from Yellowstone.

10 The bulk of the national budget comes from Congress with the rest from entrance charges, philanthropy and
fees paid by hotels, restaurants and other businesses operating on the land. But Congress’ purse strings are
being pulled ever tighter and the parks don’t have enough funds even for general maintenance and safety.

What the national parks are not short of is visitors – but these are mainly white, middle-class and well
into middle age. The challenge is how to attract a younger crowd to ensure support for protection and
15 funding of the parks in the future. Marketing parks via social media, offering free family passes, organising
weekend get-aways for families and hands-on activities are some of the ideas that have been implemented.

(224 words) Source: The Guardian

Yosemite NP Yousha Tree NP

Bar chart from: https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/SSRSReports/Park%20 Bar chart from: https://irma.nps.gov/Stats/SSRSReports/Park%20

Specific%20Reports/Summary%20of%20Visitor%20Use%20By%20 Specific%20Reports/Summary%20of%20Visitor%20Use%20By%20
Month%20and%20Year%20(1979%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20 Month%20and%20Year%20(1979%20-%20Last%20Calendar%20
Year)?Park=YOSE Year)?Park=JOTR

38 EX AM P R AC T ICE Photocopiable - Explore ©ELI Publishing

 G UIDE D T E S T
Choose the option which fits best according to the text.
1 The opening of the text wishes to convey…
A how the national parks are organised.
B the beauty and the variety of the landscapes of the parks.
C the reasons why people visit national parks.
D a sense of the history and importance of the national parks.

2 What is meant by the expression ‘Congress’ purse strings are being pulled ever tighter’ (line 11)?
A Congress has been exerting tighter control over the NPS.
B Congress has been reducing the funding for the NPS.
C Congress has pulled strings and used its influence to change NPS’s operations.
D Congress doesn’t have sufficient power to control the NPS budget.

3 What is the problem regarding visitors to the parks?

A The numbers have been gradually dropping off due to safety concerns.
B The typical visitor profile only represents a small segment of the US population.
C Visitors find a lack of diversity in the activities available at the parks.
D The information provided about the parks is only aimed at middle-aged visitors.

4 What is the main aim of the recent initiatives that the NPS has introduced?
A To guarantee the protection and financial survival of the parks in the future.
B To earn more money from entrance fees.
C To attract educational trips, researchers and scientists.
D To increase the social media presence of the organisation.

5 Answer the question by referring to the tables.

The tables show visitor figures to two of the USA’s national parks. Looking at the overnight stays, what
differences are there between the two parks? With your knowledge of the two parks, can you think of any
reasons for the fluctuation in visitor numbers during the year?

Part 2: Written production

Choose one of the following tasks. Number your answer clearly to show which question you have chosen.
Either
1 According to the text, National Parks ‘are fighting a war on three fronts: severe underfunding, climate
change and a lack of diversity among their visitors.’ How far is this true for National Parks in your country
and what would you do to resolve these problems? Write an essay of about 300 words.

Or
2 Write a tourist brochure aimed at young people and families for an area of outstanding natural beauty in
your country.

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 E X AM PR AC TIC E
Here below you can find two examples which will be useful to prepare a report on your experience
of Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro.

Indicare For my training experience I spent two weeks in the offices of the publisher
l’azienda/l’ente in ELI – La Spiga Edizioni.
cui sei stato
inserito, accennare On the first day my tutor introduced me to the staff. She led me into a room where
all’organizzazione there were people working on their computers. They all welcomed me and gave
in reparti e settori e me a chair, a desk and a PC. Everybody was kind to me and the atmosphere felt
parlare comfortable.
dell’accoglienza Indicare il processo
ricevuta. ELI is a publishing company that deals mainly with language teaching courses and lavorativo
extracurricular materials for students attending infant, primary, lower secondary dell’azienda/ente
and higher secondary schools. in cui sei stato
inserito.
Indicare le funzioni I was assigned to the editing department Higher Secondary School dealing with
del reparto/settore both foreign languages and Italian narrative. This department is strictly connected
in cui sei stato to and works in cooperation with authors, art directors, illustrators, graphic
inserito, la sua
designers, the picture editing department, accountancy, the marketing department
organizzazione
interna e le and the sales department. All these departments are involved in the creation and
interrelazioni con publication of books, courses, extracurricular materials (e.g. games, dictionaries,
gli altri reparti. graded readers, etc.).

As I’ve been studying Chinese for four years, the first thing I was asked to do was
read some drafts of a Chinese culture book which is due to be released in a short
time. The editor told me to have a look and say if I had some observations or advice Specificare le
on the material they were working on. mansioni svolte e
gli aspetti
Later I also worked on some Italian materials. The first was a book about bullying
professionali
which addressed students attending lower secondary schools. It had to be revised approfonditi.
before being published so I read it and searched for typing errors. Then I did the
same thing with a part of an Italian dictionary which had to be reprinted.

My English competence turned out to be really useful as well. I worked on some

Specificare le English texts for Tourism and I’ve been asked to write a report in English about
competenze e le my experience during these days. This report will be published in a booklet which
capacità richieste in includes preparation for the final “Esame di Stato”, a complete Cambridge English:
ambito lavorativo. First certification test and a couple of pages on the “Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro”
experience.
Indicare cosa hai
I noticed that even if everybody seems to be working on their own at their desks, potuto rilevare
they’re all actually part of a team. The release of a high-quality book depends on rispetto alla tua
the efficiency of everyone’s commitment. capacità di svolgere
In my own small way I believe I managed to do my job properly and I am happy to i compiti che ti
sono stati
think that some students will be benefiting from my effort and that of all the other
assegnati,
people involved in the projects I’ve worked on. all’autonomia nello
I liked the fact that I was quite free to do my job and fulfil the tasks I was assigned, svolgerli, alla tua
just as if I was an actual employee of ELI Publishing. capacità di lavorare
in team.
Indicare strumenti, To do the job I was assigned, I mainly used a PC, pens, pencils, rubbers and…
attrezzature etc. my brain ! The fact that I was already able to use the main Windows and Office
utilizzati e i programs helped me a lot. Dire cosa hai
rapporti con il tutor I was in constant contact with my tutor and could ask for whatever I needed; imparato su te
aziendale. stesso, se le tue
everybody here was helpful, kind and ready to give help, just in case I needed some. aspettative sono
state confermate o
I enjoyed this experience a lot. I had often asked myself what editorial work would disattese e perché,
involve and what it would be like to work in a publishing house. After these days at stilare un bilancio
ELI, I feel I would like to find a job like this one in the future. finale
dell’esperienza
Martina Moretti – 4^ F Liceo Linguistico Leopardi, Macerata svolta.

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 ALTE RNANZA S CUO LA- LAVOR O
Read Arianna’s report and match each paragraph with the correct description from the box.

A Further explain the assigned tasks and relative required competences.

B Give information about the company and the welcome you received.
C Indicate the required skills and competences.
D Specify what you have learned from this experience and give a final evaluation.
E Describe the tasks you were asked to carry out.
F Describe the way you performed the assigned tasks, how you felt and your relationship with your
colleagues and tutor.

My experience of Alternanza Scuola-Lavoro in a travel agency – Report

From January 29th to February 10th 2018, I had the opportunity to do my work experience at a travel agency
1 called Yucatan in Recanati. The agency was founded about 15 years ago by Sonia Beccacece, who decided to
turn her passion for travel into a profession, and to pass her enthusiasm on to her clients. Sonia then decided to
add two other people to her team: Anna, who later became her partner, and Grazia, the youngest member of the
company, who has been working with them for many years now. Three years ago, the travel agency moved to the
centre of Recanati, right next to the central square.
Upon arrival, I was immediately welcomed and made to feel perfectly comfortable by Anna and her team.
They explained the tasks I would be performing during the day, which included doing various research activities
(low-cost flights, hotels, transfers, etc.) in order to meet a request from a client.
Another task I did was to find various combinations of low-cost flights (with or without stopovers), airport-to-
2 hotel transfer solutions, cheap and non-budget hotels, and to find tourist villages in destinations such as Zanzibar,
Cuba, Greece and the Maldives. I also had the chance to observe the proposals that my colleagues provided
clients with, which included various routes and itineraries, tours using local transport, and advice on what to visit
(like museums, palaces and various islands). As soon as I could, I looked in catalogues, magazines and atlases
in order to better understand what they had proposed to clients, and I did some online research of my own to
deepen my geographical knowledge.
The search for flights and hotels was carried out through Expedia, but also through special sites such as Easy
book, Veratour and Eden Viaggi, which are dedicated online search engines created specifically for travel agencies.
I was very gratified to find that I was trusted to contact various travel companies personally, such as Costa
Crociere, Ryanair, and Amatrice Traghetti in order to get the information which we needed.
The main competences I needed, which turned out to be really useful, were my language competences and a
3
good knowledge of how to use a PC and the main Office programs.
In addition to the described tasks, I was almost always responsible for answering the telephone in the agency.
4 In the event of my colleagues not being able to take the call, I made a note of the client’s request and took their
name and telephone number so that they could be called back as soon as possible. I was also entrusted with various
bureaucratic tasks regarding the month of January and the beginning of February. Every time a reservation was
made and the customer paid a deposit, or paid the balance, a file was opened. My job was to organise everything
into the correct folders. In addition to this, I took care of customers who needed tickets for trains and buses between
Rome and Le Marche, looking for the various ticket options for them and then providing them with their tickets.
In this case, good organisational and communicative skills as well as having problem-solving and decision-making
attitudes were essential.
I tried to do all the tasks assigned to me by my colleagues, and I am very grateful for the way that they always
5 explained everything so clearly, and then trusted me to work autonomously. I had no difficulty in getting used to
the work environment, because the staff immediately made me feel at ease and were always ready to help me if I
needed them. My company tutor gave me a very warm welcome and offered every possible piece of advice about
the activities assigned to me.
This work experience helped me to be more focused on what I do, and I learned that it is vital to be very careful
6 to carry out duties efficiently. All the expectations that I had about the job were confirmed and I really enjoyed
all the tasks that I was assigned. It was a very interesting experience and I would have liked to have been able to
continue for longer, to further expand my knowledge and competences.
Arianna Cristallini – 4^ G Liceo Linguistico Leopardi, Macerata

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 E X AM PR AC TIC E

Phraseology • I am responsible for/in charge of handling

customer complaints/international bookings.
WRITING A COVERING LETTER / A CV
Reference to source Skills
• In response to your advertisement in… on…, • I believe I have the relevant skills for this position.
I would like to apply for the post/position of… • I have a European Computer Driving Licence
• I am writing to apply for the post/position of… which I obtained in 20..
which you advertised in…, on… • I am able to communicate well in…
• I would like to apply for the position of… • I have attended courses in… and have advanced
advertised today on your website. qualifications in…
• I found your advert for a… on www… and would • I have spent the last… years perfecting my… skills.
like to apply for the post. • I can speak… fluently.
• I read with interest your advertisement for a • I speak English very well and have recently passed
position of… at… the First Certificate in English exam with high
marks.
Qualifications/Education
Future expectations/Motivation
• I feel I am qualified to apply for the post as… In
fact… • The main reason I am looking for another job is
• I feel that I have the right combination of that I feel…
experience and qualifications for this type of • I am interested in this post because I wish to start
responsibility. a full-time career in the hospitality/travel agency
• As you can see on my CV I graduated from… sector.
with a degree in… • I am seeking challenging work which would
• I left school with a diploma in… enable me to use my skills and experience.
• I have a degree/diploma in…, from… • I am interested in this position because I share
• After obtaining a diploma in Tourism, I graduated your company’s commitment to responsible
from the University of… in Hospitality and tourism/customer satisfaction.
Tourism Management. • I am currently looking for a more challenging
• In 20.. I received a degree in Oriental Languages position where…
from the University of Venice. • This job would give me the opportunity to
broaden my experience in an international, fast-
Previous employment paced environment/develop my language skills.
• I am eager to broaden my experience.
• My first post was with… During my time with the
company I worked as a… Reference to enclosures/attachments
• This position enabled me to gain valuable
experience in… • I enclose/attach… references from my teacher/
• My experience of working as… has been good employers.
preparation for this position. • Please find enclosed/attached a copy of my CV
• I have always enjoyed working as part of a team and Cambridge CAE Certificate/Certificate of
and… Proficiency in French/Spanish/German…

Current employment Request for interview

• I am currently/presently working as/employed as • I hope my application will be considered favourably
a… by… and I look forward to being invited to an interview.
• In this post I have acquired… and learnt to… • I am confident that I have the necessary
I have also gained further experience in… qualifications for this post and welcome the
• For the last two years/Since graduating, I have opportunity for an interview.
been working for/as a… where I have been able to • I would welcome the chance to give you further
develop… details, should you decide to interview me.

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 ALTE RNANZA S CUO LA- LAVOR O
• I would appreciate an opportunity to meet you. To ask for repetition
• If you feel that my qualifications meet your
• I’m sorry, could you repeat the question, please?
requirements, I am available… • Could you repeat the last bit again, please?

PREPARING FOR A JOB INTERVIEW To ask for clarification

Possible questions • Could you explain what you mean by…?
• Tell me about yourself. • Do you mean…?
• Why do you want to work here? • Is that…?
• What makes you the right person for this job?
• Why do you want to leave your job? To get yourself time to think
• What did you learn during your work experience • Let me see…
that can help you with this job? • Let me think about it a moment… / Well…
• What extra-curricular activities did you do that
• That’s an interesting question.
you consider useful experience?
• Give me an example of an achievement in your life.
• What are your strengths/weaknesses? Vocabulary
• Where do you see yourself in five years’ time?
IN THE WORKPLACE
company/firm azienda
Possible answers
employee impiegato
• I am very interested in art and history. So about employer datore di lavoro
two years ago I got involved with the Pro Loco in maternity leave congedo di maternità
my town and have helped produce a new leaflet, in promotion promozione
English and Italian, about the history of our town. to resign licenziarsi
• I strongly believe in the ideals your company to retire andare in pensione
represents and I’d like to be part of a team with shifts turni
these values. sick leave permesso per malattia
• I believe that my excellent IT kills, developed staff personale
during my previous job, are ideal for this strike sciopero
administrative position. trainee tirocinante, apprendista
• During my work experience, I worked as part of a training course tirocinio, apprendistato
small team on a project and this helped me learn to employ/recruit/hire assumere
about listening and collaborating with others. to fire licenziare
• I was part of the Green Society involved in local to work overtime fare gli straordinari
environmental projects like cleaning the local wages/salary stipendio
beach, so I am used to hard, physical work.
• After three years, I’m looking for a more challenging Technology
position where I can build on my experience.
click on cliccare print stampare
• My main strength is how I deal with the public.
connect connettersi printer stampante
I have excellent interpersonal skills and can
copy copiare save salvare
develop a rapport with the people I meet.
delete cancellare screen schermo
• I think my main weakness is time management.
desk scrivania select selezionare
However, I’ve made improvements in this area by
download scaricare store immagazzinare
using a planner app which I consult every day.
drag trascinare turn on accendere
• I am a loyal and dedicated individual and believe
highlight evidenziare turn off spegnere
I would be suited to/for this job...
keyboard tastier type digitare
mouse mouse
To say that you don’t understand
• I’m sorry, I don’t understand the question.
• I’m sorry, I didn’t get the last bit of that question.

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Introduzione al Cambridge English:

First (FCE) for Schools
Il Cambridge English: First (FCE) for Schools corrisponde al livello B2 del Quadro Comune Europeo
di Riferimento. Per una completa descrizione dell’esame si può scaricare il materiale dal sito
www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams-and-qualifications/first.

L’esame è articolato in quattro papers:

• Paper 1 – R eading & Use of English: si divide in sette parti per un totale di 52 domande. Tempo di
durata: 1 ora e 15 minuti.
• Paper 2 – Writing: si divide in due parti. Tempo di durata: 80 minuti.
• Paper 3 – L istening: si divide in quattro parti per un totale di 30 domande. Tempo di durata: 40 minuti.
• Paper 4 – S peaking: si divide in quattro parti. Tempo di durata: 14 minuti per ogni coppia di candidati.

Il punteggio assegnato al primo paper (Reading & Use of English) rappresenta il 40% del punteggio totale; gli
altri 3 papers rappresentano ciascuno il 20% del punteggio totale. I voti di ciascun paper vengono sommati
insieme per determinare il voto totale.

PAPER 1 READING & USE OF ENGLISH 75 MINUTI

Part Tipologia di esercizio Numero di domande

1 Four-option multiple-choice cloze 8

Completare otto spazi in un breve testo scegliendo fra 4
opzioni date per ciascuno spazio.
2 Open cloze 8
Completare otto spazi in un breve testo con una parola per ogni
spazio.
3 Word formation 8
Completare otto spazi in un breve testo trasformando le parole
date nella forma corretta.
4 Key word transformation 6
Per ognuna delle sei coppie di frasi date, completare la seconda
frase inserendo da due a cinque parole in modo da non
modificarne il significato rispetto alla prima.
5 Multiple choice 6
Leggere un testo e rispondere a sei domande a scelta multipla
(4 opzioni).
6 Gapped text 6
Leggere un testo e completarlo con alcune frasi tolte dal testo e
fornite in ordine casuale.
7 Multiple matching 10
Abbinare dieci domande a quattro testi brevi che contengo le
relative informazioni.

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PAPER 2 WRITING 80 MINUTI

Part Tipologia di esercizio Numero di domande

1 Writing an essay 1 obbligatoria
Scrivere un saggio su un tema dato di interesse generale, (140-190 parole)
argomentando le opinioni fornite ed esprimendo la propria.
2 Writing a text 1 da scegliere fra 3
Scrivere un testo (un articolo, un’email/una lettera, un report, una (140-190 parole)
recensione) scegliendo una fra tre tracce date che contengono
indicazioni chiare sull’argomento, il contesto, lo scopo e il
destinatario del componimento.

PAPER 3 LISTENING 40 MINUTI

Part Tipologia di esercizio Numero di domande

1 Three-option multiple choice 8
Ascoltare otto brevi monologhi o dialoghi di circa 30 secondi
ciascuno e rispondere a una domanda a scelta multipla
(4 opzioni) per ciascun testo.
2 Sentence completion 10
Ascoltare un monologo di circa 3-4 minuti e completare dieci frasi date.
3 Multiple matching 5
Ascoltare cinque brevi monologhi di circa 30 secondi ciascuno e
abbinare i cinque speaker a cinque fra otto domande date.
4 Three-option multiple choice 7
Ascoltare un dialogo o un’intervista di circa 3-4 minuti e
rispondere a sette domande a scelta multipla (3 opzioni).

PAPER 4 SPEAKING 14 MINUTI

Part Tipologia di esercizio Tempo di durata

1 A conversation between the interlocutor and the candidate 2 minuti
Rispondere a turno alle domande standard dell’esaminatore
fornendo informazioni personali su situazioni presenti, esperienze
passate e programmi per il futuro.
2 An individual extended turn for each candidate with a brief response 4 minuti
from the second candidate
A turno, ciascun candidato osserva una coppia di immagini fornite
dall’esaminatore e le descrive, confrontandole fra loro e fornendo
opinioni in merito. Al termine del suo turno, il secondo candidato
risponde brevemente a una domanda dell’esaminatore collegata
alle immagini descritte dal primo candidato.
3 A two-way conversation between the candidates. 4 minuti
I due candidati devono sostenere una conversazione sulla base di
alcune istruzioni date e di stimoli scritti e/o visivi, scambiandosi
opinioni personali, esprimendo accordo o disaccordo, avanzando
suggerimenti e arrivando a un accordo per una decisione finale.
4 A discussion on topics 4 minuti
Discutere su un tema collegato a quanto già discusso in Part 3,
rispondendo ad alcune domande dell’esaminatore.

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Paper 1 – Practical tips

Part 1, page 62
Multiple-choice cloze
In Part One it is important to think about both the meaning and the grammar of the word as well as
collocations, for example:

1 The word missing here must be one that form a collocation with the word ‘holiday’.
2 The verb missing here must be again a common collocation with the word ‘holiday’.

Part 2, page 63
Open cloze
In Part Two you need to think about the grammar of the sentence and look out for missing auxiliary
verbs, prepositions, relative pronouns, linking words etc., for example:

10 This sentence presents a verb construction you should know.

11 This gap clearly needs a preposition: which one? Look at the verb form that follows.
15 You have to fill in this gap with a word to complete an expression you should know.

Part 3, page 64
Word formation
In Part Three you should always identify the part of speech which is missing (is it a noun, an adjective, an
adverb or a verb?). If it’s a noun, think about whether it should be in the singular or plural and if there is a
negative form, which fits better than the positive. What prefix can you add? If it’s an adjective or adverb
think if it should be positive or negative and which prefix you can add to make it negative. If it’s a verb
think about the subject it agrees with; is it singular or plural? Think about what it follows; should it be a
gerund or infinitive? Finally what tense should it be in? For example:

18 This is an adjective; it’s describing the route. What is the adjective referred to the noun ‘legend’?
23 Here you need a noun.
24 This sentence is passive: which form of the verb do you need?

Part 4, page 65
Key word transformations
The most important thing to remember in Part Four is to follow the instructions; do NOT change the
word given and only use between 2 and 5 words. Try to keep the second sentence as similar as possible
to the first one and be as consistent as possible with verb tenses. For example:

25 The first sentence is negative, how can you express a negative idea in the second sentence without
using ‘not’? What linking word can you use instead of ‘again’?
26 What expression with ‘wait’ means the same as ‘look forward’?
27 What do you need to change when you use ‘wish’?
28 Does the second sentence need to be positive or negative?
29 Do you need to change the verb? What form of the verb do you need?

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Paper 1 – Practical tips

Part 5, pages 66-67
Multiple choice
In Part Five you are being tested on your general understanding of the text and some of the specific
detailed information it includes. You are also being tested on your skills of working out the meaning of
words and phrases from the context as well as how well you understand referencing; that is using words
like ‘it’ and ‘that’ to refer to people or things. With multiple-choice questions it is important to read
the whole answer and not only look at individual words. Identify the part of the text which gives you
the answer and underline it. Think about synonyms for words in the text and ways to explain the same
information in different words. Finally remember there are often distractor answers which may contain
words from the text but incorrect information, for example, sometimes the answers say the opposite to
the text but contain some of the same words.

31 The key to the answer is in the first paragraph. What are the key words and expressions here? Underline
them.
33 Pay attention to the word ‘not’ underlined in the question.

Part 6, pages 68-69

Gapped text
In Part Six you are being tested on how well you understand the flow of a text and referencing; that is
referring to people and things using words like ‘it’ and ‘they’. You need to look carefully at the sentences
before and after the gap for clues as well as think about the sense of the whole paragraph. When
you have chosen the sentence which you think best fits each space, always read through the whole
paragraph to make sure it makes sense. For example:

7 Which could be the possible subject of the following sentence?

3
38 Which sentence continues to talk about ‘studying and learning’?
39 Which sentence provides a description of working on tours here?

Part 7, pages 70-71

Multiple matching
For Part Seven you need to use scanning skills. Read all the texts quickly to begin with so you know
what each is about then read the questions and underline key words. To find the correct answer scan the
texts for the information you have underlined in the questions. When you find the information underline
it so you will be able to check it again easily. Look for synonyms and expressions which have a similar
meaning to the words used in the question. Remember in this part the information is somewhere in the
text; that is, it is not true or false or multiple choice, you simply have to find it. For example:

43 The key words here are ‘open air’ and ‘wildlife’. Search for them or their synonyms in the texts.
45 Here you should search for references to a stressful job.
52 The words you could search for in the texts here would probably be ‘cheap’, ‘not expensive’, ‘low cost’ or
something similar.

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Paper 2 – Practical tips

Part 1, page 72
Question 1: writing an essay
1 Guidance:
• Begin your essay by referring to the general topic and the first question.
• Include all the indicated notes.
• Use simple and short sentences and read them again to check they’re correct.
• Be sure you have expressed your own idea.
• Check your work for accuracy, punctuation and spelling.

Part 2, page 73
Question 2: writing an article, a letter/email, a report, a review, a story, a set text (‘First for
Schools’ only)
2 Guidance:
• Begin with some basic information about your school. Include what it is like and where it is and its main
facilities.
• Include all the specific information required.
• Give your recommendation.
• End with greetings.
• Check your work for accuracy, punctuation and spelling.

3 Guidance:
• Make sure you have included the sentence from the rubric.
• Include interesting or useful descriptions and explanations.
• Use a range of narrative tenses.
• Include some dialogue in the story.
• Give your story a title.
• Try and engage the reader’s attention and interest.
• There should be a link between the story and the title.
• If you decide to take a light-hearted approach or a more serious one, maintain the same style throughout the
story.
• Check your work for accuracy, punctuation and spelling.

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Paper 2 – Practical tips

4 Guidance:
• Express your reaction to the news.
• Answer Thea’s question, making sure you cover all the points.
• Include interesting and useful descriptions and explanations.
• Tell something about landmarks and their culture and history.
• Include information about transport.
• Personalise your descriptions and add curious anecdotes, if possible.
• Suggest visiting some useful websites.
• Check your work for accuracy, punctuation and spelling.

5 Guidance:
• Set texts questions could be reviews, reports, letters, essays or articles.
• Stick to the question, avoid simply outlining the plot.
• Show the examiner that you know the performance well.
• Don’t attempt to answer the question if you are asked a question about the story that you hadn’t considered
before.
• Check your work for accuracy, punctuation and spelling.

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Paper 3 – Practical tips

Part 1, page 74
Multiple choice
• Read and listen to each question carefully.
• Highlight the key words in the situation/question and think about what you might hear.
• After each question decide your answer before looking at the options.
• Pay attention to negatives and conditionals which may try to mislead you.
• Use the second listening to check your answer.

For example:
2 Search for something negative while listening to this description.
3 The question is about feelings. Listen carefully and pay attention to intonation and exclamations too.

Part 2, page 75
Sentence completion
The questions are answered in order in the listening text.
• Make sure what you write fits the space grammatically.
• Although marks are not deducted for spelling, try to spell the words correctly.
• While you are waiting for the listening, begin to look at the spaces and predict what kind of information is
needed in the space: is it a number, an adjective, a verb, etc.?
• You will hear the piece twice. After the first time, study the questions you haven’t managed to answer. What
did you hear which might go in the spaces?
• When you have finished, check your answers. Do they make sense, or are they obviously wrong?

For example:
9 Look for the reason why Stonehenge was built.
10 Think about the word ‘worship’.

Part 3, page 76
Multiple matching
• Read the instructions carefully to find out what topic the speakers will be talking about.
• Read the topics A-H and try to predict ideas or words you expect to hear.
• In the first listening decide on your answers.
• Use the second listening to check your answers.
• Remember that if one answer is wrong, it could mean that most of the other answers are in the wrong place.
• Remember that this part can be confusing because sometimes a word in one option may appear in more
than one extract. You need to focus on the differences between the speakers.

Part 4, page 77
Multiple choice
• Read the instructions carefully to find out what topic the speakers will be talking about.
• Before you listen, read the topic sentences and try to predict ideas or words you expect to hear.
• Use the first listening to decide on your answers.
• Use the second listening to check your answers.

For example:
24 The key word here is ‘when’. Concentrate on that.
25 The adjective ‘important’ or a synonym should be listened for here.

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Paper 4 – Practical tips

Part 1, page 78
Conversation
• Answer the questions as fully as you can; do not only reply ‘yes’ or ‘no’ but explain why and give examples
where appropriate.
• Always answer the question the examiner asks you. If you don’t understand ask them to repeat it.
• Do not give pre-prepared answers.

Part 2, pages 79-81

Individual ‘long turn’
• Make sure you answer the question and, if possible, use the words on the paper in your answer, for example in
this test use ‘nature’ and make sure you explain why these people have chosen the places shown in the photos.
‘I think these people have chosen these places...’
• Make sure you continue to speak for the full minute. You will lose marks if you finish too soon.
• Make sure you compare the photos and do not talk about them individually.
• Use linking expressions, for example, both photos show... however, while, whereas...

Part 3, pages 82-83

Two-way conversation
In this part it is very important that you have a discussion with your partner and interact together.
• Ask your partner what they think and always try to respond to what they say.
• Use expressions like I agree, you’re right, that’s true or I don’t agree with you, perhaps, but...
• Make sure you talk for the full 3 minutes.
• Make sure you move the conversation on to include as many of the pictures as possible and make some
conclusions during your discussion.

Part 4, pages 82-83

Discussion
In this part you will be asked your opinion about the topic you discussed in Part 3.
• Like with Part 1 make sure you answer the question you are asked and give full answers.
• Explain why you think something and give examples where appropriate.
• If you don’t understand ask the examiner to repeat the question.
• If you don’t know what to say use fillers like, well, that’s a difficult question to give yourself time to think.
• Try not to answer by saying I don’t know.

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Part 1

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
There is an example at the beginning (0).

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Example:

0 A save B keep C store D guard

0 A B C D

Cheaper holidays

We can (0) ............... money on all aspects of our holiday, from where and when to go to how to
get to and from the airport; here are some tips on how to get the most for your money when
(1) ............... a holiday.

For the best deals (2) ............... your holiday between the high and low seasons; you could save
up to 70% on some holiday resorts while still enjoying good weather and other high season
(3) ............... and there will be fewer crowds.

You can also save money by going somewhere where living costs are (4) ............... . It might cost
more to get there but once you are there you will spend less on eating out and getting around
as food and transport will be (5) ............... cheaper.

And start saving before you even leave the country by choosing the most cost effective way to
the airport. There are many bus services from (6) ............... cities to airports which are cheaper
than trains. If you go by train book well in advance to get cheaper tickets and if you do decide
to go by car, book your carparking as soon as possible; some airports offer up to 50%
(7) ............... for early bookings.

Finally, make sure you research all the available options on-line. Signing up to email (8) ...............
can be a good idea as then you will be the first to know about cheap offers. The earlier you
book the better the bargains are likely to be.

1 A deciding B choosing C agreeing D electing

2 A book B ask for C order D buy
3 A pros B advantages C favours D drawbacks
4 A lower B smaller C poorer D greater
5 A largely B obviously C quite D significantly
6 A main B important C great D major
7 A under B below C off D over
8 A alarms B warnings C news D alerts

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Part 2

For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one
word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example: 0 HAVE

Thieves in the safari park

Visitors to Hampton Safari Park (0) ............... been warned not to enter the monkey enclosure
(9) ............... they have roof cases on their cars as the monkeys (10) ............... likely to open them and
steal the contents. The animals appear to have worked out a way (11) ............... unlocking the cases
by jumping on them; they even seem to have been working together in groups to do it.

One family said they knew they couldn’t get out of the car and so could only watch in horror
(12) ............... the monkeys ran away with all their holiday clothes and disappeared up trees with
everything from bikinis to shoes. One young monkey (13) ............... seen holding onto a child’s teddy
bear.

Keepers at the safari park said the monkeys had broken into (14) ............... than ten roof cases at the
beginning of the summer holidays. (15) ............... a result they have now set up an alternative route
for cars with luggage on the roof (16) ............... they can avoid the thieving monkeys.

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Part 3

For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the
lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).

Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

Example: 0 S P I R I T UA L

The Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela

Every year, two hundred thousand pilgrims walk for hundreds

of kilometres to the Sanctuary at Santiago de Compostela. The
journey they make is (0) ...................... , rich in tradition, and passes SPIRIT
through (17) ...................... landscape. PHENOMENON

The most (18) ...................... pilgrims’ route is the one which starts in LEGEND
France, leaving from Roncevaux (Navarre) and arriving in Santiago.
It is 800 kilometres long and crosses the Pyrenees mountains.
The oldest path is the northern route which follows the
(19) ...................... coast of Spain with its rias, or drowned river SPECTACLE
valleys, unique to this part of the world. To show the way, the path
is (20) ...................... with pictures of yellow scallop shells on blue MARK
backgrounds which symbolise the pilgrims.

In the past, pilgrims (21) ...................... to Santiago followed a route WALK

marked by the Milky Way. These (22) ...................... pilgrims included EARLY
Saint Frances of Assisi (1182-1226), the Patron saint of Italy. In
1989, Pope John Paul II went to Santiago to meet a (23) ...................... CONGREGATE
of over half a million young people who had gathered there
from all over the world. Today, pilgrims who make the journey
receive a credencial, a certificate stating that they are making the
pilgrimage. Once they reach Santiago they are (24) ...................... the AWARD
‘Compostela’, a certificate in Latin which declares that they have
completed the pilgrimage. Just like passing an exam!

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Part 4

For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first
sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five
words, including the word given. Here is an example (0).

Example:

0 Our neighbour took us into town.

TAKEN

We ……………………………………….........................………… our neighbour.

The gap can be filled by the words ‘were taken into town by’, so you write

Example: 0 WE R E TAKEN I NTO T OWN BY

Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet.

25 I’ll never go to that restaurant again.

LAST

That’s ……………………………………….........................………… I will ever go to that restaurant.

26 I’m really looking forward to my holidays.

WAIT

I ……………………………………….........................………… my holidays to come.

27 I regret saying such nasty things.

WISH

I ……………………………………….........................………… such nasty things.

28 It was a mistake to invest in property that year.

SHOULD

John ……………………………………….........................………… in property that year.

29 They are collecting money to build a children’s hospital.

BEING

Money ……………………………………….........................………… to build a children’s hospital.

30 We repaired the roof to stop it from leaking.

SO

We repaired the roof ……………………………………….........................………… leak.

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Part 5

You are going to read an article about the green and innovative city of Curitiba in Brazil. For
questions 31-36 choose the answer(A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

One city which has always had the environment as its top priority is the Brazilian city of Curitiba. It is in the
south of the country and is one of the most innovative cities in the world. It is so environmentally-friendly
it is known as the ecological capital of Brazil. The people in Curitiba are very proud of their city and not
only believe in a greener lifestyle but they really live it. Sustainable development is evident in all aspects
of city life.

Residents have planted 1.6 million trees and over 70% of all waste is recycled. Curitiba has the highest rate
of paper and glass recycling of anywhere in Brazil. Paper recycling in Curitiba saves over 1,000 trees a year.
Like many cities in the world Curitiba also faces many socio-economic problems but because it is such
a unique and forward-thinking city the residents came up with a revolutionary idea to help poor families
and reduce waste at the same time. Each family sorts its rubbish and then it is weighed and ‘sold’ back
to the city council in exchange for fruit and meat. This provides healthy food for those who can’t afford it
and also encourages recycling and helps keep the city clean and tidy. Rubbish which cannot be recycled
is burnt to make electricity.

The city’s public transport is also one of the greenest in the world. The bus service is cheap and efficient
and saves millions of car journeys each year as you can use the buses to get anywhere in the city. There
are over 70 kilometres of bus-only routes through the city. Roads have 4 lanes, 2 for cars and lorries and
2 for buses only. This means buses can run freely through the city without getting stuck in traffic jams. As
a result millions of people use the bus every day rather than their cars. The best thing, though, is that the
1,200 buses which make up the network run on biodiesel; that is fuel made from plants like soya. Reduced
car traffic and low consumption of traditional fuels means that Curitiba is one of the least polluted cities
in Brazil.

Curitiba has grown dramatically over the years. In 1950 300,000 people lived there, now the population is
1.8 million. The architect who led the city’s growth in the 1960s was so popular he later became the city’s
mayor. One big challenge that the city has faced throughout its development is flooding. The city has had
to find ways to protect itself from flooding which has affected the city centre for many years. Curitiba
wanted to find a solution which worked with nature. The solution they came up with involved creating a
number of lakes in the city’s parks which could hold flood water. Also no buildings were allowed to be built
in areas which had a risk of flooding. One of the most beautiful buildings in the city is the university. It is
called the Free University of Environment and was built using recycled eucalyptus poles. You can study a
wide range of subjects there although of course it offers many different environmental courses, including
bio-architecture.

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31 Why is Curitiba known as the ecological capital of Brazil?

A It is a very modern and new city.
B It has a lot of green spaces.
C The people there do a lot to protect and conserve the environment.
D It is visited by lots of foreigners interested in the environment.

32 What does the author mean in line 9 when it says the residents ‘came up with a revolutionary
idea’?
A Their idea made a lot of people angry.
B Their idea was original and different.
C Their idea caused a lot of political change.
D Their idea made a lot of money for the city.

33 Which of the following does not happen in Curitiba?

A Families separate their household waste.
B Residents are given food as a reward for recycling their rubbish.
C Residents help to keep the city clean and tidy.
D Recycled waste is used to produce electricity.

34 Why don’t many people in Curitiba use cars?

A Because the public transport system is so efficient.
B Because there are too many traffic jams.
C Because many roads in the city are for buses only.
D Because fuel is very expensive.

35 Why does Curitiba have less pollution than other cities?

A It is smaller than other cities.
B Cars use fuel which doesn’t cause pollution.
C People don’t use cars much and buses use fuel which doesn’t cause much pollution.
D There are only 1,200 buses in the city.

36 How did the city solve the problem of flooding?

A by building fewer buildings
B by making sure there were lots of lakes
C by creating more parks
D They didn’t do anything but hoped nature would solve the problem itself.

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Part 6

You are going to read an article in which stage manager Adam James talks about his work in
technical theatre. Six sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A-G
the one which fits each gap (37-42). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Technical theatre

I was 12 years old when I first saw a show in my stressful as you have to keep track of where
local leisure centre. I was fascinated by the fact everyone is for health and safety reasons and
that everything came in about ten lorries and monitor everything that goes on back stage
they basically built a theatre from scratch. and keep to time. Then once the show is over
37 you have to check everything and make a note
I got to know some of the people working on of everything that needs repairing or re-doing
the stage management team and they let me before the next performance.
shadow them while they worked. I met the
stage manager and after watching the team After a couple of years touring I decided to
work and talking to him I decided that was return to London and go to college to study
what I wanted to do as a job. I didn’t know technical theatre. I studied for a year but I
anything about work in the theatre industry realised that it wasn’t very useful to me. I had
so I started studying and learning about the learnt a lot more from my years working. I felt
job. 38 However, what I really wanted like I was already established in the industry so
was to get involved and start working as part I decided to leave college and got a job in a
of a stage management team. Once I was 14 theatre. When finding work in technical theatre
I managed to get some work experience and first-hand experience is much more important
I started to miss school sometimes and go to than qualifications. 41 I did some more
work at the theatre instead. freelance work in London for a while and now I
work for a production company.
I left school when I was 16 and because I had
quite a lot of experience I was able to get a job You can have up to 20 people working on any
as an assistant stage manager in a theatre in one performance so there’s a real team spirit.
London. I worked there for about a year and There are people working in lighting, sound,
then did some freelance work in Cornwall and wardrobe, wigs, props, carpentry and stage
went on tours around the country. 39 management. Apart from the technical side
Working on tour was intense but really good we also have to look after the actors. As stage
fun. A typical Monday would see us arrive at manager it’s my job to meet and greet the cast
about 8 o’clock in the morning and open up the on their first day and make sure they know
lorries. We would have some coffee and then where everything is and have everything they
when everyone had arrived we would spend need. The hardest thing I’ve ever had to do was
the day building the show. In the afternoon try to control 2,500 primary school children.
the cast would arrive and I would show them I really like what I do. There are of course a
around so they knew where they could make number of disadvantages; I don’t like the hours
quick costume changes and things like that. and the disruption to my personal life that
40 Once the show had started it was working evenings can cause. 42
just a case of watching and supervising and But I would highly recommend it to others; it’s
letting the show happen around us. As stage very enjoyable and always different; you never
manager I was always the first and the last have the same day twice and there’s something
person on stage. Working on tour can be very exciting and beautiful about live theatre.

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A The more I found out about E Working in a large theatre is much more
technical theatre the more interested difficult because there are so many
I became. more people to organise.

B Also there’s quite a lot of instability and F The work was quite sporadic but the
insecurity to the job and the money is money was good; in one month I could
not always good. earn enough to last me six months.

C While the cast were getting ready G Theatres are looking for people with
we would get on with any necessary proven ability and who know what they
maintenance jobs. are doing, and what interests them the
most on your CV is your last job.

D I was very curious as I watched the

whole thing being put together and I
found it hugely exciting.

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 F I R ST (FC E) PR AC T ICE

Part 7

You are going to read a magazine article about four different campers. For questions 43-52,
choose from the people (A-D). The people may be chosen more than once.

Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Which person or people:

likes being in the open air surrounded by wildlife? 43

gives an example of people working together to solve a difficult situation? 44

doesn’t want to meet the people he/she works with when on holiday? 45

mentions something you can’t do on campsites? 46

has enjoyed camping for many years? 47

likes to make last-minute decisions about where to go on holiday? 48

talks about making friends while staying at campsites? 49 50

has been to the same campsite more than once? 51

sees price as a main priority? 52

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 R EA DING AND US E O F E NG L IS H

The Joys of Camping

Camping has been a popular choice for holiday accommodation for a long time but it seems that now
its popularity is on the increase. Kate Reilly speaks to 4 dedicated campers and finds out why they
prefer to pitch their tents or park their camper vans rather than stay in hotels or rent apartments.

A Ben: a teacher C Cathy: finance director

For Ben the most important thing is to find Cathy is looking for a contrast from her
a cheap and affordable option during the stressful working life when she goes on
busy school holidays. ‘Because I have to go holiday. She says, ‘I love being outside and the
away during the peak season when all the freedom camping offers. I spend all day in the
schools are on holiday it’s often difficult to office when I’m at work and have to be very
find cheap hotel deals or holiday flats for rent,’ organised to meet tight deadlines, so when
he explains. In addition to this he enjoys the I’m on holiday I like to be in the fresh air and
flexibility camping offers. ‘I’m not that good be able to do exactly what I want when I want;
at planning ahead and like to be spontaneous camping is perfect for that. Of course there are
with my travel plans. The fact that it’s not some rules you have to respect like you’re not
usually necessary to pre-book to stay at a allowed to make noise after 11 or 12 at night but
campsite suits me very well. I also like that I like that. I love going to sleep listening to the
I can go away to more obscure and remote insects in the trees or the waves on the beach.’
places and get away from the students I spend
all year in the classroom with.

B Eli and Catriona: doctor and medical D Melissa and Stefano: salon manager and
researcher marketing director
Eli and Catriona explain why camping is the For Melissa and Stefano it is the friendly
perfect holiday for families. ‘We used to go atmosphere that means they keep going
camping when we were much younger, before back to campsites year after year. ‘We’ve
we had children and loved it but now we have travelled around the whole of Europe in our
the boys it makes even more sense. There camper van and every year we meet so many
are so many child-friendly campsites with interesting people and make friends with
swimming pools and special activities for kids. people from all over the world.
It’s so nice for them to have lots of space to Everyone is always so helpful when you stay on
run around in and other children to play with. a campsite. If you need to borrow something
It also means we have time to ourselves to like matches your neighbours will always help
really relax. We’ve actually been to the same you out.
campsite for 2 years in a row now as we all had One year we got the back wheels of the
such a good time there the first year. camper van stuck in the sand and it took ten
The boys are still in touch with friends they of our new neighbours to help push it out.
made there last year so we might well go back Everyone came rushing over to help as soon as
again this year too.’ they saw there was a problem and most of us
didn’t even speak the same language.
It was a wonderful feeling; you don’t get that in
hotels.’

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 F I R ST (FC E) PR AC T ICE

Part 1

You must answer this question. Write your answer in 140–190 words in an appropriate style on the
separate answer sheet.

1 In your English class you have been talking about communication among teenagers. Now your
English teacher has asked you to write an essay for homework.

Write your essay using all the notes and giving reasons for your point of view.

Teenagers are more confident talking to each other via smartphones than face-to-face.
Do you agree?

Notes
Write about:

1. not having a smartphone

2. friendship
3. ...................................... (your own idea)

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 WRIT IN G

Part 2

Write an answer to one of the questions 2–5 in this part. Write your answer in 140–190 words in an
appropriate style on the separate answer sheet. Put the question number in the box at the top of
the answer sheet.

2
The teachers at your school have complained that many students are spending too much
time using the Internet to visit social networking sites and chat rooms. They have asked the
Head teacher to disconnect the Internet from the school’s computer room as they feel it is
not an appropriate use of school equipment.
Write a report to the Head teacher explaining why internet access should be available to the
students. Make some suggestions about ways in which internet access can be controlled.

Write your report.

3 You have decided to enter a short story competition. The rules of the competition say that
you must begin with the words:

John woke up one morning to see a large hole in the wall where his wardrobe used to be.

Write your story.

4 You have received this email from your English-speaking friend Thea.

From: Thea
Subject: touring holiday

Some friends of mine are visiting your area for a week’s holiday. They would like to
travel around and learn about your local area and its culture and history.
What are the main places they could visit? What’s the best way to travel around –
car, bike, train, coach… ?
Thanks,
Thea

Write your email.

5 You recently saw this notice in a magazine called The Theatre Goer.

When did you last go to the theatre? What did you see and what was it like?
Write a review and tell us what you thought of the acting and the scenery.
The most entertaining reviews will win two free tickets to next month’s show!

Write your review.

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 F I R ST (FC E) PR AC T ICE

Part 1

9 You will hear people talking in eight different situations.

For questions 1-8, choose the best answer (A, B or C).

1 You hear a woman talking about a young man.

What is her relationship to him?
A his mother
B his teacher
C his neighbour 1

2 You hear a man talking about a house.

Why did he decide not to buy it?
A It was too expensive.
B It wasn’t big enough.
C It was too far away. 2

3 You hear someone talking about a concert they went to.

How did they feel about the concert?
A It was too short.
B She enjoyed it.
C The music was disappointing. 3

4 You hear somebody talking about a trip they are about to take.
Why are they going?
A on business
B on holiday
C for a family wedding 4

5 You hear a television quiz programme.

How much does the contestant win?
A nothing
B ten thousand pounds
C two thousand pounds 5

6 You hear somebody buying a train ticket.

What kind of ticket do they buy?
A a single
B a fixed return
C an open return 6

7 You hear a young woman talking about her decision to leave home.
Why did she decide to leave home?
A because of her relationship with her parents
B to be nearer to work
C because she wanted to live with a friend 7

8 You hear a radio advertisement.

What is it advertising?
A a soft drink
B a holiday
C a pizza restaurant 8

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 LIS T E N IN G

Part 2

10 You will hear an expert talking about the mystery surrounding the origins of Stonehenge.
For questions 9-18, complete the sentences.

STONEHENGE

Archaeologists have been attempting to find out why Stonehenge was

9 for centuries.

They have wondered over whether it could have been an area dedicated to
10

A team of experts believe that the 11 circle of stones originated from

as far away as Wales.

A geomorphologist thought it was highly improbable that Bronze Age man had
12 the stones to Stonehenge.

The Oxford Journal of Archaeology made the assumption that the bluestones had been torn away by
13

The Cursus are avenues of long ago which 14 the area encircling the
stones.

A team of archeologists discovered a particle of an 15 while excavating

an ancient burial site.

The theory that the Cursus might have been a chariot 16 in Roman
times was abandoned when it was found out it dated much further back.

It is thought that the stones were transferred to the middle of the site from the
17 in 2300 BC.

When Stonehenge was first built, the number of 18 from Wales may
have been as many as fifty-six.

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 F I R ST (FC E) PR AC T ICE

Part 3

11 You will hear five different people talking about holidays they have had. For questions 19–23,
choose from the list (A–H), what each person says about the holidays. Use the letters only once.
There are three extra letters which you do not need to use.

A spent a long time planning the holiday.

Speaker 1 19
B regrets spending a lot of money.

Speaker 2 20
C was disappointed with the hotel.
Speaker 3 21
D had an accident during the holiday.

Speaker 4 22
E enjoyed a very luxurious hotel.

Speaker 5 23
F went somewhere interesting.

G searched for a cheap accommodation.

H had a very long holiday.

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 LIS T E N IN G

Part 4

12 You will hear an interview with a psychologist about sharing houses. For questions 24-30,
choose the best answer (A, B or C).

24 When do most people share accommodation?

A When they leave home.
B When they are invited to.
C When they are having problems.

25 According to Dr. Millington, what is an important thing to do when sharing a flat?

A to share food
B to have established rules
C to be sociable

26 What is the most common problem with sharing accommodation?

A paying bills
B meal times
C being clean

27 What problem with rotas is mentioned?

A They are too obvious.
B You have to pay for them.
C Circumstances can change.

28 What does she say about having your own space?
A It’s haven.
B It’s tough.
C It’s important.

29 What can be a problem with living with friends?

A You could have an argument.
B You trust them too much.
C It feels strange.

30 What is a fundamental requirement of sharing a flat?

A being considerate
B liking the same music
C enjoying parties

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 F I R ST (FC E) PR AC T ICE

Part 1

Part 1
2 minutes (3 minutes for groups of three)

Good morning/afternoon/evening. My name is .......................... and this is my colleague ............................ .

And your names are?

Can I have your mark sheets, please?

Thank you.

First of all we’d like to know something about you.

• Where are you from, (Candidate A)?

• And you, (Candidate B)?
• What do you like about living (here / name of candidate’s home town)?
• And what about you (Candidate A/B)?

Select one or more questions from any of the following categories, as appropriate.

Special occasions
• What special occasions do you celebrate?
• Do you normally celebrate them with friends or family? Why?
• Tell us about a festival or celebration in your country.
• How do you celebrate your birthday? What did you do on your last birthday?
• Are you going to do anything special this weekend? (What? Where?)

Media
• How much TV do you watch in a week? What do you usually watch?
• Tell us about a TV programme you particularly like and the reason why.
• Do you use the Internet every day? How many hours a day? What for?
• Do you ever listen to the radio? What programmes do you like? Why?
• Do you usually read newspapers? How often?

Travel and holidays

• Tell us about a special place you’ve visited.
• Is there anywhere in the world you’d really like to visit? (Where? Why?)
• Do you like to spend your holiday in the same place each year or do you prefer to go
somewhere different each year?
• Do you prefer going on holiday in the summer or winter? Why?
• What do you like to do when you’re on holiday?

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 S P E AKIN G

Part 2

Part 2
4 minutes (6 minutes for groups of three)

Interlocutor In this part of the test, I’m going to give each of you two photographs. I’d like
you to talk about your photographs on your own for about a minute, and also to
answer a question about your partner’s photographs.
(Candidate A), it’s your turn first. Here are your photographs. They show people
enjoying nature.
Look at p. 80
I’d like you to compare the photographs, and say why you think the people have
chosen to spend time in these places.
All right?

Candidate A
 1 minute ….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........…....

Interlocutor Thank you.

(Candidate B), do you like looking at wildlife?

Candidate B
 approximately ….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........…....
30 seconds

Interlocutor Thank you. Now, (Candidate B), here are your photographs. They show people
spending time outside in different situations.
Look at p. 81
I’d like you to compare the photographs, and say what you think the people are
enjoying about spending time outside in these situations.
All right?

Candidate B
 1 minute ….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........…....

Interlocutor Thank you.

(Candidate A), which of these things would you prefer to do? … (Why?)

Candidate A
 approximately ….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........….....…….........…....
30 seconds

Interlocutor Thank you.

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Part 2

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 S P E AKIN G

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 F I R ST (FC E) PR AC T ICE

Parts 3-4

Part 3 4 minutes (5 minutes for groups of three)

21 Technology
Part 4 4 minutes (6 minutes for groups of three)

Part 3

Interlocutor Now, I’d like you to talk about something together for about two minutes.
(3 minutes for groups of three)

A university wants to carry out a survey on technology. Here are some ideas and a
questions for you to discuss. First you have some time to look at the task.
(The interlocutor will show the candidates the page with Task 21 and will allow 15 seconds.)

Now, talk to each other about how important these technological devices are in
people’s everyday lives.

Candidate
 2 minute .....................................................................................................................................................................

Interlocutor Thank you. Now you have about a minute to decide which two devices it would be
most difficult to live without.

Candidate B
 1 minute .....................................................................................................................................................................

Part 4

Interlocutor Use the following questions, in order, as appropriate:

• Which of these is most important for you? Why?

• What other machines could people not live without?
• Do you think people rely too much on machines these days?
• Some people say machines make our lives more complicated rather than simpler.
What do you think?
• Why do you think some people always like to have the latest and best machines?
• Sometimes machines don’t work properly or break down.
What problems can this cause?
• Do you think we will have robots in our homes in the future to do all the
housework for us? (Do you think this would be a good thing?)

Select any of the following prompts, as appropriate:

• What do you think?

• Do you agree?
• And you?

Thank you. That is the end of the test.

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 smartphone Which two digital camera
technological devices

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would it be most
difficult to live
without?

tablet watchphone

ebook reader

Speaking
S P E AKIN G

73
 T O UR I SM PHR ASEOLOGY

Writing an email or letter Brochures

OPENING AND CLOSING SALUTATIONS • The perfect opportunity to experience life as a

local with our limited tour of…
Opening salutations Closing salutations • Discover a colourful, magical place filled with…
FORMAL UK Dear Mr/Ms Yours sincerely, / Best/ • Marvel at the incredible nature as you wander
Fordham, Kind regards, / Regards, through the uncontaminated forest.
Dear Sir/Madam, / Yours faithfully, / Yours • A myriad of surprises await you on board our ship.
Dear Sirs, truly, / Best/Kind • Admire the spectacular sunsets from your balcony,
regards, / Regards, while sipping a cocktail.
US Dear Mr/Ms Sincerely, / Sincerely • Explore the underground/underwater treasures in
Fordham, yours, / Yours cordially, /
this truly amazing place
Cordially, / Best/Kind
regards, / Regards,
Gentlemen: / To Truly yours, / Very truly Writing circular letters and
whom it may yours, / Best/Kind
concern: regards, / Regards, newsletters
INFORMAL UK/ Dear Best wishes, / Attracting attention
US Jack/Jennifer, All the best,
• Are you looking for…?
• Are you planning your next holiday?
BODY OF THE LETTER • Are you/your clients fed up with…?
• I am writing in relation to/to enquire about… • Tired/Bored of the same…?
• Many thanks for your letter of 17th September • Have you ever wanted to try/experience/see…?
20.. • Have you ever thought about…?
• With reference to your letter dated 11th • We know you/your customers expect the best/are
November 20.. looking for something special.
• We are one of the largest groups of hotels/resorts in… • Experience the delights/wonders/natural beauty of…
• Our company specialises in… • Given that adventure holidays/beach holidays
• Enclosed you will find our latest brochure for in South East Asia/the USA are the latest trend,
winter sun holidays. we’re sure your clients will love our new proposal.
• We would be grateful if you could… • We believe you will be interested in our new offer/
• We hope to welcome you to our hotel/on board package/guided tour.
one of our cruises in the near future.
• Thanking you in advance for your kind assistance… Giving details
• Please do not hesitate to contact us. • We would like to draw your attention to…
• We look forward to hearing from you. • We are delighted to tell you about…
• Looking forward to receiving a prompt reply. • It is with great pleasure that we announce…
• We have added three more guided tours for the
Writing promotional texts/ next season.
adverts • The accommodation has been carefully selected
to offer you the best in local hospitality.
LEAFLETS AND BROCHURES • Dedicated to the younger members of the family/
Leaflets the winter sports enthusiasts, we have developed…
• Another excellent/unique aspect is…
• A great day out for all the family.
• Don’t forget that we also include a free wine
• A unique place, something for everyone.
tasting session/guided tour of the castle.
• There’s so much to see and do.
• What makes this special/different/excellent value
• The ultimate adventure park experience.
for money/appealing is that…
• A magnificent day out.
• Explore Italy’s greatest museum/archeological
Referring to prices and special deals
site/art gallery.
• As you can see, the prices are extremely reasonable.

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• Book now and enjoy our early-bird discount of Highlights/Features
15%.
• The most important/outstanding attractions/
• Bookings made before the end of the month
features are the…
qualify for a £250 discount.
• It is ideal for/It is a paradise for/It is a mecca for
• There are several pricing options available to
sport lovers/nature enthusiasts.
satisfy all your customers.
• It attracts those interested in modern architecture/
• As one of our valued customers, we are delighted
local history.
to offer you a 10% discount.
• It offers a wide variety of activities for children/
• This special introductory offer is available until
nature walks.
30th June.
• It is really worth seeing the caves/visiting the
lighthouse.
Presenting a company
History/Culture
• Our company has been flying people around the
world since 1980. • It is popular/It is well known for its portrayal of life
• Founded in 1997, we have over twenty years’ in the 16th century.
experience in rail travel. • It was built in/It dates back to 1495/the 18th century.
• For more than fifty years, we have provided our • The museum hosts/houses a unique collection of
customers with the top in luxury travel. artefacts/war memorabilia/cooking implements.
• The second largest airline/ferry/cruise company in • The building, designed by…, is now used as a…
the UK.
• We are one of the largest … in Europe. Nature
• With a fleet of over 50 aircraft/ships, we… • It is surrounded by vineyards and orchards/
• Our headquarters are in … with offices located incredible scenery.
across the globe/North America. • The 360° view from the summit/cable car/boat is
• We offer passengers the best in low cost air/rail awesome.
travel. • The unspoilt countryside is/The unspoilt woods/
• We provide a professional and reliable service, marshes are home to a variety of wildlife.
with highly experienced staff who are ready to • It is possible to see several species of protected/rare
help make your dream holiday come true. birds.
• We are part of the international group...
• We were the first airline/car rental company to be
awarded… Presenting accommodation
DESCRIBING PLACES TO STAY
Describing a destination Location
WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS FOR • a stone’s throw away from
A DESTINATION • ideally/perfectly/conveniently positioned/placed/
Location located for
• close to/near/just across from/opposite
• It is situated/It is located on the top of/at the edge • five minutes’ walk/drive from
of/at the foot of a mountain. • set in the heart of
• It is perched on the side of a hill. / It is nestled in • within walking distance of
a secluded valley. • surrounded by delightful gardens/countryside
• Right in the city centre, this museum/building is
easy to reach on foot. Rooms and facilities
• The park is about two miles from the town centre.
• About an hour’s drive away/from the city, you can • light/airy/elegant rooms
find the wonderful… • standard rooms/cabins will comfortably
accommodate up to four adults
• sheltered/shady/grass pitches

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 T O UR I SM PHR ASEOLOGY
• excellent onsite facilities • I’d like to know if…
• fully equipped kitchen with all new appliances • Can you give me some more details about the
• large living room with a log burner/an open fireplace destination/accommodation?
• double glazing and central heating • Does your offer also include…?
• refined cuisine/fine dining options
• meals made with organic locally sourced ingredients Closing and thanking
• a delicious array of fresh breads and pastries
• We look forward to hearing from you/receiving
• bicycles/umbrellas/board games at guests’ disposal
your reply.
• Hoping for a prompt reply.
Style and atmosphere
• Thank you for your help/assistance,
• romantic/cosy/thatched cottage
• reminiscent of an estate in the tropics/a WRITTEN REPLIES
Mediterranean seaside village/a mountain chalet
Opening paragraph/reference to enquiry
• full of character
• elegant and stylish • Many thanks for your letter/enquiry/email/fax of…
• contemporary/urban chic • In reply to/With reference to your letter/enquiry/
• traditional/exotic charm email/fax of…
• furnished with antiques
• tastefully decorated Answering and providing information
• carefully restored • As you can see, our hotel is ideally suited to
• peaceful/relaxing oasis families.
• low key and laidback • Please find enclosed/attached our brochure/
• family fun and entertainment pricelist.
• unforgettable holiday filled with fun and adventure • We are pleased to inform you that we have just
opened a new hotel/added five new destinations.
Enquiries and replies • We are sure your customers will also appreciate
our new spa/swimming pool/fitness room.
WRITTEN ENQUIRIES • We would also like to take this opportunity to
Source of address/information inform you about…
• Our hotels/holidays/tours are the perfect way to
• We were given your name by… relax.
• We have seen your advertisement in the latest • Please be informed that we offer two different
edition of… holiday packages that would be perfect for this/
• Your travel agency/company was recommended to suit your needs.
me/us by… of…
• I received your address from… Questions

Information about the writer’s company • When are you planning on travelling?
• Have you thought of…?
• Our travel agency has been operating since… • Can I suggest going to/visiting…?
• We have a series of luxury country hotels…
• Our company is specialised in religious tours and Making suggestions
pilgrimages
• Why don’t you consider hiring a car for a few days?
Reason for writing/specific request • You could have Florence as your base and then
spend a few days exploring the area.
• I am writing to ask for more information about… • How/What about visiting Fiesole/a tour of the
• We are interested in receiving… Uffizi?
• We would be grateful if you could send us your • I suggest staying in the countryside.
latest brochure/pricelist. • I suggest that you take some warm clothes as it
• I’d like to have some information about… can be very cold at night.

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Giving advice Operator
• If I were you, I wouldn’t go during the rainy • The overnight crossing takes just over seven hours.
season. • This service doesn’t operate at weekends/on Bank
• I advise you to book early/try the local goat’s cheese. Holidays.
• It is a good idea to take waterproof clothes. • The train/coach leaves from platform/stop 9.
• You should absolutely see a musical on Broadway. • The castle/museum opens/closes at 9 o’ clock/7.30
• It is advisable to avoid the station area at night. p.m.
• Tickets are available online or at the tourist office.
Recommendations • Adult tickets cost £15 and a child ticket is £8.50.
• Entrance/Travel is free for children under 5.
• I highly recommend this hotel/this tour.
• You can catch bus 74 to the port/station.
• I recommend trying surfing/paddle boarding/cross
• It takes about 15 minutes by bus/on foot.
country skiing.
Availability
Advising against doing something
Client
• I’m not sure that it is a good idea.
• Do remember that it is hurricane season/takes • Are there any seats available for Saturday/in First
about 5 hours to reach the coast. Class?
• It is not recommended for solo travellers/young
children. Operator
• There is limited availability in economy class.
Alternative suggestions/Counteroffer
• We advise you to book early to avoid
• We are sorry to inform you that this tour/hotel is disappointment.
no longer available. • There are no seats available on the 14:15 coach to
• May we suggest… as an alternative? Heathrow.
• We would like to suggest the following tour/ • Both inside and outside cabins are still available.
holiday package instead
• However, we can arrange/organise for you to… Fares, prices and tickets
Client
Closing paragraph
• How much does it cost?
• Trusting this answers your questions…
• Is there a booking fee/supplement?
• We hope/are sure that you will take advantage of
• Are there any discounts for group bookings/
our exceptional offer.
railcard holders/senior citizens?
• We look forward to doing business with you in the
future.
Operator
• Hoping to count you among our customers, …
• The rental is €45 per day with unlimited mileage.
TRANSPORT: ENQUIRIES AND REPLIES • Children under 2 travel free, but are not allocated
a seat.
Timetables and schedules
• If you choose a flexi ticket, you can change the
Client time of departure.
• What time does the train/coach get to/leave…?
Passengers
• How long does the crossing/journey take/last?
• How long do I have to wait for my connecting Operator
flight?
• Are you travelling alone?
• I’d like to leave/arrive early in the morning.
• How many adults and children are there in your
• Could you tell me…?
party?
• I’d like to know/have…
• Do you need an additional driver?
• Have you got any information on…?

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 T O UR I SM PHR ASEOLOGY
Client Price
• There are five of us, three adults, one child and a Client
baby.
• Are there any special offers in that period?
• I’m a foot passenger.
• How much is the daily/weekly rate?
• Is the cleaning service included/extra?
Other requests
Operator Operator
• Do you need transport to the airport/port? • I can confirm that the room/half board/full board
rate is…
Client • Our AI package includes wine and soft drinks at
lunch and dinner.
• Can I choose a meal option for my flight?
• I have coeliac disease. Will there be suitable food
Room and facilities
on the cruise?
• How early do I need to check-in? Client
• Is it possible to add a third bed for a child?
ACCOMMODATION: ENQUIRIES AND REPLIES
• What size are the pitches?
Availability • Are there any laundry facilities/shops?
• Is there a guest kitchen?
Client
• Are bed linen and towels provided?
• I would like to know if you have a double room/
bungalow available from … to ...? Operator
• Can/Could you confirm the availability for a
• It sleeps seven people.
group booking for 20 people?
• We have pitches from... to… sqm.
• I’m interested in renting your cottage for two
• There is a barbecue and pool, with sun loungers.
weeks in September. What availability is there?
• All our rooms have tea and coffee making
facilities/ensuite bathrooms/flat screen TVs.
Operator
• It is equipped with all kitchen appliances,
• We are pleased to inform you that the dates you including microwave, washing machine and
requested are available. tumble dryer.
• We have a vacancy for those dates • Pets are not allowed.
• We regret to inform you that our hotel/B&B is • It is not possible to add two children to a double
fully booked for the period required. room.
• We only have twin rooms available for that date.
• There are no pitches/caravans available for that
week. Bookings and confirmations
TRANSPORT: BOOKINGS AND
Location CONFIRMATIONS ONLINE AND BY EMAIL
Client Bookings
• Where is it located? • Please could you book an inside/2-berth cabin for
• How far is your hotel/the apartment from the the crossing/cruise…?
airport/city centre/ski slopes? • I kindly ask you to book the following flights for
• Is it easy to get to… from the airport/train station/ my wife and I/two children.
port? • I need to book a car for 10 days from… to…
• We would prefer to sit at the front/back of the
Operator plane.
• We are within walking distance of… • I also need to request special assistance/a
• The village/beach/lake is a five-minute drive. wheelchair at the airport/station.

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• I’d like to book/reserve two tickets for... • On behalf of our clients, we kindly ask you to
• Is it possible to make a group booking? make the following reservation.
• I’d like a quiet carriage please, a forward facing • We require three superior suites in the name of…
seat if possible. • Please let us know which form of payment you
• Can I pay by credit card/by bank transfer? prefer.
• Have you already got my details on the system? • I enclose full details of my credit card/a cheque to
• Is there a discount for students/for railcard cover the 10% deposit.
holders? • We will send/have sent a deposit of 20% by bank
• How much is it? transfer.
• Please confirm receipt of the deposit by bank transfer.
Confirmations
Operator
• I can confirm the booking for…
• We wish to confirm your reservation for… • I have the pleasure of confirming your booking at
• Please see the attached schedule for exact the rate of…/for the period…
departure and arrival times. • We have reserved a superior suite, with balcony
• Tickets will be sent by email/available at the and swim up pool.
check-in desk. • We can confirm that the rooms have been booked.
• You will need your credit card and booking • We acknowledge receipt of your cheque/payment/
reference number when you pick up the car. bank transfer.
• We have received the deposit.
Dealing with changes and cancellations • Please quote this reservation number when you
arrive at the hotel.
Agent
• We look forward to having your clients at our hotel.
• Our cancellation policy is... • We appreciate having you as a guest and are sure
• There is a 50% refund for cancellations within 40 you will have an enjoyable stay.
days of the departure date.
• This ticket is non-refundable/non- transferable. DEALING WITH CHANGES
• We apply/impose a fee for any changes to the AND CANCELLATIONS
booking.
Requests for cancellation/modification
• I can confirm the cancellation of…
• Please find the amended booking as per your • Due to circumstances beyond our control/health
email of… problems/unforeseen circumstances…
• I need to change the date from… to…
Customer • Would you be able to change the room/the
cottage?
• Unfortunately, I have to/I need to cancel/change
• I kindly ask you for a full refund to my credit card
the time/the flight/the return journey.
in accordance with your cancellation policy.
• Would it be possible/Is it possible to change the
• I trust you will accept my apologies for the
name of the person on the booking/to postpone
inconvenience caused.
the departure date?
• Is there a difference in price?
Replies
• I hope it is possible. / I hope there is still availability.
• We are sorry to hear of your change in plans.
ACCOMMODATION: WRITTEN BOOKINGS • The revised cost is…
AND CONFIRMATIONS • The amount will be credited to your bank
account/will be reimbursed within 5 working days.
Customer
• We have to inform you that you will be charged
• I would be grateful if you could reserve a four- for one night’s stay as stated in our cancellation
person deluxe chalet/an RV pitch. policy.
• Please reserve the following accommodation on a • Unfortunately for these new dates we cannot
B&B/a full board basis. guarantee a lodge on the lake front.

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 T O UR I SM PHR ASEOLOGY
• We are now fully booked and cannot • I trust you will consider refunding us an
accommodate your request. appropriate amount for this inconvenience.

Replies
Complaints and replies
• We are sorry to hear you were dissatisfied with…
TRANSPORT • You were informed at the time of booking that we
Complaints cannot guarantee requests for a room with a sea
view/balcony.
• I wish to complain about… on behalf of my clients…
• Unfortunately, we were short of staff during that
• The flight was delayed by…
period and the temporary agency staff were not
• There was no seat reserved in my name and I had
up to our usual high standards.
to stand for the entire journey.
• We are pleased to offer a voucher for one night’s
• The level of service was unsatisfactory.
accommodation with dinner for two people.
• The staff were impolite/inefficient/gave no
• We have already organised appropriate training to
explanation.
ensure this does not happen again.
• I would be grateful if you could provide an
• Once again, please accept our most sincere
explanation for this…
apologies.
• In the circumstances, we believe we are entitled to
a refund/compensation.
• We therefore request a complete refund of the Itineraries
cost of the ticket.
DESCRIBING A TOUR
• In accordance with EU regulations, we are entitled
to compensation for this cancelled/delayed flight. • We begin/end our day with…
• After a leisurely breakfast, we leave for…
Replies • Our next stop is.../Our final destination is…
• Our tour ends in...
• We are sorry/We regret to hear of the problems
• After visiting/exploring…, we will head for/set off
during your recent flight/journey.
for…
• We sincerely apologise for this oversight/situation.
• You can visit/see/find out about /explore…
• This was due to circumstances out of our control.
• You’ll have a chance to…
• However, we are willing to offer you/your clients…
• You’ll be captivated by…
• We have already arranged for a complete refund.
• Today’s highlights include…
• We can assure you that we will do our best to
• Free time for shopping/individual sightseeing...
avoid similar occurrences in the future.
• You’ll have plenty of time for exploring/shopping/
• We hope your clients accept our sincere apologies.
relaxing/sightseeing...
• We trust you will continue to use our services in
• Marvel at/Enjoy/Take in…
the future.
DESCRIBING A DRIVING TOUR
ACCOMMODATION
• Take a leisurely drive along the back roads to…
Complaints
• After a long day’s driving yesterday, take it easy
• I am writing to make a formal complaint about… today with…
• We were concerned to hear about what happened • You can stop off anywhere along the coast road.
to our clients, Mr and Mrs Malerba, while they • You’re bound to come across a little hamlet/
were staying in your resort. beachside restaurant.
• The room/bungalow/apartment was not as • Why don’t you take a detour to visit one of the
described in the brochure. beaches/fishing villages/monuments?
• We were not informed that the hotel would be • Leave the car today and stroll around the town on
undergoing serious building work during our stay. foot.
• The quality of the food was not what we expected • Climbing slowly upwards, the scenery begins to
from a four-star establishment. change.

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• Take care on the hair-pin bends as you descend • It unites/It brings together different architectural
the mountain. styles.
• The city centre is closed to traffic at certain times. • The bell tower was added over a century later.

DESCRIBING AN INDEPENDENT TOUR The interior

• You should plan to spend at least 10 days in the • The triptych behind the altar is attributed to…
area. • The tomb of … can be found in the crypt.
• Feel free to add on one or two days to the • The interior is cruciform in shape/is shaped like a
suggested schedule. Greek/Latin cross.
• The best time of year/day is… because… • The statue of ... by ... stands in the niche/the first
• Choose among the many B&Bs that are in the chapel.
town centre/in nearby villages. • The chapel houses the shrine of/the reliquary with…
• Points of interest in the area are… • The austere interior contrasts with the ornate
• This is the ideal tour/place/route because… decorations on the main façade.
• You shouldn’t miss the fishing festival/the historical • The walls are/The dome is covered/decorated with
pageant/the village fair which is held in June. frescoes/mosaics/marble.
• Visiting/Seeing… is a must. • The wooden choir has been intricately carved/
• Pick one or two of these recommended decorated.
restaurants/highlights/walks.
• To get a deeper insight into the culture/ The exterior
the history/the art/the natural wonders, we
• The façade has a large and ornate rose window.
recommend...
• The façade is richly decorated.
• The portal in gothic style is surrounded by bas-
DESCRIBING A CRUISE
relief/is flanked by two columns
• You can combine the cruise with a hotel stay in… • The large wooden/bronze door dates from the
• The ship sets sail from … and the cruise is for 15th century.
seven days. • There are tall Gothic windows with stained glass
• There are five ports of call with many interesting depicting scenes from the Old Testament.
shore excursions. • The bas-reliefs represent/depict/show several
• All staterooms have an ensuite bathroom with saints/biblical figures.
shower.
• Pools, waterslides, hot tubs, a fitness centre and DESCRIBING A PAINTING OR FRESCO
sports courts are available for all guests.
The artist
• It offers 28 dining choices and 22 bars and lounges.
• There is a kids’ club and a teens’ club, open 10 • The artist was born in ... and was one of the most
hours a day. influential of the time.
• An inside stateroom offers good value for money. • This helped establish him as a radical artist/leader
• There is a 20% discount for bookings made this of the … Movement
month/for cruises in October. • He created an entirely new personal style.
• His brief/long career culminated in…
DESCRIBING A CHURCH
The painting
When it was built and architectural style
• The title of the painting is … and it is one of the
• Built over a period of 60 years using travertine/
artist’s earliest/latest works.
marble/brick…
• It was commissioned by…
• Construction took/lasted two centuries and was
• Probably made for the private collection of…
finally completed in…
• The inspiration came from…
• Constructed under the orders of Pope...
• The composition is balanced with ... in the
• A fine example of Romanesque/late Gothic
foreground/in the background/on the right/left.
architecture…

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 T O UR I SM PHR ASEOLOGY
• The figure of … dominates the scene/the centre of • The highlight/s of the collection is/are certainly…
the picture. • The hands-on/digital displays are perfect for
• It captures/portrays/represents the mythological young children/teenagers.
figure of… /a moment in the life of…
• It evokes an intense response/a feeling of… DESCRIBING A CASTLE
• It creates the illusion of…
• Location
• The eye is captivated by…
• This imposing fortress stands dramatically on a
cliff/hill/overlooking the river/sea.
Technique
• Dominating the surrounding countryside, the
• Painted in oil/in water colour/in acrylic on canvas/ castle…
on paper/on wood.
• It is remarkable for its use of linear perspective. Construction
• The use of light/shadow/movement/space...
• Construction began in … on the ruins of a Roman
• The flowing/delicate/simple/bold lines/
temple.
brushstrokes...
• It took over 50 years to complete.
• The subtle/muted/dramatic/contrasting/vibrant
• It was built between the 12th and 13th centuries.
colours...
• There is evidence that it was built on the site of a
Roman/Viking/Medieval fort.
PRESENTING A MUSEUM
• Built to withstand attack, the walls are over 4
• Talking about a museum metres thick in some parts.
• It was built in… and designed by… • … is the oldest surviving part of the castle.
• The new wing was added in… • The different periods of the castle’s history can be
• Originally built as…, it was transformed into a seen in the stonework.
museum in… • The … was altered and added to in the …
• It hosts/contains/showcases a vast collection of art/ century.
artefacts/Greek pottery/Egyptian jewellery/17th • After being burned down, it was rebuilt in …
century paintings. style.
• The collection is one of the biggest/most
interesting/oldest in Italy/Europe. History
• It was seized/attacked by … during the battle of…
Giving practical information
• The scene of many battles and sieges…
• The nearest bus stop/tube station is… • It bears witness to the long and tumultuous
• It is open every day/ from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. history of the city/region.
• It is closed on Bank Holidays. • It fell into disuse in the 17th century.
• The entrance fee is £7. Children under 10 are • It was restored to its former glory by the National
free. Trust in…
• Facilities include free Wi-Fi, a café and a gift shop. • It has been home to the … family since…
• Photography is (not) permitted inside the • Today, we can get a glimpse of what medieval
museum. royal palace life was like.
• Audio guides are available in several languages. • Myths and legends surround the castle.
• You should allow at least three hours for your • The grandeur of the great hall is a stunning
visit. backdrop for weddings and events.

Giving recommendations DESCRIBING A NATIONAL PARK

• I (highly) recommend seeing the… General description and services
• The … is worth a visit.
• It is the largest park in the state/country, with over
• If you are interested in/keen on Renaissance art/
4 million visitors per year.
Greek history, don’t miss the special exhibition on
• The park is open all year/seasonally, but some
the first floor/in the basement.
roads and passes are closed to traffic in winter.
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• Covering an area of about … acres/hectares, it is PRESENTING AN AMUSEMENT PARK
one of the smallest in the country.
Giving practical information
• There are five visitor centres in the park where
rangers/staff will be happy to help you. • The park is located about 1 hour by car from the
• You can pick up maps with suggested walks at the airport/the city.
entrance. • You can reach the parks on foot or by shuttle bus.
• There is an entrance charge of $15 per car/person. • There are various tickets for multiple-entry for
• You can rent mountain bikes and helmets at the one or more parks.
visitor centre. • You can save time and avoid the queues with an
• Camping is/isn’t permitted within the park. express ticket.
• Opening times vary during the year, but are
What to do and see usually from 8 a.m. to midnight.
• There are height or age restrictions on some of
• The awe-inspiring/breathtaking/jaw-dropping views
the rides.
of the mountains/pinnacles/arches/rock formations/
• With the app, you can see the waiting times for
desert landscape/wilderness/badlands...
each ride.
• The immensity of the river/waterfall/glacier/lake…
• Describing the park’s characteristics
• There is an abundance of wildlife/flora.
• The park offers something for everyone, with
• The park is at its most beautiful in winter/at
roller coasters, water rides and carousels.
sunset/at sunrise.
• Rides which are suitable for wheelchair users are
• The best period for birdwatching/wild flowers is
clearly indicated.
early spring/late autumn.
• The park is divided into six lands or areas, each
• If you are lucky, you will see wild eagles/bears/
with a different theme.
deer/wolves.
• This area of the park is ideal for young children.
• The best place/times to observe elk/prairie dogs/
• Be prepared to get wet/to scream/to jump with
bison is…
this state-of-the-art ride.
• One of the easiest ways to explore the park is with
• There is the opportunity for children to meet their
a guided walk.
favourite cartoon characters around the park.
• Drive around the scenic road and stop at one of
• The parade/The firework display is probably the
the many viewing points.
highlight of the day for younger visitors.
• There are plenty of opportunities for rock climbing/
• All generations will be amazed by the
white water rafting/canoeing with trained guides.
entertainment/the shows/the live music.
• Last year they introduced two new rides/
Advice
attractions and updated the dining facilities.
• Never turn your back on the waves.
• Avoid leaving food in your car. Saying where to stay/eat
• Do not leave the marked footpaths or trails.
• With an on-site hotel you are in the heart of the
• Always check the weather forecast before going on
excitement.
an off-trail hike.
• Accommodation packages include entry to all the
• You should be well-prepared with warm clothes/
parks, plus other benefits.
plenty of water/sturdy walking boots/snow tyres.
• You can choose from over 30 different restaurants
• Don’t forget to bring sunglasses/binoculars/insect
for your meals.
repellent.
• Pay attention: the rocks/paths may be dangerous
when wet.

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 P HR ASAL V ER BS
bail sb out: help sb out with money |salvare finanziariamente| look after: take care of |prendersi cura di, badare a|
bank on: count/rely on |fare affidamento| look forward to: wait for something pleasant |aspettare con
break down: stop working or functioning |rompersi, crollare| trepidazione, non veder l’ora di|
break in/into: enter a building by force |irrompere, forzare l’ingresso| look into: examine deeply and carefully |esaminare a fondo, investigare|
break out: a) start suddenly b) escape |iniziare di colpo, scoppiare; look out: be careful |fare attenzione, stare in guardia|
evadere| look up: look for information in a reference book |cercare informazioni,
break up: bring a relationship to an end |concludere/si; separarsi; dati ecc.|
lasciare, rompere con| make into: change into something or somebody else |trasformare in|
bring back: make somebody remember something |rammentare| make off: hurry away to escape |scappare, fuggire|
bring out: produce or publish something |portare alla luce; far emergere| make out: manage to see or hear clearly |distinguere|
bring up: care for and educate a child |formare, educare, crescere| make up: invent |inventare, comporre|
build on: use a basis or foundation |costruire su| make up with: become friendly again after an argument |fare pace con|
call back: return a phone call |richiamare| pass on: deliver (a message) |trasmettere, passare (un messaggio)|
call off: cancel |cancellare, sospendere| pick up: go and collect someone in a car |dare un passaggio, far salire
carry on: continue |andare avanti, continuare| qualcuno, andare/venire a prendere|
carry out: do or complete something |realizzare, completare| play up: malfunction |funzionare irregolarmente|
come across: meet somebody by chance |imbattersi in, incontrare per point out: make someone notice something |far notare, portare
caso| all’attenzione|
come round/around: visit somebody for a short time |fare visita| put off: postpone |posticipare|
come up with: find a solution or have a brilliant idea |farsi venire in put on: a) gain (usually weight) b) wear clothes |ingrassare, mettere su
mente; proporre, venir fuori con| peso; indossare, mettersi|
do without: succeed in living without something |fare a meno di, put out: stop something from burning |spegnere|
rinunciare a| put through: connect by telephone |passare/inoltrare una chiamata|
drop out: quit school or a course |non terminare la scuola, ritirarsi da| put up: let somebody stay at your home |ospitare (temporaneamente)|
fall out: quarrel with somebody |litigare con| run across/into: meet somebody by chance |incontrare, imbattersi in|
fill in: complete a form by writing information |compilare| run out of: finish a supply of something |esaurire, rimanere senza|
find out: discover, learn |scoprire, venire a sapere| run over: a) knock somebody down (with a vehicle) b) read something
get back: return to a place |tornare, ritornare| quickly |investire; scorrere, leggere rapidamente|
get back to sb: reply |rispondere| set off: begin a journey |mettersi in viaggio, partire|
get off: leave a train, bus, plane |scendere| set out: start a journey |partire|
get on/along with: like each other and have a good relationship |andare set up: open (a business) |aprire, fondare (un’attività)|
d’accordo, essere in buoni rapporti| sort out: organise, plan |preparare, organizzare|
get over: overcome a problem and start feeling well |riprendersi, guarire| stand for: represent, advocate |rappresentare, sostenere|
get rid of: throw away |sbarazzarsi, liberarsi di| talk over: discuss a problem |parlare di|
get through to: contact somebody by telephone |contattare (per take after: look like a member of your family |somigliare a, prendere da|
telefono)| take down: write something down |annotare, prendere nota di|
give in: admit you have been defeated |arrendersi| take off: leave the ground and fly (plane) |decollare|
give out: distribute |distribuire| take up: start doing something regularly |intraprendere un’attività,
give up: stop doing or having something |rinunciare a, abbandonare dedicarsi a qualcosa|
un’abitudine, smettere| throw out/away: get rid of something you no longer need |buttare via,
go off: a) explode b) become bad (about food) |esplodere; andare a gettare via|
male| try on: put on clothes to see how they fit |provarsi|
go on: a) continue b) start a journey |continuare, andare avanti; partire| turn down: refuse an offer or a proposal |rifiutare, respingere|
go out: stop burning |spegnersi| turn down/up: reduce/increase (volume or heating) |abbassare; alzare|
go over: revise or examine carefully |esaminare, riesaminare| turn on/off: start/stop a machine (pressing a button) |accendere;
hold on: wait to talk to somebody (on the phone) |restare in linea| spegnere|
keep away: avoid going near somebody or something |rimanere a turn out: a) happen in a particular way b) prove to be |andare a finire;
distanza, stare alla larga| risultare|
keep in: restrain |trattenere| turn up: arrive |arrivare, venire|
keep on: continue |continuare a| work out: find a solution or an answer |risolvere, trovare una soluzione|
keep up with: learn about the latest news or events |tenersi aggiornato,
tenersi al passo con|
let down: disappoint |deludere|
live through: survive after an unpleasant situation |sopravvivere a,
farcela, superare|

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 VE RB S + TO AND -ING

Verbs + -ing form Verbs + infinitive with to Verbs + to and -ing (change in meaning)
admit: ammettere afford to: permettersi di be sorry + to: dispiacersi (per qualcosa che
adore: adorare agree to: essere d’accordo, acconsentire sta per accadere)
apologise for: scusarsi per appear to: sembrare be sorry for + -ing: dispiacersi (di un’azione
appreciate: apprezzare arrange to: predisporre, programmare compiuta)
avoid: evitare ask to: chiedere di forget + to: dimenticare (un’azione futura)
be afraid of: aver paura di attempt to: provare, tentare forget + -ing: dimenticare (un’azione
be busy: essere indaffarato, occupato choose to: scegliere compiuta)
be keen on: essere appassionato di decide to: decidere go on + to: proseguire, andare avanti (con
be tired of: essere stanco di deserve to: meritare, meritarsi un’altra azione)
be used to: essere abituato a determine to: determinare, stabilire go on + -ing: continuare a
be worth: valere la pena di expect to: aspettarsi di mean + to: intendere, volere
can’t bear/stand: non poter sopportare fail to: mancare, omettere; fallire mean + -ing: richiedere, significare
can’t help: non poter fare a meno di forget to: dimenticare remember + to: ricordare (un’azione futura)
carry on: continuare a grow to: crescere (per diventare qualcosa) remember + -ing: ricordare (un’azione
consider: considerare happen to: capitare compiuta)
delay: rimandare, ritardare help to: aiutare regret + to: rincrescere
deny: negare hesitate to: esitare regret + -ing: pentirsi (di aver fatto qualcosa)
detest: detestare, odiare hope to: sperare stop + to: fermare, fermarsi (per un motivo)
dislike: detestare, non gradire hurry to: sollecitare stop + -ing: smettere, sospendere
enjoy: essere felice di, godere invite to: invitare, esortare a (conclusione di un’azione)
feel like: sentirsi disposto a, aver voglia di learn to: imparare, apprendere try + to: provare, tentare, cercare di
finish: finire long to: desiderare fortemente, bramare (tentativo, non necessariamente riuscito)
forgive: perdonare manage to: riuscire try + -ing: provare (tentativo, esperimento
get used to: abituarsi a neglect to: mancare, dimenticarsi di fare volto alla soluzione di un problema)
give up: rinunciare, smettere qualcosa
hate: odiare offer to: offrire, proporre
imagine: immaginare, inventare plan to: avere intenzione; pensare, progettare Verbs + to and -ing (same meaning)
insist on: insistere nel prepare to: prepararsi begin: iniziare, cominciare
involve: coinvolgere, implicare pretend to: fingere di continue: continuare a, andare avanti
it’s no use/no good: è inutile, non serve promise to: promettere intend: avere intenzione di
keep (on): continuare (a) refuse to: rifiutarsi start: inziare, avviare
like: piacere resolve to: decidersi, avere l’intenzione di
look forward to: non veder l’ora di seek to: cercare di
love: amare, adorare, voler bene seem to: sembrare, apparire
mention: accennare, menzionare struggle to: sforzarsi, lottare
mind: dispiacere, avere qualcosa in contrario tend to: tendere a
miss: mancare, non riuscire threaten to: minacciare
postpone: posticipare, rimandare, rinviare wait to: aspettare, attendere
practise: esercitarsi, praticare want to: volere
prefer: preferire wish to: desiderare di
prevent someone from doing something: would like to: volere (condizionale)
impedire a qualcuno di fare qualcosa
put off: rimandare, posticipare
report: riferire, riportare
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resist: resistere
risk: rischiare The verb like is mainly followed by –ing. We can use like + to if we wish to say choose to,
spend/waste time: passare, sprecare tempo a
be in the habit of.
I like watching sports on TV.
suggest: suggerire, consigliare
I like to get up early so that I can go jogging before work.
thank someone for: ringraziare qualcuno
di/per The verbs love, hate and prefer are usually followed by -ing, although there is not much
think of: pensare di, a difference in meaning if we use them followed by the infinitive.

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 I R R E G UL AR V ER BS

Base form Past simple Past participle It means… Base form Past simple Past participle It means…
arise arose arisen sorgere leave left left lasciare, partire
awake awoke awoken svegliare/(si) lend lent lent prestare
be was/were been essere let let let lasciare, permettere
bear bore borne/born portare, generare lie lay lain giacere, sdraiarsi
beat beat beaten battere light lit* lit* illuminare, accendere
become became become diventare lose lost lost perdere
begin began begun iniziare make made made fare, fabbricare
bend bent bent piegare(rsi) mean meant meant significare
bid bid bid offrire meet met met incontrare(rsi)
bind bound bound legare mistake mistook mistaken fraintendere, sbagliare
bite bit bitten mordere overcome overcame overcome superare, vincere
blow blew blown soffiare pay paid paid pagare
break broke broken rompere(rsi) put put put mettere
breed bred bred allevare quit quit* quit* abbandonare
bring brought brought portare read read read leggere
broadcast broadcast* broadcast* trasmettere ride rode ridden andare in bici/moto
build built built costruire ring rang rung suonare, squillare
burn burnt* burnt* bruciare rise rose risen alzarsi, sorgere
burst burst burst scoppiare run ran run correre
buy bought bought comprare say said said dire
cast cast cast gettare, fondere see saw seen vedere
catch caught caught afferrare seek sought sought cercare
choose chose chosen scegliere sell sold sold vendere
cling clung clung aggrapparsi send sent sent mandare, spedire
come came come venire set set set porre, fissare
cost cost cost costare sew sewed sewn* cucire
creep crept crept strisciare shake shook shaken scuotere, tremare
cut cut cut tagliare shed shed shed versare
deal dealt dealt trattare shine shone shone splendere
dig dug dug scavare shoot shot shot sparare, girare un film
do did done fare show showed shown mostrare
draw drew drawn trarre, disegnare shrink shrank shrunk ritirarsi, restringersi
dream dreamt* dreamt* sognare shut shut shut chiudere
drink drank drunk bere sing sang sung cantare
drive drove driven guidare sink sank sunk affondare, calare
dwell dwelt* dwelt* abitare sit sat sat sedere(rsi)
eat ate eaten mangiare sleep slept slept dormire
fall fell fallen cadere smell smelt* smelt* odorare, avere odore
feed fed fed nutrire speak spoke spoken parlare
feel felt felt sentire(rsi) spell spelt* spelt* scrivere, compitare
fight fought fought combattere spend spent spent spendere, passare
find found found trovare spill spilt* spilt* versare
flee fled fled fuggire split split split spaccare(rsi)
fly flew flown volare spoil spoilt* spoilt* sciupare, viziare
forbid forbade forbidden proibire spread spread spread diffondere(rsi)
forecast forecast* forecast* prevedere spring sprang sprung saltare, scaturire
foresee foresaw foreseen anticipare stand stood stood stare in piedi, sopportare
forget forgot forgotten dimenticare steal stole stolen rubare
forgive forgave forgiven perdonare stick stuck stuck attaccare(rsi), incollare
freeze froze frozen gelare, congelarsi strike struck struck colpire, fare sciopero
get got got ottenere, ricevere strive strove striven lottare, sforzarsi
give gave given dare swear swore sworn giurare, imprecare
go went gone andare swell swelled swollen* gonfiare(rsi)
grind ground ground macinare swim swam swum nuotare
grow grew grown crescere, coltivare swing swung swung oscillare, dondolare
hang hung hung appendere, pendere take took taken prendere, accompagnare
have had had avere teach taught taught insegnare
hear heard heard sentire, udire tear tore torn strappare, lacerare
hide hid hidden nascondere tell told told dire, raccontare
hit hit hit colpire, battere think thought thought pensare
hold held held tenere, contenere throw threw thrown gettare, buttare
hurt hurt hurt far male, ferire thrust thrust thrust ficcare, spingere
keep kept kept tenere, conservare tread trod trodden pestare, calpestare
kneel knelt* knelt* inginocchiarsi understand understood understood capire, comprendere
know knew known conoscere, sapere wake woke woken svegliare(rsi)
lay laid laid posare, deporre wear wore worn indossare, consumare
lead led led condurre, guidare weave wove woven tessere
lean leant* leant* appoggiarsi, inclinarsi weep wept wept piangere
leap leapt* leapt* saltare win won won vincere
learn learnt* learnt* imparare, apprendere write wrote written scrivere
*The regular form is also possible.

86 IRR E G ULAR V ERB S Photocopiable - Explore ©ELI Publishing