9

SCIENCE

Quarter 4- Module 4
Week 4

CONSERVATION
OF
MOMENTUM

i
Science - Grade 9
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Second Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Schools

Division Superintendent:

Development Team of the Module

Compiler/Writer: Dr. Imelda R. Lanojan, MT11-Science, Apas National High School

Content Editors/: Mrs. Florenda Yap, Assistant Principal, Apas National High School
Reviewers Mrs. Arnolfa A. Demellites, Principal I, Sirao Integrated School
Mr. Neil A. Angtud, School Head, Sinsin National High School
Dr. Deogenes R. Adoptante, Principal I, OPPRA Nationall High School
Language Editor: Mrs. Wilma Villaflor, Principal III, Don Vicente Rama Elementary School
Management Team
Chairperson: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent
Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief
Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS- Science
Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS-LRMS

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Department of Education – Division of Cebu City
Office Address: New Imus Ave., Cebu City
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ii
 Junior High School

Science 9
Quarter 4-Module 4

Week 4
CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and
other education stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and
recommendations to the Department of Education at _______________.

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippine

iii
 What I Need to Know
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Learning Competency:

• Infer that the total momentum before and after collision is equal (S9FE-IVb-
37)

In this Module, you should be able to:

1. explain how momentum is conserved

2. define collision
3. differentiate between elastic and inelastic collisions

Before you start with the Lesson, be sure to answer the Pre-assessment.

What I Know?

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Pre-Assessment

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Write the letter of your answer in a sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following is considered as necessary condition for the total

momentum of a system to be conserved?
A. An object must be at rest.
B. No external force is present.
C. Kinetic energy must not change.
D. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.

For numbers 2-3, Two 0.5kg balls approach each other with the same speed

2. What is the total momentum of the system before collision?

A. 0 B. 0.50 kg m/s C. 1.0 kg m/s D. -1.0kg m/s

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 3. If there is no external force acting on the system, what is the total momentum
of the system after collision?
` A. 0 B. 0.50 kg m/s C. 1.0 kg m/s D. -1.0 kg m/s

[Link] billiard balls approach each other at equal speed. If they collide in a
perfectly elastic collision, what would be their velocities after collision?
A. Zero
B. Same in magnitude and direction
C. Same in magnitude but opposite in direction
D. Different in magnitude and opposite in direction

5.A 50 kg astronaut ejects 100 g of gas from his propulsion pistol at a velocity
of 50 m/s. What is his resulting velocity?
A. - 0.10 m/s B. - 0.50 m/s C. 0m/s D. -100 m/s

6. If the balloon had its momentum in one direction, what must be the total
momentum of the balloon since the air inside it have an equal and
opposite momentum?
A. 0 B. 2 kg m/s C. 3 kg m/s D.4 kg m/s

7. What can you say if the momentum gained by the girl is of equal magnitude
but opposite direction to the momentum gained by the boy.
A. Momentum is conserved.
B. No momentum is gained or lost.
C. Both A and B
D. None of these

8. Which of the following that refers to an encounter between two objects

resulting in exchange of impulse and momentum?
A. Collision B. Impulse C. Impact ` D. Momentum

9. What is the total momentum of the system before the collision? It is

________________.
A. equal to the total momentum of the system after the collision
B. not equal to the total momentum of the system after the collision
C. totally different from the total momentum of the system after the
collision
D. almost similar to the total momentum of the system after the
collision

10. What energy is lost during collision?

A. Kinetic B Light C. Potential D. Sound

11. Which of the following collision where one in which the total kinetic energy
of the system does not change and colliding objects bounce off after
collision?
A. Elastic collision C. both A & B
B. Inelastic collision D. none of these

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 [Link] is known when one in which the total kinetic energy of the system
changes?
A. Elastic collision C. both A & B
B. Inelastic collision D. none of these

[Link] do you call those objects which stick together after collision?
A. Elastic C. Inelastic
B. Imperfectly elastic D. Perfectly elastic

[Link] would you describe the collision of a moving steel ball pendulum
which collides head-on with another steel ball?
A. Elastic C. Inelastic
B. Imperfectly elastic D. Perfectly elastic

15. For a collision occurring between object 1 and object 2 in an isolated system,
the total momentum of the two objects before the collision is equal to the
total momentum of the two objects after the collision. Which of the following law
does it describe?
A. Law of Inertia
B. Law of Acceleration
C. Law of Conservation of Mass
D. Law of Conservation of Momentum

What’s In

In Grade 8, you have learned that an external force is required to make an

object accelerate. Similarly, if we want to change the momentum of an object, an
external force is required. There will be no change in momentum if there is no external
force.

A system is a group of objects that interact and affect each other

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Figure 4.1. Bowling ball and a pin

Figure 4.2 Two football players

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 Let’s take this situation as an example. Two children on ice skates are initially
at rest. They push each other so, eventually the boy moves to the right while the girl
moves to the opposite direction, away from each other. Newton’s Third Law tells us
that the force that the girl exerts on the boy and the force that makes the girl move to
the other direction are of equal magnitude but of opposite directions. The boy and the
girl make up a system – a collection of objects that affect one another. Figure 4.3. No
net/unbalanced external force acts on the boy-girl system, thus the total momentum
of the system does not change (figure 4.3) Remember that momentum, like velocity
and force, is a vector quantity. The momentum gained by the girl is of equal magnitude
but opposite direction to the momentum gained by the boy. In this system, no
momentum is gained or lost. We say that momentum is conserved.

Figure 4.3

Figure 4.3 In this example, the total momentum of the boy -girl system before
pushing is zero. After pushing, the total momnetum of the boy-girl system is still zero
because the momentum of the girl is of equal magnitude but opposite direction to the
momentum of the boy. Note that the momentum of the boy alone is not the same
before and after pushing; and the momentum of the girl alone is not the same before
and after pushing .

Explain how momentum is conserved in the following activity.

What’s New?
_____________________________

Activity 4.1
Balloon Rocket
Objective:
• Describe how a balloon rocket works and how conservation of
momentum explains rocket motion.

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Materials:
Balloon
String/nylon (at least 2m)
Tape
Paper clip
Straw
Pinch of starch

Procedure:

1. Insert the string into the straw before stretching it over the two posts. You
can use other chairs as posts. Make sure the string is tight.
[Link] a pinch of starch inside the balloon before inflating it. Twist the opened
end and temporarily secure it with a paper clip.
[Link] the straw to the balloon such that it is aligned with the balloon’s
opening (see Figure 4.4)

Figure 4.4 Balloon Rocket set up

4. Position the balloon at the middle of the string.

5. Release the air from the balloon by removing the paper clip and observe
carefully.
6. Draw the diagram showing the momentum vectors of your balloon rocket and
the air.

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 Observations/Guide Questions:

[Link] can you say about the initial momentum of the system before
releasing the air from the balloon?

[Link] did you observe after releasing the air from the balloon?

[Link] is the direction of the balloon compared to the direction of air

coming out from the balloon?

4 How do their momenta compare after releasing the air?

[Link] your answer in Q4, how does the velocity of the air that is pushed
out of the rocket compare to the velocity of the balloon rocket?
At the start, our system, which consisted of the balloon and the air inside it
was stationary so the total momentum of the system was zero. When we let the air
inside the balloon out, we noticed that the balloon moved. The force that caused the
balloon to move came from the air that was pushed out of it. There was no external
force involved. Thus, the total momentum of the system was conserved and remained
zero. If the balloon had its momentum in one direction, the air must have an equal and
opposite momentum for the total momentum to remain zero.

Change in momentum = 0

Total Initial Momentum = Total Final Momentum

0 = Momentum of Balloon +Momentum of Air

-Momentum of balloon = Momentum of air
(Pballoon) (P air )
-(mv) balloon = - (mv) air

Since the mass of the balloon is greater than the mass of air, the velocity of
the air must be greater in magnitude than the velocity of the balloon, and must be
opposite in direction.

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 What is it
_____________________________________________

Concept Check

Suppose the entire world population gathers in one spot and at the sounding
of a prearranged signal, everyone jumps up. While all the people are in the air, does
Earth gain momentum in the opposite direction?

Example 1a

Two ice skaters stand together. They” push off” and travel directly away from
each other, the boy with a velocity of +1.50 m/s. If the boy weighs 735.0 N and the girl,
490.0 N, what is the girl’s velocity after they push off? (Consider the ice to be
frictionless.)

Figure 4.5. Push off

Solution:

Remember that W = mg, thus, m = w/g.(Use g =9.8m/s2 )

Mass Velocity
Boy 75.00 kg 1.50 m/s
Girl 50.00 kg ?

The ice where they stand on is considered to be frictionless, thus, no external

force is present. The momentum of the boy-girl system is conserved. There is no
change in the momentum of the system before and after the push off.

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 Total Initial Momentum = Total Final Momentum
0 = Pboy + Pgirl
-Pboy = Pgirl
- (mv) boy = (mv) girl
- 112.5 kgm/s = 50.0 kg( Vgirl)
- 2.25 m/s = Vgirl

The girl moves with a velocity of 2.25 m/s opposite to the direction of the boy.

Remember!

Momentum is a vector quantity. It must have both magnitude (numerical value)

and direction. The direction of the momentum vector is always in the same direction
as the velocity vector. Like all vector quantities, momentum vectors can be added. For
situations in which two vectors are in opposite directions, one vector is considered
negative and the other positive.

Example 1b

Two ice skaters stand together. They “push off” and travel directly away from
each other, the boy with a velocity of +0.50 m/s and the girl with a velocity of -0.65m/s.
If the mass of the boy is 60.0kg, what is the girl’s mass? (Consider the ice to be
frictionless)

Solution
The momentum of the boy-girl system is conserved. There is no change in the
momentum of the system before and after the push off.
Total Initial Momentum = Total Final Momentum
0 = P boy + P girl
-P boy = P girl
-(mv)boy = (mv) girl
-30.0 kg m/s= (m girl) – 0.65 m/s
45 kg = m girl

Let’s find out some of the mathematical concepts of Conservation of

momentum by answering the following activity.
Activity 4.2
Calculating Momentum

A. Answer the following problems and show your solution in a sheet of paper.

1. A man with a mass of g is painting a house. He stands on a tall ladder of height h.

He leans over and falls straight down off the ladder. If he is in the air for s seconds,
what will be his momentum right before he hits the ground?

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2. A 10kg ball moving at 30m/s strikes a 12kg ball at rest. After the collision
the 10kg ball is moving with a velocity of 13m/s. What is the velocity of the second ball
after the collision?

3. An 11kg ball moving at 33m/s strikes a second ball at rest. After the collision
the 11kg ball is moving with a velocity of 13m/s and the second ball is moving with a
velocity of 8m/s. What is the mass of the second ball?

4. A 0.5kg ball strikes a second 1.5kg ball at rest. After the collision the 0.5kg ball is
moving with a velocity of 13m/s and the second ball is moving with a velocity of 8m/s.
What is the initial velocity of the first ball?

[Link] identical billiard balls traveling at the same speed have a head-on collision and
rebound. If the balls had twice the mass, but maintained the same size and speed,
how would the rebound be different?

What’s More

___________________________________________________________________

What is Collision?

A collision is an encounter between the objects resulting in exchange of

impulse and momentum. Because the time of impact is usually small, the impulse
provided by external forces like friction during this time is negligible. If we take colliding
bodies as one system, the momentum of the system is therefore approximately
conserved.

In an isolated system, the total momentum of the system before the collision is
equal to the total momentum of the system after collision.

Total Momentum before collision = total momentum after collision

Collisions are categorized according to whether the total kinetic energy of the
system changes. Kinetic energy may be lost during collisions when (1) it is converted
to heat or other forms like binding energy, sound, light (if there is spark), etc. and (2)
it is spent in producing deformation or damage such as when two cars collide. The two
types of collision are:

[Link] collision – one in which the total kinetic energy of the system does
not change and colliding objects bounce off after collision.

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 [Link] collision - one in which the total kinetic energy of the system
changes (i.e., converted to some other form of energy). Objects that stick together
after collision is said to be perfectly elastic.

Can you identify which type of collision is shown in each situation?

Figure 4.5A. Colliding Pendulum

Figure 4.5 B. Colliding Cars

In Figure 4.5A, a moving steel ball pendulum collides head on with another
steel ball. The collision is elastic, that is, the kinetic energy of the system (2 steel balls)
is the same before and after the collision. The total momentum of the system before
the collision is equal to the product of the first ball’s mass and velocity. The total
momentum of the system after collision must be equal to the total momentum before
the collision. The first ball comes to rest while the second ball moves away with a
velocity equal to the first ball. This is the case when the two balls have equal masses.
The momentum of the first ball is transferred to the second ball. The first ball loses its
momentum while the second ball gains momentum equal to that of the first ball’s
momentum (Figure 4.5 A).

What do you think would happen if you pull two balls away and release them at
+the same time? Why is it so?
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 Example

A 3.0 x 102 g cart moves on an air track at 1.2 m/s. It collides with ad sticks to
another cart of mass 5.0 x 102 g, which was stationary before collision. What is the
velocity of the combined cart after collision?

Solution:

Mass Velocity (before collision)

Cart 1 0.30 kg 1.2 m/s

Cart 2 0. 50 kg 0

The total momentum of the system is conserved before and after

the collision.

Total Momentum Before Collision = Total Momentum After Collision

(P cart 1 + P cart 2) before = (P cart 1 + P cart 2) after

(m1 + v 1) before + 0 = (m 1 + m 2) V after

0.36 kg m/s = 0.80 V after

0.45 m/s = V after

Since the two carts stuck together after collision, they have the same velocity
after collision. Two combined carts move at 0.45 m/s after the collision.

Figure 4.5 B . Inelastic Collision. Two cars/ objects collide, stick together and move as
one.

What I Have Learned

___________________________________________________________
Directions: Write the correct word or phrases to complete each statement. Write your answer
in a separate sheet of paper.

[Link] friction increases, what happens to momentum?

A. Becomes zero C. Decreases
B. Becomes constant D. Increases
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[Link] will the momentum of an isolated system remain conserved?
A. External force on the system is zero.
B. Net final momentum of the system is zero.
C. Net initial momentum of the system is zero.
D. All of the these

[Link] which system does the Law of Momentum hold good?

A. Two particles
B. Three particles
C. System particles
D. individual particles

[Link] momentum of a body has its mass proportional to ____________.

A. shape B. size C. velocity D. volume

[Link] a body is at rest, it has _____________.

A. energy B. momentum C. speed D. velocity

[Link] Law of Newton’s Motion which relate to the Law of Conservation of Momentum?
It is the Law of______________.
A. Acceleration B. Action and Reaction C. Inertia D. All of these

[Link] would you describe the total momentum of a system? It is always__________.

A. added B. conserved C. created D. destroyed

[Link] which particle where the Law of Conservation of momentum is applicable?

A. Individual B. Two C. Three D. System

9. What kind of energy is lost when two objects collide?

A. Chemical B. Kinetic C. Potential D. Thermal

[Link] collision is described when two objects stick together after collision?
A. Perfect elastic
B. Perfect inelastic
C. Imperfect elastic
D. Imperfect inelastic

What I Can Do

Make at least 1 diagram / illustration for Elastic Collision and Inelastic Collision in a
short bond paper.

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice: Read the questions carefully and write the letter of your answer on
a separate sheet of paper.

[Link] is known when one in which the total kinetic energy of the system
changes?
A. Elastic collision C. both A & B
B. Inelastic collision D. none of these

[Link] do you call those objects which stick together after collision?
A. Elastic C. Inelastic
B. Imperfectly elastic D. Perfectly elastic

[Link] would you describe the collision of a moving steel ball pendulum
which collides head-on with another steel ball?
A. Elastic C. Inelastic
B. Imperfectly elastic D. Perfectly elastic

4. For a collision occurring between object 1 and object 2 in an isolated system, the
total momentum of the two objects before the collision is equal to the
total momentum of the two objects after the collision. Which of the following law
does it describe?
A. Law of Inertia
B. Law of Acceleration
C. Law of Conservation of Mass
D. Law of Conservation of Momentum

[Link] of the following conditions necessary for the total momentum of a system to
be conserved?
A. An object must be at rest.
B. No external force is present.
C. Kinetic energy must not change.
D. Only the force of gravity acts on the system.

For numbers 6-7, Two 0.5 kg balls approach each other with the same speed

[Link] is the total momentum of the system before collision?

A.0 B. 0.50 kg m/s C. 1.0 kg m/s D. -1.0 kg m/s

14
 7. If there is no external force acting on the system, what is the total momentum of
the system after collision?
` A. 0 B. 0.50 kg m/s C. 1.0kg m/s D. -1.0 kg m/s

8. Two billiard balls approach each other at equal speed. If they collide in a perfectly
elastic collision, what would be their velocities after collision?
A. Zero
B. Same in magnitude and direction
C. Same in magnitude but opposite in direction
D. Different in magnitude and opposite in direction

9. A 50 kg astronaut ejects 100 g of gas from his propulsion pistol at a velocity of

50 m/s. What is his resulting velocity?
A. - 0.10m/s B. -0.50m/s C. 0m/s D. -100 m/s

10. If the balloon had its momentum in one direction, what must be the total
momentum of the balloon since the air inside it have an equal and opposite
momentum?
A. 0 B. 2 kg m/s C. 3 kg m/s D.4 kg m/s

11. What can you say if the momentum gained by the girl is of equal magnitude but
opposite direction to the momentum gained by the boy.
A. Momentum is conserved.
B. No momentum is gained or lost.
C. Both A and B
D. None of these

12. Which of the following that refers to an encounter between two objects
resulting in exchange of impulse and momentum?
A. Collision B. Impulse C. Impact ` D. Momentum

13. What is the total momentum of the system before the collision? It is
________________.
A. equal to the total momentum of the system after the collision
B. not equal to the total momentum of the system after the collision
C. totally different from the total momentum of the system after the
collision
D. almost similar to the total momentum of the system after the
collision

14. What energy is lost during collision?

A. Kinetic B Light C. Potential D. Sound

15. Which of the following collision where one in which the total kinetic energy
of the system does not change and colliding objects bounce off after
collision?
A. Elastic collision C. both A & B
B. Inelastic collision D. none of these

15
 16
Activity 4.1
[Link] initial momentum of the system before releasing the air from the
balloon is zero.
[Link] releasing the air from the balloon, the inflated balloon shrunk. As the
air rushes out (as seen by the blown starch), the balloon moves.
[Link] balloon and the air coming move in opposite direction.
[Link] momenta are the same in magnitude.
5. The velocity of the air is greater than that of the balloon.
Activity 4.2
1.(mg) (s)
2. V = 14.2 m/s
3. m = 27.5 kg
4.V1 = 37m/s
5.M1V1 + M2V2 = MVf1 + MVf2
Module 4- Week 4) SCI 9 Answer Key (Quarter 4 –
17
What I Can Do - Answers May Vary
What I Have Learned
1.C 6. B
2.A 7 B.
3.A 8.B
4.C 9.B
5.A 10.D
References

A. Books

Science 9 Learner’s Module, Department of Education of the

Philippines, pp .266-270

B. Links

[Link]

[Link]

[Link]
mework-help%2Fquestions-and-answers%2Ftwo-ice-skaters-stand-together-

[Link]
2Fphysics%2Fnewtons-laws-of-motion%2Fnewtons-third-law--

[Link]
m%2Fballoon-rockets

[Link]
M9_TU72ezrYDGxJJNL6YJWHTnmYCMKnw=s159

[Link]

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education, Cebu City Division

Office Address: Imus, Avenue, Cebu City

Telephone Nos. (063) 255-1516, (032) 253 - 9095

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