‘Le y bdd ddd’ f/f ee Cecece \ Poo obLvLvVLL \y \ \ S2\3 > \ S 4. [vahar Ss oor 2] = oF. is SEHK as _Opjecr Ortenred Programming, SyYTHIM th ONL programs are Considered Qs q colleution OF Objeurs. Each obsecr Ie nothing bur an Instant of Class Lanite baste sie concerts. of Oop ? Forjotlng are tne concepts OOP and are as Follows: 1. Abstraction 2. Encapsulation. 3: Innevitane YU. Porymorpnism- 3.| Whar tsa class 2 > A class is Simply o representation oF a type OF Objet jt ts tne blue/Plan/ tempiare thar desertbe tre deralls oF an objets ; 4.| Jainar ts an objer? > Onseur 1s termed aS an Instane of a class, and tt has ths Own stare, behaviouy and foentty. 5. | whar is Encapsularton 2 > Enwpswarion i¢ an attribure of an object, and it contains gil dota udnith is hidden: Thar niaden data can be yesreicred fo the member OF thar class+ Levels are Public, Prorected, Private, Internal and Prorered Internal. G+ | Wnor Is Poiymorenicm 2 > Foiymorpnism is notning but assfgning behavior oy value in@ subclass t© Somerhing ynor Was aiveady declared in ene main Class. CIMPIY, PolymorPNism fous more nan one form: NoTeES Gaecery CTECEYPOSS LL LLL LLLEddddddd de e/e/e/c/e/e/e/e'e’'e” S > Innevitane ts q concept woheve one Class shaves the Structure And behavior defined I another class. Tf fnhevitanw applied On one class Ty called ingle Inheritance ,and if it depends on MUMple classes, then itis called Multiple Inhevitane. %. Llanar axe Manipr 2 Manipulators are tu funutfons whlch can be used In Conjuurton with the tnserton and extraction operators on an objets Examples ave endl and ser « 9.| Define a constyutror? ? Construcroy 15 q method used to initlalize tu stare of an objec, and it get Invoked at ime time of Objeur creation - Rules For Consprucroy are! . Ni howd be sqm = NsStyruror OQ) Xi Jo. | Define Destructor? > Destructoy ts q method Wn Ts automatically called din me Objeer fe made of scope oF destroyed. Destructure name fs also same as class name bur with pu tide symbo) before pe name. u.[ Wwharts Initne function ? > Iniine funution ts a Fechnique used by tre Compilers and Instructs ro insert compiere body OF tre Cunutton whereevey tar Funution Ps used In pe Pregvam Souvnr (ode:42° [yonak ts vivtuat Faunaton | >? \Mrtuot Funuton Ys a member Functlon oF class and its Fanctonaltty can be overridden fn Tes ctevived class+ This Funtton ean be Implemented by using a Keyword called virtual, and it can be otven during Funcrion declaratton . Virtual funerton can be achfeued tn Ctt and tr can be Qthieved In C Language by using funution pointers or Pointers to Function. Friend Funaton ts a Friend of q class phar tr quowed to access fo Public, Private, Proreured, gara In thor same Class. If tu Function Ys defined ourstde Hu Class cannot access suth Infoymarion- Friend an be declared anywhere fn tu class Aeclavarton, and t+ cannot be affected by Qecess contyo) KeyWords Ike Pylvare . public of prorecred- 1-| Alhat fc Funetton Overloading? > Funutlon overloading ts defined as a normn Function, bur ft has the abiifty to Perform differant tasks» It anows Cieatton of sever methods With the same name Unich atffey From eath other by type of input and Olrpur of the funtton. 15+ | lAthax is Operator Overloaging 2 3 Operator Overloading ts 9 Function Where athRvenr operators aye applied and depends on pr aiquments - Operator, — x can be used fo PAss through rhe Punctton, and Tt has thelr OWN precedenu to execure « + AruciumArR (LINKEDIN), BSQOOEOELLELLLLLIDd ddd dddddl de"vuUle ee ec lIWIWVWs VALTALALALAL A 2) a a © WW v uv oO o v > S 2 3 =) 2 2 2 2 2 2 D xy ve a a n n SI Av iy i 16. [a9 at fs an abstract cla > Fin gbstrate class Ts 9 class whith connor be Instantated+ Creatton of an objet 1s not possible wlth abstraur class, bur tt can be Inherfeds An absetraer class can contoin Only Abstvacr method. Java arlows only abstyaw Muhod tn gbstvaur class udnhe For Otner language tr alloWs non-gbstracr method gs Wells 19: [Iathar te a ternary operator? 2 Teynary Operaroy ts sald to be an Operatoy Which fakes three atqumente. Avgumenrs and yesults are OF clefertnt gara types, and It fs depends on tr Function, Térnary operator fs also called gs Conditonoal opevaror - Arye fume (UNK SST 18] talnar Ps tre use of Finalize metnod 7 > Flaaitze merhod naps to Perform cleanup operations ON the yesourvtes wWrSch aye not currently used= Fincuize murhod ts prorered ,and it Ts gecessible only through tris class oy by a devived class. 3 A pasamerer Is a Uarlable used during tre declavation of pu Funuton oF subyoutlne qnd arguments are passed to th funtrton , and tt Snotd marth colth pre Parameres defined® Tere are two types oF Arguments. © Call by value — Value Passed wt get modtFied ony insiad +m Funurton,and tt yerurns the same value voharever Iris Passed tr Into tre Funerion . * Cail by Reference — Value Passed WIL ger moatAted fn hormigide and ourside tm funettons and It yerurns eng came or differenr Value.WOOO e dd lddd dddddddeere’ \ ea) 3) Super keuyword ps used to Inuole overvidden merhod with overrides one of Its Superciass methods. Tru's Keyword allows fo Qeess overridden methods and also tO ACCeSS Hfaaen members of pu superclass Lk aso forards 9 cati from o constructor fo a constyuctor Mn tre Superclass. ai. Lathot Ts metnod Overviding 2 2 Muthod overriding ts a fearure thar allows subclass +0 Proulse Impiementatton of a munod Hor ts aiyeady defined in tre maln class. Ths pol) overrides pa Implementarion In ime superclass by providing tre same MeUMNod Name, same pardamMURr and same ystuYn type. 22. |aynar fs an Interface 2 > An Ynterfaw Ys a colleurion of abstratr method - fF te Class Impiementc an Inneritanu, and hen thereby Ynherits al) tat abstraur memods of an Jnrefau. 23+|Winot te an exception nanaiing 2 > Exupton is an evenr nar Occurs during pe execu ton of a program Exceptions can he of any type — Runtime exception, Evror excepHons + Those excepHons are Mandled properly through exeepifon handling Mechanicm Wie try, caren and throw Keywords 24. /lanar ate tokens 7 2 Token Is rewgnized by 4 lomplter and Ir cannot be brolen don Fnto Component elements. Keywords, fdent? Frey constants, string Virerors And OPeTAOrs Art examprerel "| foKanse Even punctuation chavatrers are also tonsidered gs pojans — Rrakets, commas, graces and Parentheses,Sener wr rw rrr rrr eee eae SOON Ss 25.[Dleferenue bJwd overloading ana Overristna 7 | OveRLoapin g 2 OVERRIDING + Overloading Ys storie binding. J» Oversfatng Ys dynamic binding, + Overloading Vs nortng bur tre |e Overriding Ts the same SAME mepiod alin aiteerent Method name with same Aeguments, and tt may or may} arguments and return not veturn tha same votue in | types associates ulta sreclass tre same class Ttsete. and Its cnlid class ‘[DieFevena Bw ciacs and Qn obser? oeBsect CLASS + An object ic an tnstanu ofa [+ Class don't nave any CASS. Jets hold any In formation. informarion. @ Obsek Soes not have © Class Can howe sub- classes Stub - ObF Urs 29+|Winar Ys Qn abstraurton 2 foctraction ts a good fearuye of OOP, and tt shows only He necessary daralis to tw Clfent ofan ober. Meany, Tr shows Only necessary details for an ObjeUr, not tha Ynney deralls of an objeu. Example — wnen you want to Ststtth On relewsion ,}¢ not Necessary +0 show ail the funuttons of Tw. nareney fs vequlyed to suotteh On TY Util be Snowed by using abstyaw cligss. 2%.llahar are access modt Fier? > Access ModiFler determing thr scope OF tL Method or varlapies thar can be aecessed from Orney various obletr Or classes. There are 5 types of access modifiers, and the are Qs Follows : © Pytvore . ered ¢ Public e Fylend © protected Firlend. EES Atoc kumar Coe keory) Novel Gaiceryedddddd ddl erry 29. [winar Ts seated mogtéh vs 2] > Sealed modifiers are tre access modthiers wWnere It Cannot be Inherited by te methods. Cealed modiflers CAN alsO be appited to ProperHers, events and merhods TWs modifier cannot be appiled fo static members. 30.[How can We cal tre base erhod ustrnour creating an ins tand 2 Ves, It }s posstble to call the base method uirhour Creating an Ynstana.And that method showd be, starle marnod - Dotng Inheritana from thar class. — use Base Keyword from delved class: Bie [Winar Ts the dleeerence b/W new and oversise? | 3TH new modifier Instrucrcs tr compiler to Use pu new ImMpiementorion Ynstead oF tre base class funuton - amneveas, Override modifier haps to override th base class function. > TRert aye three varlous types of Construtors, ana they are Qs Food t~. Default Constructor—litth no paramerers. © Favamurrle Constyuttey — lalith Paramerers - Create a new Instane of @ class Qnd also passing arguments cimulraneously. * COPY constyu4or —hWINich cyeares aq new objecras q copy of an existing object. 33. [lAInaris cantly and hare binding ? 3 Early binding yeFers to assignment of Values to Variables during design dlme whereas fare binging yefors fo assfgnment Of Values to variables during CIAKEDIN).WOSWSBOH ELLE LLL dLed dh ddd dds ells \\ Bu. [anor Ys —tnis Polnrer 2 i => THIS pointer yefers to the current objet of a class: THIS Kaytoord ts used Usa polnter WNch atererentares HeTORen the cuvyene objecr Lolth the global object Basteally tt yerers fo tei current Objent: S5.[lnlnar Te tht aTeferenea bjw structure and a class? 2 _Staucture cunss © Structure default access tyre Jo Class access type ts Ts Pubite Privare . © Struccure TS used for grouping} * class can be used to Qrouping dara - dora and methods © Srrucures ave exclusively © Classes ard Used fo encapscu- USed for dota and It dees not] Ares and tnhevit dara wweh yemtye A pure virtusl function ts a Funutton LoNich ean be overridden In tre derived class bur Cannot be defined. A ulyrun Funurton can be declared a's Fure by using tri opevaror = 0. 33-[whar are alt the Opevator¢ that cannot be overloadea?] = Following are tra goerarers tnar cannot be overloaded 4. Scope” Resoiution (::) 2. Member Selettton (.) 3 Memver selection tnroudn Q potnter to Functfon Ce]WHISHOSSS§S HOO LLELEIEdbdEd dd ddd dd ddd d¥ 3a) vanart is dynamic or yun time Poiymorprt sm 9] ) Dynamic ox Run time Polymorphism ts also Known as method overriding tn vow can fan overvidden Funton ts yesolved auring yun tle, not ar tre Complle Hime: Tk means nauing two of move matnods vottn txt came name, came Signature but wirh Algeavent Impiemenratton . 4o.| Do We requlse Parameter for constvuerer There voll be alway s only On LOPY Constructor that can be either defined by tne user Ov TM System - U2.| nar does tar Keyword virtual represented fn tre mernod derinittion 2 3 It means, we can overvide the method. = us lainecnest ctaric method can Use Non static Member? | EOS Cn uy.[vanat are base class, Sub class and super class? | 3 Race class 1s te mOSt aeneratized Class ,and Mt is sald fo bea yoot class. Sub class 15 class fmat Inherits From ON oy MOTe hase Class + Super class Ts ts parenk class From wWnith another class tanerits: mak CUNKEDIAL).Cbbbdd dddlelele/c/cecee »LbbG bob La KAY \ \ SSYOSBoSBbb us-[punox Is Startc and dynamic binding? | > Binding ts Noting bur prr Assodan'on of g name volth pe class. © Static tndin a t- Sa binding in Which name can be Assodartd with te class quying compilarion time, and Yr is alse caned qs_ear inding . + Dynamite Bin dings Is aq binding in woNch name can be assodared with me class during execution time, and it $$ also cated as_tare Binding. ue-[How many Instana can be created fox an abstvaur class?) 3 =Szyo Instanus wlll be cytared For an obstraer Class. ur-[ranien Keyword can be used for Overloading 7] > Operator Keyword Vs used My Overloading. pipes mae Spedfier in a class defialHon? | ey \s used In Q Class SeFiniton. lb aq > Privare access spedhi a se ey ua. kanich OOPS Conuept is Used For yeuse Mechanism? 3 Innerttone is tne OOPS Coneept that can be used as yeuse mechanism. Inich OOPS ConcePt exposes Only necessQry Information 40 callin® Funuion ? 2 Data riding / Abstvacrion LINKEDIN.)